心理学论文选题注意事项怎么写（备考干货A-level心理学）

心理学论文选题注意事项怎么写（备考干货A-level心理学）References to specific studies (i.e. names and dates) should be stated where possible to provide support for the argument. In a good essay the relationship between data and theory should be made clear.心理学的一个主要特点是，对行为的独立观察（通常，尽管不总是由实验提供）为建立和评估理论提供了基础。The writing style should be clear and straightforward using good grammar and appropriate vocabulary.写作风格应清晰明了，使用良好的语法和适当的词汇。A key feature of Psychol

A good essay on a topic within Psychology has many positive attributes. These guidelines will provide you with a clear idea of what these attributes are in order to achieve your full potential with your studies.

一篇好的心理学论文有许多积极的特点。这些指导原则将使你清楚地了解这些属性是什么，以便在学习中充分发挥你的潜力。

1. Relevance 相关性

Not only should all material be relevant to the question/statement to be evaluated but the way in which it is relevant should be made clear and precise. A good starting point is to read the question and underline the key words. Try and include these key words in both your introduction and concluding paragraph.

所有材料不仅应与要评估的问题/陈述相关，而且应明确和准确地说明其相关方式。一个好的出发点是阅读问题并划出关键词。试着在你的介绍和结论段落中包括这些关键词。

2. Structure 结构

• The essay should have a logical structure which is clearly reflected in the paragraph structure. 文章应该有一个合乎逻辑的结构，这在段落结构中得到了明确的体现。
• The opening paragraph should effectively set the framework for the rest of the essay. Avoid opening essays with overly general statements; focus immediately on the rest of the text. 开头一段应有效地为文章的其他部分设定框架。避免以过于笼统的陈述作为文章的开篇；应立即将重点放在文章的其他部分。
• Points made within a particular paragraph should always be relevant to the essay question and be related to one another. 在某一特定段落中提出的观点应始终与文章问题相关，并相互关联。
• The relationship between material in neighbouring paragraphs should be made clear possibly by use of bridging statements such as 'Further evidence suggests...' and 'A contrasting view...'. Make sure that the reader is likely to know exactly what point is being made at any time. 相邻段落的材料之间的关系应该明确，可以使用衔接语句，如 "进一步的证据表明...... "和 "一个对比性的观点......"。确保读者在任何时候都能清楚地知道所要表达的是什么观点。
• The final paragraph should provide a summary of the main conclusions of the essay and may point to areas of future research which are likely to advance understanding of the specific topic addressed in the essay. 最后一段应该对文章的主要结论进行总结，并可以指出未来的研究领域，这些领域可能会促进对文章中所涉及的特定主题的理解。

3. Literary Form 文学形式

The writing style should be clear and straightforward using good grammar and appropriate vocabulary.

写作风格应清晰明了，使用良好的语法和适当的词汇。

4. Use of Evidence 证据的使用

A key feature of Psychology is that independent observations of behaviour (often although not always provided by experiments) provide the basis for building and evaluating theories.

心理学的一个主要特点是，对行为的独立观察（通常，尽管不总是由实验提供）为建立和评估理论提供了基础。

References to specific studies (i.e. names and dates) should be stated where possible to provide support for the argument. In a good essay the relationship between data and theory should be made clear.

在可能的情况下，应说明具体研究的参考资料（即名称和日期），以便为论点提供支持。在一篇好的文章中，应该明确数据和理论之间的关系。

It is important to demonstrate an understanding that more than one theory can account for the same set of data and to understand that no theory can ever be 'proved' although it may be preferred over other accounts by particular evidence.

重要的是，要表现出对一个以上的理论可以解释同一组数据的理解，并理解没有任何理论可以被 "证明"，尽管它可能比其他说法更受特定证据的青睐。

5. Critical Analysis 批判性分析

An excellent essay should evaluate data and theory which goes beyond simple description.

一篇优秀的论文应该评估数据和理论，这超出了简单的描述。

Here are some ways in which this may be done 以下是一些可以做到这一点的方法 :

1. A brief description of a key experimental finding may be followed by an analysis of the shortcomings of the method. 简要描述一个关键的实验结果后，可以分析该方法的缺点。
2. Two theories may be briefly described and then contrasted with one another. Are they basically different or not or are they formally equal? What are their distinguishing features? 可以简要描述两种理论，然后相互对比。它们是否有本质上的区别，或者它们在形式上是否平等？它们有什么显著的特点？

6. References 参考文献

Science is a social activity and knowledge is gained through two routes: a) data obtained from practical studies and (b) theoretical ideas developed to account for patterns in the practical data. As noted in section 4 references to specific studies must be provided to support all statements that make use of other people's ideas and data.

科学是一种社会活动，知识是通过两种途径获得的：a）从实践研究中获得的数据和（b）为解释实践数据中的模式而提出的理论观点。如第4节所述，必须提供具体研究的参考资料，以支持所有利用他人的观点和数据的陈述。

At the end of the essay there could also be a special reference section that collects together and identifies the sources for all the published material cited in the text allowing the reader to access further information about the study or theoretical statement.

在文章的结尾，还可以有一个专门的参考资料部分，将文中引用的所有已发表材料的来源收集在一起并加以标识，使读者能够获得有关该研究或理论陈述的进一步信息。