初学语法100条(现成的语法干货)
初学语法100条(现成的语法干货)主语(Subject )句子成分:句子由各个组成部分按照一定的规则构成,表达一个完整的意思。这些组成部分就叫做句子的成分。句子中最重要的两成分就是主语和谓语,英语中句子成分一般可以分为八种。英语中有十大词类,分为实词和虚词。每个词都有特定的作用,在句子中承担着不同的功能。如下表所示02英语句法
前段时间去表姐家,遇到在准备高考的表妹,报考的专业是人力资源管理,但是那所院校的专业需要英语比较好,在英语上面表妹可没少下功夫,但是语法一直是她的软肋。说由于语法一直不开窍,导致作文也写得不尽人意。
想说帮助表妹一把,就把之前自己在校实结的语法精讲送给她也送给各位爱学习的你们。今天主要了解词,成分与句子
01
英语词法
英语中有十大词类,分为实词和虚词。每个词都有特定的作用,在句子中承担着不同的功能。如下表所示
02
英语句法
句子成分:句子由各个组成部分按照一定的规则构成,表达一个完整的意思。这些组成部分就叫做句子的成分。句子中最重要的两成分就是主语和谓语,英语中句子成分一般可以分为八种。
主语(Subject )
句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事物,表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。常由n pron num to-do ving clause来担任,如:
The old man told a joke but it fell flat.
They say we're going to have a hot summer.
Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.
What you said is quite right.
谓语(predicate)
说明主语的动作或状态的部分。一般由动词或动词短语担当。
Jeremy Lin is an american professional basketball player.
Chatting online bring lonely people a lot of fun.
We can't wear jeans at work.
表语(predicative)
它在联系动词之后表示主语的性质,特征,状态或身份的部分。可有n pron adj adv num to-do -ving clause担任
Titanic is moving.
His job is to look after his little brother.
My job is teaching you how t. pass the English exam.
They felt very tird after 8-hour hard work.
宾语(Object )
宾语是及物动词的对象或者介词所表示的某种联系的对象。不及物动词后不能接宾语,加上某个介词后才可接宾语。介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。宾语一般有n pron num doing.从句或与之相当的结构担任。
Wouid you mind turning down the raido?
Nobody knows where he has gone.
The students were listening to the tape carefully.
补语(Complement)
补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。有主补和宾补两种:补充主语的叫主补,位于连系动词后补语又叫做表语;位于宾语之后的补语叫宾补。常由adj n或相当的结构充当。
the doctor advised him to stay in bed for a week.
they saw her walking into the department store.
定语(Aattributive)
用来限定或修饰名词或代词。通常由形容词或与之相当的结构充当。
Peter is a frank and diligent school boy.
The boy playing the piano is a fresher.
状语(Adverbial)
修饰动词,形容词,副词或者整个句子。它常由副词或与之相当的结构担当。
We want to cooperate with you greatly.
He went abroad to improve his speaking.
同位语(Appositive)
位于名词或名词性短语之后,说明其内容。常由名词,名词性短语或从句担任。
we feel proud of our monitor Zhou Jie.
03
句子的种类
按照句子的结构划分,可分为三种类型:简单句,并列句和复合句。
简单句(Simple Sentence)
简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词或(并列谓语动词)。现代英语有五种基本句型。
SV(主谓)
eg:Things change.
SVC(主系表)
eg:The milk turns sour.
SVO(主谓宾)
eg:The car caught fire.
SVOO(主谓宾宾)
eg: My mother made me a know dress.
SVOC(主谓宾补)
eg:All students found the exam easy.
并列句(Compound Sentence)
并列句包括两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句。其结构为SP
连词 SP。其中连词根据含义不同,有以下几类。
连接两个概念,常见的有and therefore not only...but(also) neither...nor等。如:
I think therefore i exist.
表示两者选其一,常见的有or otherwise or else either...or如
Either he is to blame or I am.
表示矛盾或对照,常见的有but yet still however while whereas.如
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.
复合句(Complex Sentence)
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。如
The coffee that deals with passports is upstairs.
She told him that she didn't know the truth.
此外,还有一种叫并列复合句(Compound Complex Sentence) 指在并列句中含有一个或多个从句。如:
Altogether Beethoven wrote nine symphonies but most of them were written after he had lost his hearing.
04
句子的用途
按照句子的用途来分,英语的句子有以下四种:
陈述句(Declarative Sentence)
用来陈述一项肯定或否定的的事实。
As they say when the egg is in the wit is out.
疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)
一般疑问句(General Question)它对全句提出疑问,读升调,用yes or no 引出答语。
特殊疑问句(Special Question)由疑问代词和副词引导,针对句子中具体部分提问,要求作出具体的回答。读降调。
Whom did you meet yesterday?
选择疑问句(Alternative Question)提供两种或以上情况问对方选择哪一种。要求对方作出具体回答。or前读升调,or后读降调
Dose she like singing or dancing?
反意疑问句(Disjunctive Tag Question)它由两部分构成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问。前读降调后读升调。
You are a student aren't you?
祈使句(Imperative Sentence)表示请求,命令,警告,邀请等一般省去主语,有两种基本形式。
其一:do(do not)sth 其二:Let's do sth.
感叹句(Exclamatoty Sentence)表示喜怒哀乐的强烈情感。由what 或how引导,如
What an opportunity!
哇,今天你饱了嘛,是不是太干了呀,赶紧喝点水压压惊然后好好学习吧,一起加油!