江上吟英语（南湖畔的翻译家）
江上吟英语（南湖畔的翻译家）Zhu Shenghao (1912.2-1944.12) was born in a small business family in decline. At the age of 4 he was enlightened by his mother and grandmother and read "The Thousand-Character Classic" and "The Book of Family Names". At the age of 5 he entered Kaiming Primary School in Meiwan street Jiaxing and began to read such long classical works such as "The Classic of Mountains and R
一、“之江才子”朱生豪
Zhu Shenghao the Gifted Scholar
嘉兴是江南文化重镇，素以人文渊薮著称，历史名人灿若星河。朱生豪的家就在嘉兴南湖之滨，这里风光秀丽，景色迷人。
Jiaxing is an important cultural town in the south of the Yangtze River. It is famous for its cultural source and famous historical figures. Zhu Shenghao's home was near the South Lake of Jiaxing where the scenery is beautiful and charming.
1.求学历程
朱生豪（1912.2--1944.12）出生于嘉兴一个没落的小商人家庭。4岁时便由母亲和祖母启蒙，诵读《千字文》和《百家姓》。5岁入嘉兴梅湾街开明初等小学读一年级，入学以后，便开始读《山海经图说》《三国演义》《聊斋志异》等长篇古典小说。他乐此不疲地读各类书籍，并且善于在知识的海洋里泛览遨游。在书籍的陪伴下，朱生豪度过了欢乐的童年。1921年，朱生豪10岁时以甲等第一名的身份从初小毕业，同年秋天考入嘉兴县立第一高级小学。在他读高小时，父母相继去世，兄弟三人便由姑母抚养，过上了寄人篱下的生活。家道的迅速衰败，使他感受到了世态炎凉，承受了超负荷的精神困厄。他变得更加沉默、孤僻，然而却也养成了坚毅刚强的品质。
Experience of studying
Zhu Shenghao (1912.2-1944.12) was born in a small business family in decline. At the age of 4 he was enlightened by his mother and grandmother and read "The Thousand-Character Classic" and "The Book of Family Names". At the age of 5 he entered Kaiming Primary School in Meiwan street Jiaxing and began to read such long classical works such as "The Classic of Mountains and Rivers" "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" "Liao Zhai Zhi Yi" (The strange tales from a Chinese studio) and so on. He enjoyed reading all kinds of books and was good at browsing in the ocean of knowledge. Accompanied by books Zhu Shenghao had a happy childhood. In 1921 Zhu Shenghao graduated from primary school at the age of 10 as the first-class student. In the autumn of the same year he was admitted to The First Senior Primary School of Jiaxing. Then his parents died one after another. He and his two younger brothers were raised by their aunt and lived a life under the shelter of others. The rapid decline of his family made him realize the coldness and fickleness of the world and suffer from excessive mental distress. He became increasingly silent and withdrawn but he developed a strong character.
12岁那年朱生豪进入美国教会办的私立秀州中学读书。在名师的指点下，他不仅熟读《论语》《孟子》《诗经》《楚辞》以及陶渊明、李白、杜甫、欧阳修的诗文等国学精粹，还接受了新文学、新思想。在当时的校长兼英文教师窦维思先生（L.Davis）的启蒙教导下，他的英语成绩也名列前茅，并迷上了英语文学，尤其是戏剧文学。在这个时期，他阅读了《哈姆莱特》和《凯撒大帝》等莎剧的英文片段，并常常高声朗读那些优美的诗句，慷慨激昂，声情并茂，常常达到忘我的境界。
At the age of 12 Zhu Shenghao entered the private Xiuzhou Middle School run by the American church. Under the guidance of famous teachers he not only read "The Analects of Confucius" "Mencius" "Book of Odes" "The Verse of Chu" and the quintessence of Chinese studies by Tao Yuanming Li Bai Du Fu and Ouyang Xiu etc. but also studied new literature and influenced by new ideas. Under the enlightenment and guidance of L. Davis the principal and English teacher his English achievement was also among the top and he was fascinated by English literature especially drama literature. In this period he read the English fragments of Shakespeare's plays such as "Hamlet" and "Julius Caesar" and often read those beautiful verses aloud impassioned eloquent and often reached the realm of selflessness.
17岁时，朱生豪以优异成绩被保送杭州之江大学，主修中国文学，兼攻英文。之江大学是当时有名的教会学校，其强大的师资和优雅的校园环境，都在深刻地影响着青年朱生豪。在词学大师夏承焘的指导下，他进一步提高了传统文学的修养，文字功底、诗学素养和国文基础都出类拔萃，夏先生曾多次夸赞朱生豪，“之江办学数十年，恐无此未易之才也”。在学校良好的语言氛围的熏陶下，英文水平也提升了很多，他主修国文辅修英文，是辅修英文科目最全面的一个学生，英语水平甚至超过了主修英文的学生，被师友们公认为“之江才子”。
At the age of 17 Zhu Shenghao with outstanding achievements was accepted by Zhijiang University located in Hangzhou majoring in Chinese literature and English. Zhijiang University was a famous missionary school at that time. Its strong teaching staff and elegant campus environment had a profound impact on young Zhu Shenghao. Under the guidance of Xia Chengtao a master of Ci poem studies he further improved the cultivation of traditional literature with outstanding writing skills poetic literacy and Chinese language. Mr. Xia praised Zhu Shenghao for many times "Zhijiang has been running school for decades but I'm afraid that there is no such talent.". Under the influence of the school's good language atmosphere his English was greatly improved. He majored in Chinese with English as a minor but his English level even exceeded that of the student who majored in English. He was recognized as "Zhijiang gifted scholar" by his teachers and friends.
2.诗学才华
朱生豪作为翻译家闻名海内外，但他还是个颇有才气的诗人。如果没有诗人的气质和才华，他也不可能成为莎剧的著名翻译家。
Poetic talent
Zhu Shenghao was well-known at home and abroad as a translator but he was also a talented poet. Without the poet's temperament and talent he could not have become a famous translator of Shakespeare's plays.
朱生豪的诗学才华早在中学时就初见端倪了。在1927年、1928年、1929年秀州中学的三期校刊《秀州钟》上分别刊载了朱生豪写的三首诗《城墙晚眺》《柳荫中》和《雨丝》。这是现在能够找到的朱生豪最早的诗作。在抒发少年情怀的同时，诗中也透出一丝与他年龄不太相称的成熟和淡淡的哀怨，虽然略显稚嫩，却也显示了他不俗的文学素养及诗歌创作灵感。例如写于1927年5月的《柳荫中》第五节就写得温婉、唯美：
枝上黄莺，
怕柳下有人行，
不敢放人瞧见，
祗躲在柳荫深处眠。
Zhu Shenghao's poetic talent began to show as early as he was in middle school. In 1927 1928 and 1929 Xiuzhou Zhong the school journal of Xiuzhou Middle School published respectively three poems written by Zhu Shenghao i.e. "The Late View of the City Wall" "In the Willow Shade" and "Drizzle". These are the earliest poems of Zhu Shenghao. When he expressed the feelings of the youth there was a trace of maturity and a touch of sadness which was not suitable for his age. Although these poems were a little immature it also showed his extraordinary literary quality and poetic inspiration. For example the fifth section of "In the Willow Shade" written in May 1927 was gentle and aesthetic.
Yellow warbler on branches
Worried that someone can walk under the willow
Dare not let others see
Only hiding in the willow shadow.
进入之江大学以后，朱生豪全身心投入学习，涉猎更广泛，眼界更开阔，才学也得到了进一步的提炼和升华。他参加了《之江诗社》并积极参与其活动，诗友们相互唱和，在夏承焘等前辈学人的指导下，写过不少佳作。朱生豪写的诗除了古体诗词，还有现代白话诗以及少量英文诗，有的咏物抒情，有的抒写对人生的感悟，表达自己的志向。他在《之江大学》年刊上发表过七言律诗《无题》二首、词《八声甘州》、新体长诗《火化的诗尘呈友人》和《别之江》、以及英文诗《吹笛人》（The Piper）等。其中《八声甘州》和《别之江》是他早期诗歌的代表作。《八声甘州》是他为1933级毕业班所作的年级歌，词中用“又一江春水搅离情，惜别苦匆匆”表达对四年同学生活就要结束的感怀，又用“慨河山瓯缺，端正百年功”来表达他们走上社会后决心用自己的热血来报效祖国的热情，要花“百年功”来“端正”“瓯缺”了的“河山”。长诗《别之江》也集中表现了他在即将离开学校，走上社会时的豪情：
After entering Zhijiang University Zhu Shenghao devoted himself to study dabbled in a wider range developed a broader vision and further refined and sublimated his talent. He took part in Zhijiang Poetry Society and actively participated in its activities. He and his friends sang with each other and wrote many excellent works under the guidance of Xia Chengtao and other senior scholars. In addition to ancient poems Zhu also wrote modern vernacular poems as well as a small number of English poems with some of them chanted things and expressed feelings about life and some expressed his aspirations. In the Journal of Zhijiang University he published two seven-character rhythms "Untitled" Ci poem "Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song" the new style long poem "The Flaming Poetry Presented to Friends" and "Farewell Zhijiang" as well as the English poem "The Piper". "Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song" was a class song he wrote for the 1933 graduation class. In the poem the line "another river of spring water stirs up feelings of separation saying goodbye in a hurry" expressed his feelings for the end of four years of students' life and "lamenting the disintegrated rivers and mountains of motherland devoting centenary work to fix it" expressed his determination to serve the motherland after entering the society and it takes "centenary work" to "fix" the "disintegrated" rivers and mountains. The long poem "Farewell Zhijiang" also focused on his pride when he was about to leave school and enter the society.
从今天起我埋葬了
青春的游戏，肩上
人生的担负，做一个
坚毅的英雄。
I buried today
The game of youth shouldered
The burden of life and be a
A determined hero.
诗中还表达了他对未来的乐观的希望：
冬天来了，阳春
岂能久远？如今我只期望
西风吹落了辛苦的收成，
残酷的霜霰终究
压不碎松柏的青青；
绵绵的长睡里有一天
会响起新生嘹亮的钟。
我欢喜，我跳跃，
春天复活在我的心中，
那时我再看见了你！
The poem also showed his positive expectations for the future:
Winter is coming sunny spring
How can it be far behind? Now I only hope
The west wind blows down the hard harvest
Cruel frost after all
Can not bend the pines and cypresses;
One day in a long sleep
There will be a loud bell ring for new birth.
I rejoice I leap
Spring comes back to life in my heart
Then I saw you again!
在大学的最后一年，朱生豪和宋清如相识并成为知己。朱生豪写过许多诗词给宋清如，其中有许多是咏物抒情的古体诗词，也有不少是歌颂友情、爱情的新诗。例如《赠宋清如词三首》（即《鹧鸪天》三首）：
楚楚身裁可可名，当年意气亦纵横。同游伴侣呼才子，落笔文华洵不群。招落月，呼停云。秋山朗似女儿身，不须耳鬓常厮磨，一笑低头意己倾。
In the last year of University Zhu Shenghao and Song Qingru met and became confidants. Zhu Shenghao wrote many poems to Song Qingru some of which are ancient poems that chant things and express feelings and some are new poems that praise friendship and love for example "Three poems for Song Qingru ".
In the poem Zhu described his own image and outstanding literary talent and was called a genius by Zhijiang teachers and students. He also expressed his sentimental character through leaves and clouds. Then he told Song Qingru he fell in love with her at the first sight and true love needed not to be proved by closeness.
1937年抗日战争爆发以后，朱生豪被迫离开上海四处逃亡，饱尝了在侵略者铁蹄之下的颠沛流离之苦，也跳出了原来生活的小圈子，有机会融入更为广阔的社会生活，接触各个阶层各种不同心态的人物，特别是有机会接触了更多生活在社会底层的劳动群众，大大加深了对社会生活的认识。这一切，使他的诗作中增加了许多全新的社会内容和生活气息，在风格和思想内容上有了质的飞跃。发表于1938年的《词三首》便是朱生豪后期的代表作，“试凭高，故国江山，满眼烽烟”表现出了他对国家命运和前途的忧虑，“竹外哀猿，山里啼鹃”表达了对苦难人民的同情。
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese war in 1937 Zhu Shenghao was forced to leave Shanghai and suffered from a total dislocation of life. Meanwhile he also jumped out of the small circle of his original life and had the opportunity to integrate into the broader social life to contact people of all walks of life with different mindsets especially the working people living at the bottom of the society which greatly deepened his understanding of social life. These experience added a lot of new social content and life atmosphere to his poems which resulted in a qualitative leap in his poetic style and ideological content. "The Three Poems" published in 1938 was Zhu Shenghao's representative work in the later period the verse"taking a bird view the rivers and mountains of motherland are full of beacon smoke" showed his worry about the fate and future of the country. "The apes outside the bamboo and cuckoos in the mountain cry in sorrow" expressed his sympathy for the suffering people.
朱生豪本身便是一首诗，诗人的译作也充满着诗意。正因为朱生豪的诗词才华，我们从朱译莎剧中才能感受到诗一样的美感。也正因为如此，朱译莎剧才能保持原作的神韵，传达莎剧的气派。
Zhu Shenghao himself is a poem and his translation is outstanding in its poetic quality. Just because of Zhu Shenghao's poetic talent we can feel the same beauty of poetry from Zhu's translation of Shakespears' plays. Just because of this Zhu's translation can keep the charm and convey the style of the original Shakespears' plays.
二、朱生豪之爱国情怀
Zhu Shenghao' s Patriotic Feeling
朱生豪性格内向，寡言少语，但在国家、民族危亡的关键时刻，却是个血性有为的青年。
Zhu Shenghao was introverted and quiet but at the critical moment of the national crisis he was a young man with patriotic feeling.
五四运动爆发，少年时期的朱生豪深受新文化思潮影响。上大学以后，又面临日寇的侵略和亡国灭族的危机。他虽一心读书，但也关心国家大事，积极投身抗日宣传活动。1931年初，之江大学成立学生自治会，朱生豪担任学术部长。九一八事变之后，成立了抗日救国会，朱生豪被选为执委，负责文书股。在1932年的《之江年刊》上，刊登有一篇朱生豪执笔的《抗日救国会小史》，简略叙述了之江大学学生积极参与抗日救国的事宜。朱生豪这一时期的诗歌也体现出了他的爱国情怀，例如《八声甘州》：
“……聚散何须惆怅，看纵横四海，放声寥空！慨河山瓯缺，端正百年功……”
Zhu Shenghao was in his youth when the May 4th Movement broke out and was deeply influenced by the new cultural thoughts. After he entered university China was then confronted with the invasion of Japanese invaders and the crisis of national subjugation. Although he was devoted to study he was also concerned about state affairs and actively participated in Anti-Japanese propaganda activities. In early 1931 Zhijiang University established the student council and Zhu Shenghao served as the student officer in charge of academic affairs. After the September 18th Incident the Anti- Japanese Association for National Salvation was established and Zhu Shenghao was elected as a member to be responsible for the document unit. In 1932 a brief history of the Anti- Japanese National Salvation Association written by Zhu Shenghao was published in the Journal of Zhijiang University which briefly described the active participation of students of Zhijiang University in the Anti-Japanese national salvation. Zhu Shenghao's poems in this period also reflected his patriotic feelings such as "Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song":
"Why do you have to be melancholy when gathering and dispersing? Let's care about the whole world and have lofty aspiration! Lamenting the disintegrated rivers and mountains of motherland devoting centenary work to fix it."
何须惆怅，男儿志在四方，特别是在国难当头的时候，更要纵横四海，为祖国出力立功。由此可见，朱生豪并不是一个两耳不闻窗外事的书生，而是一个血性有为的青年。
From this poem we can see Zhu Shenghao thought the Chinese men should have ambition and determination especially when the country was in crisis which reflected that Zhu Shenghao wasn’t a student who was oblivious of the outside world but a patriotic young man with lofty aspiration.
1933年7月，朱生豪从学校走向社会，到上海世界书局任英文编辑。1937年7月，“卢沟桥事变”爆发，8月13日夜，朱生豪仓皇出走，开始了流亡的日子。在这一年多的时间里，生活动荡，心情抑郁，万分悲愤。他回忆这段经历时说：“过着忍气吞声的日子，充满着沉痛的屈辱和绝望的心情”。经历了逃亡的磨练，朱生豪摒弃了平日悠闲自得的态度，否定了超然世外的思想，把发牢骚变为对敌人的控诉和声讨。他不再“浅醉闲眠”和“吟风歌月”，而是抛弃个人离愁别恨，同赴国难，秉笔讨伐，伸张正义。
In July 1933 Zhu Shenghao graduated from university and worked as an English editor in Shanghai World Book Company. In July 1937 "Lugouqiao Incident" broke out. On the night of August 13 Zhu Shenghao left Shanghai in a hurry and began to drift around. This turbulent life lasted for more than a year and Zhu Shenghao was extremely depressed sad and indignant. "Life was full of painful humiliation and despair and you had to bear it." Zhu Shenghao recalled. He had abandoned the leisurely and complacent life attitude denied the thought of staying detached from the world and turned complaining into accusation and condemn of the enemy. He also abandoned his personal sorrow and parting hatred and fought for justice with writing.
1939年，朱生豪到《中美日报》社任职。他以总编辑助理的身份，在两年多的时间里，以“小言”为名，写作了多达1100篇新闻随笔，总字数39.6万字。基本上是他阅读当天新闻后的所感所想，虽然是即兴抒怀，也写得犀利泼辣，形式多样，大致有以下几个方面的内容：
In 1939 Zhu Shenghao worked for China-US Daily. As an assistant to the editor in chief he had written as many as 1100 news essays in the section of "Xiaoyan" with a total of 396 000 words in more than two years which were basically what he felt after reading the news of the day. Although these essays were mostly an impromptu expression they were also sharp and shrewd with various forms. They can be classified into the following types:
一是对日本侵略者以及汪精卫一伙的揭露和斗争。如1939年11月3日的《日本与“中国新政权”》就指出，所谓的“新政权”就是在日人卵翼下的傀儡政权，是为华人所共弃的汪伪政府。其次是对日本轴心同盟国德、意法西斯的抨击和嘲讽。如说希特勒是一个偷天换日的魔术好手，其行径一贯出尔反尔。跟苏联开战后，自吹自擂，但事实是希特勒正一步步走上日本军阀的绝路。第三是向英美和苏联友邦提出的忠告和意见。英法两国必须携手作战；美国只有对日作战一条路等。还有就是对抗日爱国人士的赞美和对突发事件的评论，尤其是对知名爱国人士的去世表达感佩、悼念之情，对民族英雄的遇难寄予深切的同情。
First were those essays to fight against the Japanese aggressors and Wang Jingwei's puppet government. He pointed out that the so-called "new government" was a puppet regime under the wing of the Japanese and a puppet government abandoned by the Chinese. The second type of essays were to attack and ridicule the axis allies of Japan Germany and Italian fascism. Zhu said that Hitler was a good magician and his actions were always contrary. After the war with the Soviet Union Hitler boasted but the fact was that he was on the way to to a dead end. At last there were still advice and suggestions to the United States Britain and the Soviet Union. Zhu thought Britain and France must fight together and the United States had no other choice but to fight against Japan. His essays also expressed praises for anti-Japanese patriots gratitude and mourning for the death of well-known patriots and deep sympathy for the death of national heroes.
“小言”不小，言味隽永，生动可读，所论涉及当时国际关系的方方面面，而宗旨就是爱国抗日。范泉先生晚年曾编《朱生豪<小言集>》，真实地反映了朱生豪当时的爱国主义思想。
“……那时候他是一位以纸弹跟汪精卫作肉搏战的新闻记者。”（施瑛）
The section "Xiaoyan" in China-US Daily was meaningful vivid and readable. It covered all aspects of international relations at that time and its purpose was to against the Japanese invaders. In his later years Mr. Fan Quan compiled Zhu Shenghao's collection of news essays which truly reflected Zhu Shenghao's patriotism. "At that time he was a newspaper reporter who used paper bombs to fight Wang Jingwe” said Shi Ying.
激励朱生豪译莎，使其矢志不渝、坚持到底的决定因素，也源于他决心要为民族争气的爱国思想。
The decisive factor that motivated Zhu Shenghao to translate Shakespeare’s plays under harsh conditions stemmed from his patriotism and determination to win glory for China.
在被上海文化出版界称为“翻译年”的1935年，朱生豪接受了詹文浒翻译《莎士比亚全集》的建议，而当朱生豪从弟弟朱文振那里听说，《莎士比亚全集》的日本译者坪内逍遥曾鄙夷地说中国是无文化的国家，连老莎的译本都没有的时候，就决心把翻译莎士比亚推崇为“民族英雄的事业”。他在给宋清如的信中袒露了自己译莎的心迹：
“你崇拜不崇拜民族英雄？舍弟（是指朱文振）说我将成为一个民族英雄，如果把Shakespeare（莎士比亚）译成功以后。因为某国人曾经说中国是无文化的国家，连老莎的译本都没有”。
In 1935 known as the "year of translation" in Shanghai cultural publishing circle Zhu Shenghao accepted Zhan Wenhu's proposal to translate the complete works of Shakespeare. When Zhu Shenghao heard from Zhu Wenzhen his younger brother that Tsubouchishoyo the Japanese translator of the complete works of Shakespeare once scornfully said that China was a country without culture and even didn’t have the Chinese translation of Shakespeare’s plays he decided to consider the translation of Shakespeare’s works to be "the cause of national heroes". In his letter to Song Qingru he revealed his feelings
"Do you worship national heroes or not? My brother said that I would become a national hero if I translated Shakespeare’s plays successfully. Because someone once said that China was a country without culture even the Chinese translation of Shakespeare’s plays was not available. "
由此可见，朱生豪译莎不只是兴趣爱好，更不单单是为了几个稿费，而是要为民族争气。在现实生活中感到迷惘、困惑和苦闷的朱生豪发现，自己的工作可以为民族争光，和抵抗日本帝国主义的文化侵略联系起来，从此他摆脱了寂寞、空虚和无聊，跳出了苦闷的深渊，发下宏愿，誓要把这位英国天才剧作家的近200万字的巨著全部介绍到中国。
It can be seen that Zhu Shenghao's translation was not only a hobby not just for money but also for the nation. Zhu Shenghao who felt confused puzzled and depressed in real life found that his work could win honor for the nation and be connected with resisting the cultural invasion of Japanese imperialism. Since then he got rid of loneliness emptiness and boredom and made up his mind to introduce Shakespeare’s works nearly 2 million words to China.
“他把浓浓的忧患之思化入译文的游走、观赏、惊叹与顿悟之中，从中探察人性，观察自然，在沉重与轻松之中间阅尽人生和社会百态，在叹息与微笑中译出莎剧精髓，在坚韧与担当中肩负起文化传播的责任，在苦难与屈辱中更加坚定了要为中华民族争一口气的志向，在深沉与悲怆的译莎中奉献出自己年轻的生命。”（宋清如）
“He transformed his deep thoughts of sufferings into the pondering appreciating and understanding of the translation from which he explored human nature observed nature experienced all kinds of life and society in the middle of heaviness and lightness translated the essence of Shakespeare’s plays in sighs and smiles shouldered the responsibility of cultural transmission and strengthened his ambition to fight for the suffering Chinese nation. He devoted her young life to the translation of Shakespeare’s works.” said Song Qingru.
前期，朱生豪译莎主要是兴趣和才气使然，并且他也向往成就这一伟大的文化工程，当然也有一部分经济上的原因，但当他的译本两次毁于日本侵略军之手，在日军严酷封锁的清乡区，于贫病交加之中依然翻译莎剧，正是爱国主义情怀支撑他坚持下去。正如孟宪强先生所指出的：
“朱生豪翻译莎士比亚取得巨大成功最根本的原因，那就是他的爱国主义思想；正是这种崇高的情感成了朱生豪与莎士比亚的契合点，成了朱生豪在那样艰苦的条件下献身译莎工作的原动力”。
Zhu Shenghao's early translation was mainly due to his interest and talent and he also yearned for the achievement of this great cultural project. Of course there were some economic reasons. But when his translation was twice destroyed by the Japanese aggressors he still persisted in translating Shakespeare's plays in sever poverty and illness which was exactly supported by patriotism. As Mr. Meng Xianqiang pointed out "The most fundamental reason for Zhu Shenghao's great success in translating Shakespeare’s plays is his patriotism. It is this lofty emotion that has become the best fit between Zhu Shenghao and Shakespeare and the driving force for Zhu Shenghao to devote himself to the work of translating Shakespeare’s works under such tough conditions."
“朱生豪先生以一个纤弱之躯，以满腹天才灵气拼命译莎，为使中华民族像其他发达国家一样也拥有属于全人类的莎士比亚戏剧艺术珍品，朱生豪先生用自己的行动谱写了一首普通人的不普通的可歌可泣的诗篇。朱生豪的事业不像战死疆场的英雄那样轰轰烈烈，不像激战文坛的豪杰那样慷慨激昂，也不像大义凛然的壮士那样气冲斗牛，然而他那于默默无闻中奉献出来的青春热血与民族精髓所凝结成的艺术之花却在时间的推移中获得了永生！”
“In order to make the Chinese nation like other developed countries possess the art treasures of Shakespeare's plays which belongs to all mankind Mr. Zhu Shenghao as an ordinary person made epic contribution with his delicate body and brilliant talent. Zhu Shenghao's career was not as vigorous as the heroes who died in the war not as impassioned as the heroes who fought fiercely in the literary world neither as aggressive as the heroes who fought with great righteousness. However his artistic achievement which was formed by his youth blood and national cultural essence has gained eternal life in the course of time.”
三、朱生豪之才子佳人
Zhu Shenghao the gifted scholar and Song Qingru the lovely lady
1929年9月，朱生豪进入之江大学求学，他在门对江潮、山横塔影、风景优美的之江大学勤奋学习，显露出超人的才华。他的诗歌无论是新体、旧体都很出色，他也经常和诗友酬唱吟对、拈韵填词、切磋诗艺，有“之江才子”之称。
In September 1929 Zhu Shenghao went to Zhijiang university to study. He studied hard and showed his talents in the beautiful Zhijiang University which was opposite to Zhijiang river and decorated by mountains and towers. His poems both new and old-styled were excellent. He often chanted with his friends wrote poems with careful choice of words and rhymes and exchanged poetry writing skills with others. He was considered by both teachers and students as "a gifted scholar in Zhijiang".
宋清如1932年考入之江大学国文系，她在中学时代便是小有名气的诗歌创作者，出于对诗歌的爱好，参加了朱生豪所在的之江诗社。第一次参加诗社活动，宋清如挖空心思写了一首半文半白的《宝塔诗》，但诗社活动只交流旧体诗，诗友们传阅之后都投来异样的眼光。只有朱生豪认真地读了一遍，友善地一笑，毫无取笑不屑之意，这在宋清如心中激起了涟漪。
Song Qingru was admitted to the Department of Chinese literature of Zhijiang University in 1932. She has already made a name for herself as a poet in middle school. So out of her love for poetry she joined Zhu Shenghao's Zhijiang poetry club. When Song Qingru took part in the poetry club activity for the first time she wrote a poem in half classical and half modern Chinese whose format was like a pyramid. However the poetry club only focused on old-styled poems and the club members all showed disapproval in their eyes. Only Zhu Shenghao read it carefully and smiled kindly without any sense of teasing or disdaining which aroused Song Qingru's attention and admiration.
朱生豪也从《宝塔诗》中看出了宋清如的诗人气质和诗歌才华，诗社活动后不久，他便特意创作了三四首新诗，请女同学带给宋清如“郢正”，从此两人开始了以笔谈为主的情感交流。对诗词的共同爱好使他们产生了心灵的契合，从朦胧的好感逐渐发展为互相认定对方就是自己理想中的终身伴侣。但是，他们始终把“爱”字珍藏在心底，并开始了他们长达十年的恋爱历程。
Zhu Shenghao also saw Song Qingru's poet temperament and poetic talent from the pyramid poem. Shortly after the activities of the poetry club he specially created three or four new poems asking his female classmate to bring to Song Qingru for correction. From then on the two began the emotional exchange mainly through writing. Their common interest in poetry made them bosom friends and then gradually developed into ideal lifelong partners. However they had treasured the word "love" in their hearts for ten years before they got married.
1933年秋，朱生豪离开之江大学到上海书局工作，他忍受着分别的痛苦，两三天就给还在之江大学的宋清如写一封信。他谈自己的工作和生活，也谈对人生、对爱情、对社会的看法，更多的是倾诉对宋清如的思念之情。他在信里写道：“我秘秘密密地告诉你，你不要告诉人家，我是很爱很爱你的”。他还曾写了三首《我爱宋清如》的诗，“我爱宋清如，风流天下闻；红颜不爱酒，秀颊易生氛”。恋爱中的朱生豪直抒胸臆、直白又俏皮，把对宋清如的爱表达地一目了然。在朱生豪现存的情诗中，以1933年创作的词三首《鹧鸪天》为最佳，今选其一：
楚楚身裁可可名，当年意气亦纵横。同游伴侣呼才子，落笔文华洵不群。
招落叶，唤停云，秋山朗似女儿身。不须耳鬓常厮伴，一笑低头意已倾。
上阙一开始写自己的形象，修长的身材，卓尔不群的文采，被之江师生呼为才子。下阙写自己寄情于景，多愁善感的性格，最后宽慰自己，无须卿卿我我，耳鬓厮磨，在低头一笑之间早已一见倾心。这首词真切地表达了朱生豪的情意，打动了宋清如的芳心，促进了他们爱情的深化和升华。
In the autumn of 1933 Zhu Shenghao left Zhijiang University to work in Shanghai World Book Company. He endured the pain of separation and wrote letters to Song Qingru who was still in Zhijiang University in two or three days. He talked about his work and life as well as his views on life love and society and more about his love for Song Qingru. He wrote in his letter "I tell you in secret I love you very much and you couldn't let others know that." He also wrote three poems titled "I love Song Qingru". "I love Song Qingru and the world hears about it." Zhu Shenghao in love was straightforward and witty and clearly expressed his love for Song Qingru. Among Zhu Shenghao's existing love poems the best one was "Partridge Sky" written in 1933. In the poem Zhu described his own image and outstanding literary talent and was called a genius by Zhijiang teachers and students. He also expressed his sentimental character through leaves and clouds. Then he told Song Qingru he fell in love with her at the first sight and true love needed not to be proved by closeness. This poem expressed Zhu Shenghao's love moved Song Qingru and promoted their love.
1942年5月1日，经过十年苦恋，朱生豪和宋清如终成眷属，从此开始了“才子佳人，柴米夫妻”的生活。他们在上海举行了简而又简的婚礼，拍结婚照穿的衣服是借来的，婚礼的花费主要是师友同学送的礼金，参加婚礼的亲属只有朱生豪的姑妈、表姐还有宋清如的母亲。上天并没有给这对精神至上的才子佳人送来新婚的甜蜜，苦难的日子就无情地摆在眼前。婚后他们曾有远赴四川的打算，但是由于战事紧张，道路受阻，船期屡次延误，再加上朱生豪放心不下译莎工作，最终未能成行。
On May 1 1942 after ten years of love Zhu Shenghao and Song Qingru finally got married. From then on they began their life of poem and bread. They held simple wedding in Shanghai with borrowed wedding clothes. The wedding was mainly financed by teachers friends and classmates. Zhu Shenghao's aunt cousin and Song Qingru's mother attended their wedding. God didn't give the new couple sweetness and the suffering days were mercilessly cast in front of them. After their wedding they had planed to go to Sichuan province but due to the tension of the war the road was blocked the ship was delayed many times and Zhu Shenghao was not able to make it.
之后，朱生豪废寝忘食地投入翻译工作，他闭门不出，专心致志，埋头译莎，进度飞快。看着由于经济拮据，长期营养不良的丈夫，宋清如心如刀绞，除了家务外，她还给学生补习、做裁缝活，以补贴家用。对于朱生豪的贫困，她从来没有计较过，总是竭力支撑家庭的生活重担，并努力在精神上给他安慰，帮助他誊抄译稿，使他能安心将译莎工作进行下去。
After that Zhu Shenghao devoted himself to the translation of Shakespeare's plays. He stayed indoor paid all his attention to translation and made great progress. Looking at her husband who had been suffering from malnutrition for a long time due to money shortage Song Qingru felt so worried that she did not only do the housework but also worked as a tutor and tailor to support the family. She never disliked Zhu Shenghao because of his poverty but always tried her best to support the family to comfort him and to help him with the translation so to make sure that he could carry on the translation work at ease.
他们的婚后生活经历了生活的严峻考验，他们的爱情显得愈加纯真香醇，宋清如对朱生豪来说，也愈加不可或缺。有一次，宋清如回老家探望母亲半月未归，朱生豪整日烦躁不安，一次次去火车站迎接，结果都失望而归，便每天写信，虽然一封也没发出去，却真实地表露了他的心情：
我不愿向上帝祷告，因为他是从来不听人话的，我只向你妈祷告。好妈妈，天晴了赶快放她走吧！
明天下了雨怎么办，我一定经受不住第二次的失望，即使那只仅是一天的距离。今夜无论如何不能入睡的了。
这封信表达了朱生豪盼望妻子回家的迫切心情，没有极深厚的感情怎会如此挂念妻子？
Their life had gone through a severe test of life and their love was increasingly pure and mellow. Song Qingru was more indispensable to Zhu Shenghao. Once Song Qingru went back to her hometown to visit her mother for half a month. Zhu Shenghao was upset all day. He went to the railway station to meet her again and again but he was disappointed every time. He wrote her a letter every day. Although he didn't mail these letters they really revealed his attachment to Song Qingru. For example
I don't want to pray to God because he never listens. I only pray to your mother. Good mother it's sunny. Let her go!
What to do if it rains tomorrow? I can't stand the second disappointment even if it's only a day's distance. Anyway I can't go to sleep tonight.
This letter expresses Zhu Shenghao's eagerness to look forward to his wife's coming home. How could he miss his wife so much without deep love!
沉重的负担，艰苦的工作，摧毁了朱生豪的健康。他译莎的工作进展很快，可是由于超强度的脑力透支，加上生活贫困，得不到营养补充，生病后没钱治疗，最后转为严重的结核病。1944年12月26日，朱生豪忽然叫到：“小青青，我去了！”，他带着对爱妻稚子的无限眷恋与牵挂，带着没能全部译完莎士比亚全集的深深遗憾，离开了人间。当时，宋清如32岁，子尚刚13个月。对宋清如来说，这一幕来得太快、太凄凉，真是“悲莫悲兮死别离”。
The heavy burden and hard work destroyed Zhu Shenghao's health. He made great progress in translation but due to the super intensive mental work poverty lack of nutrition and lack of money for treatment he finally developed serious tuberculosis. On December 26 1944 Zhu Shenghao suddenly called out "Little Qingqing I'm gone!" He left the world with boundless love and concern for his wife and son and with deep regret that he could not complete the translation of all Shakespeare's works. Then Song Qingru was 32 years old and his son was only 13 months old. For Song Qingru Zhu henghao's death came too fast and too miserable. It's really "The saddest thing is forever parting".
宋清如经历了生离死别的巨大精神打击，没有一蹶不振。她坚强地挑起了生活的重担，既要抚育幼子，又要照顾朱生豪的姑妈和表姐。为毕丈夫未竟之业，她克服重重困难，翻译了朱生豪未来得及翻译的其余莎剧，并为整理、出版朱译莎剧做了大量的工作。在宋清如的努力下，1947年，朱生豪去世的第三年，世界书局出版了朱生豪译《莎士比亚戏剧全集》三辑，共27部。1954年人民文学出版社出版了朱生豪译的31部莎剧的《莎士比亚戏剧集》。除了为朱译莎剧的出版奔走之外，宋清如还撰写介绍朱生豪生平和译莎业绩的文章，编辑整理朱生豪的书信，为宣传、研究朱生豪的记者、学者提供第一手的资料，目的就是希望朱生豪永远活在读者和自己的记忆里。
Song Qingru experienced a great spiritual shock but she never fell down. She strongly shouldered the burden of life. She had to take care of their son as well as Zhu Shenghao's aunt and cousin. In order to finish her husband's unfinished work she overcame many difficulties translated the rest of Shakespeare's plays Zhu hadn't finished and did a lot of work for the collection and publication of Zhu's translation. With the effort of Song Qingru the World Book Company published Zhu Shenghao's translation of 27 Shakespeare's plays in 1947 the third year of Zhu Shenghao's death. In 1954 the People's Literature Publishing House published 31 Shakespeare's plays translated by Zhu Shenghao. Besides Song Qingru also wrote articles about Zhu Shenghao's life and achievements edited and sorted out Zhu Shenghao's letters and provided first-hand materials for journalists and scholars who publicized and studied Zhu Shenghao. She hoped that Zhu Shenghao could always live in her own as well as the readers' memory.
朱生豪和宋清如因诗相识，因诗结缘，经过十年苦恋结为夫妻，婚后的生活仅两年半。自朱生豪去世之日起，宋清如一直笔耕不辍，纪念朱生豪，怀念朱生豪，为朱译莎剧奔走呼唤，无论过程多么曲折和艰辛，始终没有放弃，支撑她一直走下去的正是她对朱生豪的深爱。这样相思相恋相伴相忆，矢志不渝的爱情让我们羡慕、敬佩，并值得我们铭记。
Zhu Shenghao and Song Qingru got to know each other for their poems and became husband and wife after ten years of love. They lived together for only two and a half years. Since Zhu Shenghao's death Song Qingru had been working hard to memorize Zhu Shenghao and to publish Zhu's translation of Shakespeare's plays. No matter how difficult the process was she had never given up. It was her deep love for Zhu Shenghao that supported her all the time. Such unswerving love makes us envy and admire worthy of remembering forever.
浙江省社科联社科普及课题成果
课题编号：20KPW02M
课题名称：南湖畔的翻译家、诗人--朱生豪（中英双语）
负责人：郑晓明
工作单位：嘉兴学院
