mongodb 数据实时计算(11.Lazarus数据库编程9.ZeosDBO与FireBird综合示例)
mongodb 数据实时计算(11.Lazarus数据库编程9.ZeosDBO与FireBird综合示例)select char_to_uuid('A0bF4E45-3029-2a44-D493-4998c9b439A3') from rdb$database -- returns A0BF4E4530292A44D4934998C9B439A3 (16-byte string) select char_to_uuid('A0bF4E45-3029-2A44-X493-4998c9b439A3') from rdb$database -- error: -Human readable UUID argument for CHAR_TO_UUID must -- have hex digit at position 20 instead of "X (ASCII 88)" select gen_uuid() from rdb$database -
9.ZeosDBO与Firebird综合示例9.1关于 FireBirdFirebird是一个开源的关系数据库,提供了大部分SQL-99标准的功能,可以运行在Windows、linux和多种Unix操作系统上。Firebird提供良好的并发性,高效的执行,强大的语言支持存储过程和触发器。从1981年起,它已经被许多商业公司运用于许多的产品系统中。
Firebird 和原 Borland 的 InterBase 有着相同的血脉,其作为一个开源项目遵循 Interbase Public License V.1.0 on 25 July 2000 协议。
FireBird 数据库的特点:
- Firebird是一个真正的关系数据库,支持存储过程、视图、触发器、事务等大型关系数据库的所有特性;
- Firebird支持SQL92的绝大部分命令,并且支持大部分SQL99命令,新版Firebird 2.0对SQL99的支持更完整;
- Firebird源码基于成熟的商业数据库 Interbase,有良好的稳定性,与Interbase有良好的兼容性;
- 不用考虑授权费用(免费),不用担心将来有一天你或你的客户因为使用盗版而被数据库开发商告上法庭;
- 发布简易,安装文件只有几M,且高度可定制,客户端的分发也很简单,只需一个DLL文件;
- Firebird 还具有一个嵌入式服务器版本,不用安装,直接运行,基于单机开发首选;
- Firebird的运行效率非常高;
- 具备高度可移植性,可在Linux、Unix、MacOS、Windows、Solaris 系统下运行,而且数据库格式完全一致,不用修改;
- 开发环境支持良好,Delphi、C Builder不用通过 ODBC 连接,直接用原生开发接口开发出基于 Firebird 的程序;除此之外,对于 Java、Python、.NET、PHP 都具有良好的支持。
FireBird 数据库软件有三种套件,支持不同作业平台(windows系列、linux、freebsd 等...)
- Super Server - 无法直接存取数据库档案,必须透过socket来和服务器沟通
- Classic - 直接存取数据库的档案,多个程序可以同时存取一个档案, 类似于 vfp、dbase
- embedded - 专为小型应用系统使用的嵌入式数据库 (pda)
另外,新版的 FireBird 数据库软件还支持 Android ARM32、 Android ARM64、 Mac OS X。
9.2 FireBird 开发示例本节示例:实现对一张数据表的 CRUD 操作,通过两个窗体,其中主窗体展现数据,表单窗体用于录入和修改数据。数据准备如下:
create table c_dep (
dep_id varchar(64) primary key
dep_name varchar(16)
);
insert into c_dep (dep_id dep_name)
values ('yfb' '研发部');
insert into c_dep (dep_id dep_name)
values ('xsb' '销售部');
insert into c_dep (dep_id dep_name)
values ('jszcb' '技术支持部');
insert into c_dep (dep_id dep_name)
values ('cwb' '财务部');
insert into c_dep (dep_id dep_name)
values ('xzb' '行政部');
create table d_dep_staff (
staff_id varchar(64) primary key
dep_id varchar(64)
name varchar(32)
sex varchar(8)
birthday date
edu_level varchar(16)
school varchar(64)
speciality varchar(32)
native_place varchar(256)
);
INSERT INTO d_dep_staff
(staff_id dep_id name sex birthday edu_level school speciality native_place)
VALUES(uuid_to_char(gen_uuid()) 'yfb' '张三' '女' '1981-9-10' '本科' '内蒙古大学' '经济管理' '内蒙古乌兰察布市集宁区');
INSERT INTO d_dep_staff
(staff_id dep_id name sex birthday edu_level school speciality native_place)
VALUES(uuid_to_char(gen_uuid()) 'xsb' '刘五' '男' '1978-7-11' '本科' '内蒙古大学' '计算机科学与技术' '内蒙古鄂尔多斯市东胜区');
INSERT INTO d_dep_staff
(staff_id dep_id name sex birthday edu_level school speciality native_place)
VALUES(uuid_to_char(gen_uuid()) 'xzb' '弓九' '女' '1983-3-10' '本科' '内蒙古科技大学' '计算机科学与技术' '内蒙古呼和浩特市托克托县');
在数据表设计上,我比较习惯于主键使用 UUID,这个习惯也是受近几年的分布式数据库的影响而形成的。在 FireBird 中,对于 UUID 在支持包括如下函数:
- CHAR_TO_UUID (ascii_uuid)
- GEN_UUID ()
- UUID_TO_CHAR (uuid)
如:
select char_to_uuid('A0bF4E45-3029-2a44-D493-4998c9b439A3') from rdb$database
-- returns A0BF4E4530292A44D4934998C9B439A3 (16-byte string)
select char_to_uuid('A0bF4E45-3029-2A44-X493-4998c9b439A3') from rdb$database
-- error: -Human readable UUID argument for CHAR_TO_UUID must
-- have hex digit at position 20 instead of "X (ASCII 88)"
select gen_uuid() from rdb$database
-- returns e.g. 017347BFE212B2479C00FA4323B36320 (16-byte string)
select uuid_to_char(x'876C45F4569B320DBCB4735AC3509E5F') from rdb$database
-- returns '876C45F4-569B-320D-BCB4-735AC3509E5F'
select uuid_to_char(gen_uuid()) from rdb$database
-- returns e.g. '680D946B-45FF-DB4E-B103-BB5711529B86'
select uuid_to_char('Firebird swings!') from rdb$database
-- returns '46697265-6269-7264-2073-77696E677321'
9.3 Lazarus 应用程序示例9.3.1 界面设计
主窗体界面如下图:
表单窗体界面如下图:
9.3.2 数据模块数据模块组件声明代码:
TDataModule1 = class(TDataModule)
// 数据库组件
ZConnection1: TZConnection;
ZQuery1: TZQuery;
// 字段定义
ZQuery1_BIRTHDAY: TDateField;
ZQuery1_DEP_ID: TStringField;
ZQuery1_DEP_NAME: TStringField;
ZQuery1_EDU_LEVEL: TStringField;
ZQuery1_NAME: TStringField;
ZQuery1_NATIVE_PLACE: TStringField;
ZQuery1_SCHOOL: TStringField;
ZQuery1_SEX: TStringField;
ZQuery1_SPECIALITY: TStringField;
ZQuery1_STAFF_ID: TStringField;
private
public
end;
数据库组件属性设置:
组件 |
属性 |
值 |
ZConnection1 |
Protocol |
firebird |
HostName |
127.0.0.1 | |
Port |
3050 | |
User |
sysdba | |
Password |
*** | |
Database |
E:\workspace_of_lazarus\DEMODB.FDB | |
Connected |
True | |
ZQuery1 |
Connection |
ZConnection1 |
SQL |
SELECT staff_id s.dep_id name sex birthday edu_level school speciality native_place d.dep_name FROM d_dep_staff s left join c_dep d on s.dep_id = d.dep_id | |
Active |
True |
主窗体组件声明代码如下:
TForm1 = class(TForm)
// CRUD 按钮
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
Button3: TButton;
Button4: TButton;
// 数据库组件
DataSource1: TDataSource;
DBGrid1: TDBGrid;
// 数据导航组件
DBNavigator1: TDBNavigator;
// 按钮及数据导航组件容器
Panel1: TPanel;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure DBGrid1DblClick(Sender: TObject);
private
public
end;
主窗体数据库组件的属性:
组件 |
属性 |
值 |
DataSource1 |
DataSet |
DataModule1.ZQuery1 |
DBNavigator1 |
DataSource |
DataSource1 |
VisibleButtons |
[nbFirst nbPrior nbNext nbLast] | |
Align |
alRight | |
DBGrid1 |
DataSource |
DataSource1 |
Options |
dgRowSelect=True | |
Align |
alClient |
表单窗体组件声明代码:
TForm2 = class(TForm)
// 确定、取消按钮
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
// 数据编辑组件
SpecialityEdit: TEdit;
SchoolEdit: TEdit;
EduLevelComboBox: TComboBox;
BirthdayDateTimePicker: TDateTimePicker;
DepComboBox: TComboBox;
NameEdit: TEdit;
NativePlaceEdit: TEdit;
SexRadioGroup: TRadioGroup;
// 数据标签组件
GroupBox1: TGroupBox;
GroupBox2: TGroupBox;
GroupBox3: TGroupBox;
GroupBox4: TGroupBox;
GroupBox5: TGroupBox;
GroupBox6: TGroupBox;
GroupBox7: TGroupBox;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormActivate(Sender: TObject);
private
public
isNew: Boolean; // 标识是否为新建数据记录
end;
9.3.5 主窗体功能实现代码
代码如下:
uses unit2 unit3;
{ TForm1 }
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
// 新建
Form2.isNew := True;
if Form2.ShowModal = mrOk then
begin
DataModule1.ZQuery1.Refresh;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
// 编辑
if DataModule1.ZQuery1.BOF then
if DataModule1.ZQuery1.RecordCount > 0 then
DataModule1.ZQuery1.First
else
Exit;
if DataModule1.ZQuery1.EOF then
if DataModule1.ZQuery1.RecordCount > 0 then
DataModule1.ZQuery1.Last
else
Exit;
Form2.isNew := False;
if Form2.ShowModal = mrOk then
begin
DataModule1.ZQuery1.Refresh;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
var
Query: TZQuery;
begin
// 删除
if DataModule1.ZQuery1.BOF then
if DataModule1.ZQuery1.RecordCount > 0 then
DataModule1.ZQuery1.First
else
Exit;
if DataModule1.ZQuery1.EOF then
if DataModule1.ZQuery1.RecordCount > 0 then
DataModule1.ZQuery1.Last
else
Exit;
Query := TZQuery.Create(Self);
try
Query.Connection := DataModule1.ZConnection1;
Query.Close;
Query.SQL.Text := 'DELETE FROM d_dep_staff where staff_id = :staffId';
Query.Params.ParamByName('staffId').AsString := DataModule1.ZQuery1_STAFF_ID.Value;
Query.ExecSQL;
except
on D: EDatabaseError do
MessageDlg('Error' 'A database error has occurred. Technical error message: ' D.Message mtError [mbOK] 0);
end;
Query.Destroy;
DataModule1.ZQuery1.Refresh;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
// 刷新
DataModule1.ZQuery1.Refresh;
end;
procedure TForm1.DBGrid1DblClick(Sender: TObject);
begin
// 双击修改
Button2Click(Sender);
end;
9.3.6 表单窗体功能实现代码
代码如下:
uses unit2;
{ TForm2 }
procedure TForm2.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
// 取消
ModalResult := mrCancel;
end;
procedure TForm2.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
Query: TZQuery;
index: Integer;
depId: String;
begin
// 确定
if NameEdit.Text = '' then
begin
MessageDlg('提示' '请输入姓名!' mtError [mbOK] 0);
Exit;
end;
if DepComboBox.ItemIndex < 0 then
begin
MessageDlg('提示' '请选择所在部门!' mtError [mbOK] 0);
Exit;
end;
index := DepComboBox.ItemIndex;
depId := PAnsiString(DepComboBox.Items.Objects[index])^;
Query := TZQuery.Create(Self);
try
Query.Connection := DataModule1.ZConnection1;
Query.Close;
if isNew then
begin
Query.SQL.Text := 'INSERT INTO d_dep_staff (staff_id dep_id name sex birthday edu_level school speciality native_place) VALUES(uuid_to_char(gen_uuid()) :depId :name :sex :birthday :eduLevel :school :speciality :nativePlace)';
Query.Params.ParamByName('depId').AsString := depId;
Query.Params.ParamByName('name').AsString := NameEdit.Text;
if SexRadioGroup.ItemIndex = 0 then
Query.Params.ParamByName('sex').AsString := '男'
else
Query.Params.ParamByName('sex').AsString := '女';
Query.Params.ParamByName('birthday').AsDate := BirthdayDateTimePicker.Date;
Query.Params.ParamByName('eduLevel').AsString := EduLevelComboBox.Text;
Query.Params.ParamByName('school').AsString := SchoolEdit.Text;
Query.Params.ParamByName('speciality').AsString := SpecialityEdit.Text;
Query.Params.ParamByName('nativePlace').AsString := NativePlaceEdit.Text;
Query.ExecSQL;
end
else
begin
Query.SQL.Text := 'UPDATE d_dep_staff SET dep_id=:depId name=:name sex=:sex birthday=:birthday edu_level=:eduLevel school=:school speciality=:speciality native_place=:nativePlace WHERE staff_id=:staffId';
Query.Params.ParamByName('depId').AsString := depId;
Query.Params.ParamByName('name').AsString := NameEdit.Text;
if SexRadioGroup.ItemIndex = 0 then
Query.Params.ParamByName('sex').AsString := '男'
else
Query.Params.ParamByName('sex').AsString := '女';
Query.Params.ParamByName('birthday').AsDate := BirthdayDateTimePicker.Date;
Query.Params.ParamByName('eduLevel').AsString := EduLevelComboBox.Text;
Query.Params.ParamByName('school').AsString := SchoolEdit.Text;
Query.Params.ParamByName('speciality').AsString := SpecialityEdit.Text;
Query.Params.ParamByName('nativePlace').AsString := NativePlaceEdit.Text;
Query.Params.ParamByName('staffId').AsString := DataModule1.ZQuery1_STAFF_ID.Value;
Query.ExecSQL;
end;
except
on D: EDatabaseError do
MessageDlg('Error' 'A database error has occurred. Technical error message: ' D.Message mtError [mbOK] 0);
end;
Query.Destroy;
ModalResult := mrOk;
end;
procedure TForm2.FormActivate(Sender: TObject);
var
Query: TZQuery;
index: Integer;
begin
// 初始化部门选项
try
Query := TZQuery.Create(Self);
Query.Connection := DataModule1.ZConnection1;
Query.Close;
Query.SQL.Text := 'SELECT dep_id dep_name FROM c_dep';
Query.Open;
DepComboBox.Items.Clear;
while not Query.EOF do
begin
DepComboBox.Items.AddObject(
Query.FieldByName('dep_name').AsString
TObject(NewStr(Query.FieldByName('dep_id').AsString))
);
Query.Next;
end;
except
on D: EDatabaseError do
MessageDlg('Error' 'A database error has occurred. Technical error message: ' D.Message mtError [mbOK] 0);
end;
// 初始化数据项
if isNew then
begin
NameEdit.Text:='';
SexRadioGroup.ItemIndex:=0;
SchoolEdit.Text:='';
SpecialityEdit.Text:='';
NativePlaceEdit.Text:='';
end
else
with DataModule1 do
begin
NameEdit.Text:=ZQuery1_NAME.Value;
if ZQuery1_SEX.Value = '男' then
SexRadioGroup.ItemIndex:=0
else
SexRadioGroup.ItemIndex:=1;
index := DepComboBox.Items.IndexOf(ZQuery1_DEP_NAME.Value);
DepComboBox.ItemIndex:=index;
BirthdayDateTimePicker.Date := ZQuery1_BIRTHDAY.Value;
EduLevelComboBox.Text := ZQuery1_EDU_LEVEL.Value;
SchoolEdit.Text := ZQuery1_SCHOOL.Value;
SpecialityEdit.Text:=ZQuery1_SPECIALITY.Value;
NativePlaceEdit.Text:= ZQuery1_NATIVE_PLACE.Value;
end;
end;