新概念3背了50遍（新概念3经典长难句理清逻辑关系分析法）

新概念3背了50遍（新概念3经典长难句理清逻辑关系分析法）定语从句who always cuts out from newspapers sketches of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money.修饰宾语：someone宾语：someone 这句话翻译看起来，有点别扭，这样翻译的话，if she had the money.就是cuts out的条件状语从句了，果真如此吗？实际上，she would like to buy if she had the money.是一个组合意群，这if she had the money是she would like to buy的条件状语从句，且用了虚拟语气。句子主干：I know someone谓语：know

I know someone who always cuts out from newspapers sketches of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money.(New concept English 3 L59 )

原译：

我知道有个人，她总是从报纸上剪下喜欢购买的时装图样设计，如果她有钱的话。

长难句逻辑关系分析：

这句话翻译看起来，有点别扭，这样翻译的话，if she had the money.就是cuts out的条件状语从句了，果真如此吗？实际上，she would like to buy if she had the money.是一个组合意群，这if she had the money是she would like to buy的条件状语从句，且用了虚拟语气。

句子主干：I know someone

谓语：know

宾语：someone

定语从句who always cuts out from newspapers sketches of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money.修饰宾语：someone

定语从句中sketches of model clothes是谓语cuts out的宾语；在这宾语从句中from newspapers又是状语；

而在定语从句who always cuts out from newspapers sketches of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money.中，that she would like to buy if she had the money.又是修饰clothes的定语从句。而that she would like to buy if she had the money.这个定语从句本身是一个主从复合句，又用了虚拟语气，且带有自己的条件状语从句：if she had the money

定语从句里有定语从句，且这二级定语从句里又是主从复合句，且用了虚拟语气。有点意思，有点难度；难怪新概念的编者也译得这句话不伦不类，贻笑大方。

小编译法：

我知道有一个人，她总是从报纸上剪下那些想在有钱时购买的时装的图样。

词汇积累：

sketch

[sketʃ]

n.素描;速写;草图;幽默短剧;小品;简报;概述

v.画素描;画速写;概述;简述

I usually do a few very rough sketches before I start on a painting.

我开始作画之前通常要画几幅草图。

I had a basic sketch of a plan.

我有一个基本的计划框架。

I always sketch with pen and paper.

我总是用钢笔和纸画素描。

She sketched out her plan for tackling the problem.

她简要叙述了解决问题的计划。

语法难点：

if引导的虚拟语气条件状语从句用法

1对将来情况的虚拟

在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语动词可用should do were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示，但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do 的可能性最小。

主句：主语＋would/should/might/could＋动词原形

从句：should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形。

Eg：If he should go to Harvard University he would make full use of his time.

如果他要上哈佛大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。

2对现在情况（或一般习惯性经常性情况的）的虚拟

条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，主句用“would/should/might/could 动词原形”形式，表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。

主句：主语＋would/should/might/could＋动词原形

从句：动词过去式

Eg：If he studied at this school he would know the environment around the school very much.

如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会很了解周边环境。

今天的长难句例句就是这种情况。

3对过去情况的虚拟

条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式，主语用“would/could/should/might have 动词的过去分词”形式。

提出过去的未发生的条件

主句：主语＋would/should/might/could have＋动词过去分词

从句：had＋动词过去分词

Eg：If I had read the book I would have told you about it.

如果我读过这本书，我早就告诉你了。