高考英语单项选择方法（高考英语单项选择解题方法）
高考英语单项选择方法（高考英语单项选择解题方法）A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach2. Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours ___ a decision. [2011湖南]1. Every evening after dinner if not ___ from work I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired [2009湖南]解析：If引导的是一个省略的状语从句，还原后为 “if (I am not) tired from work” 故答案为：C.
一、考纲要求：高考单项选择题重点考查考生对基本英语语法知识的掌握与运用，要求考生能在语境中了解和掌握语法的表意功能，准确运用语法知识。
二、试题特点：考查的知识点涉及中学所学主干语法项目，但主要表现在时态、语态，非谓语动词和定语从句、名词性从句及状语从句之间。近几年来，单项选择题的难度有所下降，基本可以用容易来概括，没有偏题、怪题，但更加注重考生结合语境正确使用语法知识了。
三、方法探讨：
１）还原法。主要是把倒装句、疑问句、变成陈述句，把省略句变成完整的句子，在把含有表示猜测的句子变成反意疑问句时，先把该句还原成一个不含表示猜测结构的句子。
1. Every evening after dinner if not ___ from work I will spend some time walking my dog.
A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired [2009湖南]
解析：If引导的是一个省略的状语从句，还原后为 “if (I am not) tired from work” 故答案为：C.
2. Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours ___ a decision. [2011湖南]
A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach
解析：该句可以还原成陈述句：They reached a decision only after they had discussed the matter for several hours. 由此可以看出 “only after they had discussed the matter for several hours”是该句的时间状语，而only强调状语置于句首要用部分倒装，故答案为：B.
2) 抓住信息词。这里的信息词实际上就是题目中的一些关键的词语或短语，甚至是标点符号，它们在解题中起着举足轻重的作用。
3. __ the website of the Fire Department in your city and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search [2008湖南]
解析：题目中的and表明其前后是两个并列的句子，只有D答案填进去后， “Search the website of the Fire Department in your city”构成一个祈使句，故答案为：D.
4. –John what _____ in your hand? [2011湖南]
--Look! It’s a birthday gift for my grandma.
A. had you held B. are you holding C. do you hold D. will you hold
解析：抓住对话中表示招呼的词语Look!，可以判断问话人是在询问对方手里正在拿着什么东西，当然用现在进行时提问，故答案为：B
３）瘦身法。即抓住句子中的主干（主谓宾），理顺句子间的逻辑关系．也包括善于识别句子中的插入语或强调句型结构，做题时要把插入语、定语(从句)从句子中拿掉，从而使得句子的结构一清二楚 或者把强调结构从句子中拿掉，看句子结构是否完整，意思是否仍然清楚。
5. John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work ____ has made him what he is today. [2010湖南]
A. why B. when C. which D. that
解析：假定该题为强调句式，带入选项D 然后把it is … that …结构去掉，剩下的部分 “Years of hard work has made him what he is today”.是一个意思清楚、结构完整的句子，故该题为强调句式，答案为：D
4）排除法。先排除一眼就看得出的选项，缩小选择范围，然后根据相关知识，选出最佳答案。
6. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ____ it. Was it you? [2010湖南]
A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do
解析：题干中的两个谓语动词was提示题目是以过去时间为起点，故A D两个选项可以排除掉。根据句意(我正要去修剪玫瑰园，但是有人已经做了，是你做的吗？)，知该题要用过去完成时，故答案是：B.
7. The growing speed of a plan is influenced by a number of factors ______ are beyond our control. [2008湖南]
A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
解析：题目中有逗号，说明后面句子中应该用引导词引导一个非限制性定语从句，故排除A. 介词后面一般不接that引导的定语从句，从而排除D. what不能引导定语从句，排除C. 只有D答案满足“代词 介词of 引导词”引导非限制性定语从句，故答案为：B
5）推理法。当四个选项单独填入空格都对时，我们要认真阅读全句，仔细体会其语境，根据前后文，进行判断．一般地，如果从语意上看是对的，则要从语法角度分析；反之，如果从语法上看是对的，则要从语意和用法的角度分析．如果从语意和语法角度都难找出破绽，则要结合整个语境来看。
8. You _____ buy a gift but you can if you want to. [2010湖南]
A. must B. mustn’t C. have to D. don’t have to
解析：如果单独看第一句话，四个选项带进去都是语法正确、意思通顺的句子，但是如果抓住but you can if you want to (buy a gift) 则可以推断出，说话人应该是“你没必要买礼物，但是如果你想的也话可以买”的意思，故答案为：D.
9. –If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy I could have been back by six o’clock.
--What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you. [2005湖南]
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
解析：从语法角度看，四个选项都可以填进去，从语意角度看，意思也都可以，但结合具体语境来看，说话人应该是说原本Tina到这里来看你的，可惜你还没来。故答案是：B
6）结构分析法。有些题目结构复杂，语法项目多，做题时，要先抓住句子中的连接词或引导词，区分出主句和从句，弄清句子的主干，从而找出考查的知识点，轻松解题。
10. At the age of 29 Dave was a worker ____ in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future. [2009湖南]
A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
解析：本句的句子主干是 “At the age of 20 Dave was a worker” 而后面部分是分词做伴随状语，因为分词和句子主语Dave是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，故答案是：A
11. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ____ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have [2010湖南]
解析：本句是一个简单句，主语是动名词短语 “listening to loud music at rock concerts” 因此谓语动词用单数，句意为“在音乐会上听高声的音乐已经造成了一些青少年的听力损失”，为主动语态，故答案为：C.
7）语境分析法。单项选择题已经由单纯的考查语法向英语应用的方向发展．更多的是把语法知识放在一个特定的场合（即语境）去考查，如果在做题时我们能准确把握这个语境，并且掌握了相关知识，题目就可以迎刃而解。
12. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ _she was so angry.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why [2010湖南]
解析：该题前半部分描述了Cindy愤怒这一事实，后半部分说明“办公室没人知道Cindy为何如此愤怒”，故答案是：D.
13. I walked slowly through the market where people ___ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. [2010湖南]
A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold
解析：从谓语动词“walked” “studied”可以知道本句所描述的是发生在过去的事情。再根据“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed” 可以判断“sell all kinds of fruits and vegetables”的动作正在进行。故答案为：B.
8）拆分法。这种方法主要适用于解答比较复杂的定语从句题目。做题时，我们可以先把题目拆分成两个简单句，然后再还原成定语从句，从而看出使用什么样的定语从句引导词。
14. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _____ I met in the English speech contest last year. [2010湖南]
A. who B. where C. when D. which
解析：本题拆开后，主句是 “I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school”. 从句是 “I met them in the English speech contest last year”. 由此可以看出，从句要有个宾语并且指代主句中的some good friends. 只有who可以引导定语从句，并且在从句中做宾语，故答案为：A.
15. Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what C. which D. in which [2012湖南]
解析：本题拆开，主句是 “Care of the soul is a gradual process”. 从句是 “Even the small details of life should be considered in the process”. 由此可见从句少了一个地点状语，因此用in which引导定语从句。故答案是：D.
9）代入法。此法适用于一些固定句型、固定短语以及一些基本的语法规则题。把选择项依次填入空格中，只有一个选项适合某短语、句型或语法规则。
16. If he __ my advice he wouldn’t have lost his job. [2010湖南]
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
解析：把选项C带入题干，我们会发现这是一个表示对过去情况虚拟的句子，故答案为：C.
17. _____ hard you try it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. [2012湖南]
A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever
解析：带入四个选项，我们可以发现只有however后面可以接副词hard 从而构成 “however adv. S V”. 故答案是A.
10）翻译法。主要适用于表达逻辑关系和不定代词用法的题目。这时，只要能够准确读懂题意，准确弄清句子之间的逻辑关系，题目基本就不会有什么困难。
18. Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him ____ he had done something very clever. [2011湖南]
A. as if B. in case C. while D. though
解析：本题句意为“杰克什么也没说，但老师朝他笑了笑，好像他干了一件什么机灵的事”，因此用as if引导方式状语从句。故答案是：A
19. I knew that ___ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing [2011湖南]
解析：根据后半句的意思“他绝对不会放弃当导演”可以推断出前半句的意思应该为“我知道没有什么事情会让他灰心丧气”，故答案为：D.
配套练习：
1. Is this the reason ___ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work.. [2002上海]
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
2. There is no light in the dormitory. The must have gone to the lecture __ ? [2004上海春]
A. didn’t they B. don’t they C. mustn’t they D. haven’t they
3. Listen! Do you hear someone _____ for help ? [2010湖南]
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
4. Father ___ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there. [2010湖南]
A. hardly B. seldom C. sometimes D. never
5. It’s not what we do once in a while ___ shapes our lives but what we do consistently.
A. which B. that C. how D. when [2012湖南]
6. Do you wake up every morning _____ energetic and ready to start a new day? [2012湖南]
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
7. Julie was good at German French and Russian all of ___ she spoke fluently. [2012湖南]
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
8. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You ___ find the book by the title.
A. must B. need C. can D. would [2008湖南]
9. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do ___ it takes to save her life. [09湖南]
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
10. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _ . [2009湖南]
A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be used
11. Would you please keep silent? The weather report ___ and I want to listen. [2009湖南]
A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast
12. I’m tired out. I ___ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything. [2010湖南]
A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping
13. I was born in New Orleans Louisiana a city ___ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. [2009湖南]
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
14. It was an exciting moment for those football fans this year __ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. 【2000春北京】
A. that B. while C. which D. when
15. Either you or one of your students ____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be [2009湖南]
16. One-third of the country ____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ___ black people. [2012湖南]
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are is
17. Tim is in good shape physically ____ he doesn’t get much exercise. [2010湖南]
A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as
18. Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. __ he met some friends and stayed out until midnight. [2008湖南]
A. Meanwhile B. However C. Instead D. Yet
19. Dina ____ for months to find a job as a waitress finally took a position at a local advertising agency. [10湖南]
A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
20. –It’s the office! So you ____ know eating is not allowed here. [2009湖南]
--Oh sorry.
A. must B. will C. may D. need
参考答案：
1—5 ADACB 6—10 CCCD 11—15 BDDDB 16—20 ABCCA
