以色列接种的疫苗（以色列批准接种第四剂疫苗）

以色列接种的疫苗（以色列批准接种第四剂疫苗）③ cleric: [ˈklerɪk] n. a member of the Christian clergy 神职人员② apartheid: [əˈpɑːtaɪt] n. the former political system in South Africa in which only white people had full political rights and other people especially black people were forced to live away from white people go to separate schools etc. 南非种族隔离制度德斯蒙德·图图去世，享年90。他是一名神职人员，曾用讲道坛和充满活力的演说帮助推翻了南非的种族隔离制度，而后成为黑人多数统治下和平和解的主要倡导者。南非总统办公室证实了图图去世的消息

1

Desmond Tutu whose voice helped slay① apartheid② dies at 90

德斯蒙德·图图去世，享年90，曾助力废除南非种族隔离制度

Desmond Tutu the cleric③ who used his pulpit④ and spirited oratory⑤ to help bring down apartheid in South Africa and then became the leading advocate of peaceful reconciliation under Black majority rule died. He was 90. His death was confirmed by the office of South Africa’s president who called the archbishop “a leader of principle and pragmatism who gave meaning to the biblical insight that faith without works is dead.” Archbishop Tutu led the church to the forefront of Black South Africans’ decades-long struggle for freedom. His voice was a powerful force for nonviolence in the anti-apartheid movement earning him a Nobel Peace Prize in 1984. When that movement triumphed in the early 1990s he prodded⑥ the country toward a new relationship between its white and Black citizens and as chairman of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission he gathered testimony documenting the viciousness of apartheid. (The New York Times)

德斯蒙德·图图去世，享年90。他是一名神职人员，曾用讲道坛和充满活力的演说帮助推翻了南非的种族隔离制度，而后成为黑人多数统治下和平和解的主要倡导者。南非总统办公室证实了图图去世的消息。总统称这位大主教“是一位有原则、务实的领袖，为《圣经》中‘信无行则死’这一真知赋予了内涵”。在南非黑人为自由而作的数十年抗争中，图图大主教带领教会站在了最前线。反种族隔离运动中，他的声音成为非暴力运动的强大力量，为他赢得了1984年诺贝尔和平奖。当这场运动在1990年代初取得胜利时，他推动南非重建白人和黑人公民之间的关系。此外，作为真相与和解委员会的主席，他收集了记录种族隔离恶行的证词。

【注释】

① slay: [sleɪ] vt. to kill (somebody/something) in a war or a fight 杀

② apartheid: [əˈpɑːtaɪt] n. the former political system in South Africa in which only white people had full political rights and other people especially black people were forced to live away from white people go to separate schools etc. 南非种族隔离制度

③ cleric: [ˈklerɪk] n. a member of the Christian clergy 神职人员

④ pulpit: [ˈpʊlpɪt] n. a small platform in a church that is like a box and is high above the ground where a priest etc. stands to speak to the people（教堂的）讲坛，布道坛

⑤ oratory: [ˈɒrətri] n. the skill of making powerful and effective speeches in public 演讲术

⑥ prod: [prɒd] vt. to try to make (somebody) do something especially when they are unwilling 刺激，激励；推动

Archbishop Desmond Tutu

(Credit: Jennifer Bruce / AFP / Getty Images)

2

Israel approves a 4th vaccine dose for the most vulnerable

以色列批准为最危险人群接种第四剂疫苗

Israel has approved a fourth vaccine dose for people most vulnerable to COVID-19 as it braces for a wave of infections fueled by the omicron variant. The director general of the Health Ministry announced the decision at a press conference saying the doses would initially be given to those with weakened immune systems. Israel was among the first countries to roll out① Pfizer’s coronavirus vaccine a year ago and began rolling out boosters② last summer. But it still saw a wave of infections blamed on the delta variant and officials have warned of another driven by the fast-spreading omicron. (AP)

奥密克戎变异株引发以色列新一轮感染。该国严阵以待，批准为最危险人群接种第四剂新冠疫苗。以色列卫生部长在一场新闻发布会上公布了这一决定，并称将首先为免疫系统较薄弱的人群接种第四剂疫苗。一年前，以色列是最早施打辉瑞疫苗的国家之一；2021年夏天，该国又率先施打加强针。然而，以色列仍然出现了一波德尔塔变异株引发的感染。政府警告，奥密克戎传播迅速，可能引发新一轮感染。

【注释】

① roll out: to officially make (a new product) available 正式推出

② booster: [ˈbuːstə(r)] n. an extra amount of a vaccine that is given to increase the effect of one given earlier for example to protect you from a disease for longer 疫苗加强针

A woman receives a fourth dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.

(Credit: Tsafrir Abayov / AP)

3

China complained to the UN about Musk’s SpaceX satellites

中国就马斯克SpaceX卫星向联合国投诉

Beijing says it complained to the United Nations about near misses① its space station allegedly had with SpaceX satellites. Two satellites from the U.S. company founded by Elon Musk came close to the station in July and October forcing astronauts on board to take evasive action Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian said Tuesday at a regular press briefing in Beijing. The Chinese government told UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres about the incident on Dec. 3 Zhao said adding the U.S. wasn’t meeting its obligations under the Outer Space Treaty②. “The U.S. while talking about the concept of responsible outer space behavior is in practice ignoring its obligations under the treaty ” Zhao said remarking that the incidents endangered the station’s taikonauts the Chinese name for astronauts. (Bloomberg)

据报道，美国太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）的卫星不止一次险些撞上中国空间站——中方表示，已就此向联合国投诉。SpaceX是埃隆·马斯克成立的美国公司。12月28日，中国外交部发言人赵立坚在北京举行的例行记者会上表示，该公司的两架卫星先后于7月和10月接近中国空间站，迫使站内航天员采取紧急避碰措施。赵立坚表示，中国政府于12月3日向联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯通报此事。他补充道，美国没有履行《外空条约》规定的责任。赵立坚说：“美国口口声声宣称所谓‘负责任外空行为’概念，自己却无视外空国际条约义务。”他评论说，这些事故危害了在空间站工作的中国航天员的安全。

【注释】

① near miss: a situation in which a collision is narrowly avoided 险些撞上

② the Outer Space Treaty: an international treaty binding the parties to use outer space only for peaceful purposes 《外空条约》

Chinese Space Station Tiangong orbits the Earth.

(Credit: Getty Images)

4

Putin says the Nord Stream 2 link is ready to calm gas prices

普京称，北溪2号管道已做好准备，可缓解气价飙升

Russian President Vladimir Putin said last Wednesday the Nord Stream 2 undersea gas pipeline would help to calm a surge in European gas prices. Nord Stream 2 completed in September but awaiting regulatory approval from Germany and the European Union faces resistance from the United States and several countries including Poland and Ukraine which say it will increase Russia’s leverage① over Europe. The pipeline had been scheduled to be completed in 2019 but construction was suspended following the threat of sanctions by the U.S. administration of Donald Trump and the subsequent withdrawal of the Swiss-Dutch company Allseas from pipe-laying. (Reuters)

12月29日，俄罗斯总统普京表示，北溪2号海底天然气管道将有助于缓解欧洲气价飙升。北溪2号项目于2021年9月完工，但仍在等待德国和欧盟监管部门批准。该项目面临着来自美国和波兰、乌克兰等几个国家的阻力。那些国家认为，该项目会增加俄罗斯对欧洲的筹码。北溪2号管道原定于2019年完工，但因美国特朗普政府的制裁威胁和负责水下管道铺设的瑞士-荷兰公司全海洋公司随后的退出，北溪2号项目一度中辍。

【注释】

① leverage: [ˈliːvərɪdʒ] n. the ability to influence what people do 力量，影响

(Credit: Maxim Shemetov / REUTERS)

5

At least 32 were killed in a gold mine collapse in Sudan

苏丹金矿坍塌，至少32人死亡

Rescue workers in Sudan are working to recover the bodies of dozens of workers who were killed in a gold mine that collapsed in the remote West Kordofan province. Sudan is in the throes of① a long-standing economic crisis and has led some to resort to risky practices in underdeveloped regions to try to make a living. Gold is Sudan’s most valuable export with mining one of its biggest industries. More than two million miners work in more than 800 locations across the country according to the latest government statistics. Independent gold mining has been on the rise in Sudan since 2011 when South Sudan separated from Sudan—taking with it most of the country’s oil revenue. (CNN)

苏丹边远的西科尔多凡州一座金矿发生坍塌事故，该国营救人员正开展工作，试图寻回几十具尸体。苏丹经济长期处于危机中，令一些人在欠发达地区冒险谋生。黄金是苏丹最有价值的出口品，矿业也是其最大产业之一。政府公布的最新数据显示，该国全境有逾200万名矿工在800多处采矿点劳作。2011年，南苏丹脱离苏丹，带走了该国大部分石油收入——此后，苏丹独立经营的金矿开采公司数量一直在上升。

【注释】

① in the throes of something/of doing something: in the middle of an activity especially a difficult or complicated one 处于……之中

Sudan is a major gold producer with mines across the country.

(Credit: Eric Lafforgue / Art in All of Us / Getty-file photo)

6

The Natural History Museum identifies more than 500 new species in 2021

英国自然历史博物馆2021年发现500余新物种

Six new dinosaurs an Indian beetle named after Larry the cat① and dozens of crustaceans critical to the planet’s carbon cycle were among the 552 new species identified by scientists at the Natural History Museum last year. In 2021 researchers described previously unknown species across the tree of life② from a pair of giant carnivorous dinosaurs known as spinosaurs to five new snakes that include the Joseph’s racer③ which was identified with the help of a 185-year-old painting. With international travel to field sites restricted scientists at the London-based museum concentrated on describing existing collections and species that roamed④ the Earth millions of years ago. (The Guardian)

2021年，英国自然历史博物馆的科学家发现了552个新物种，包括6种恐龙、1种以拉里猫命名的印度甲虫，以及几十种对地球碳循环非常重要的甲壳类动物。这一年，研究人员描述了一些此前未知的物种，范围覆盖整个“生命树”，包括2只被称为棘龙的巨型食肉恐龙，还有5种新的蛇种——其中的约瑟夫游蛇是在一幅185年前画作的帮助下得以确定的。自然历史博物馆位于伦敦。由于国际旅行受限，无法前往野外，博物馆的科学家就专注于描述现存藏品和几百万年前在地球各处生长的物种。

【注释】

① Larry the cat: a domestic cat who has served as Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office of the United Kingdom at 10 Downing Street since 2011 拉里猫「英国内阁办公厅首席捕鼠大臣，于2011年2月15日就任」

② tree of life: a tree symbolic of life or immortality esp. that in the narrative of the garden of Eden 生命树

③ racer: [ˈreɪsə(r)] n. any of various American colubrid snakes 游蛇

④ roam: [rəʊm] vt. to walk or travel around an area without any definite aim or direction 漫步于

the two spinosaurs

(Credit: Anthony Hutchings / The Guardian)

陈紫安 编译兼朗读

王暖流 审订