中文常用动词3000个(动词的分类)
中文常用动词3000个(动词的分类)有些动词既可以作及物动词,又可以作不及物动词。如:【注意】David speaks Chinese very well.大卫中文说的很好。Millions of soldiers died in the war.数百万人在战争中死亡。It rained heavily last nigth.昨晚雨下得很大。
考点一 动词的分类
动词分分为四大类:
1.行为动词
行为动词有完整的词义,并能单独作谓语,所以它又称为实义动词。行为动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分及物动词和不及物动词及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词需要有宾语才能表达完整的意思,如buy like kill catch give等;不及物动词不需要带宾语,本身就能表达完整的意思,如die rain work等。例:
He bought a new dictionary yesterday.他昨天买了本新字典。
David speaks Chinese very well.大卫中文说的很好。
Millions of soldiers died in the war.数百万人在战争中死亡。
It rained heavily last nigth.昨晚雨下得很大。
【注意】
有些动词既可以作及物动词,又可以作不及物动词。如:
The rain stopped five minutes ago.雨五分钟前停了。(不及物动词)
I stopped a woman and asked him the way to the post office.我拦住一个女士,向她询问去邮局得路。(及物动词)
My little sister can sing very well.我小妹妹唱歌不错。(不及物动词)
Mary can sing some Chinese songs.玛丽能唱一些中文歌曲。(及物动词)
2. 系动词
系动词虽然有词义,当不完整,所以在句中要和表语一起作谓语。最常见的系动词是be 此外,还有look get seem turn become sound feel taste smell stay等。例:
They are teachers.他们是老师。
The flowers look very beautiful.那些花看上去很漂亮。
The music sounds very sweet.音乐听起来很悦耳。
I felt very nervous when I began to talk.开始演讲的时候,我感到很紧张。
The teacher seemed very angry.那个老师似乎很生气。
【注意】
be动词后面可以跟名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式等作表语。而look get seem turn become sound feel taste smell stay等词后面只能跟形容词作表语。
3.助动词
助动词本身没有词义,只能和主要动词一起作谓语,起到构成时态、语态、疑问句和否定句的作用。助动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。常见的助动词有be have do等。例:
He is playing football on the playground now.他正在操场上踢足球。
Does your teacher come from Anhui? 你老师来自安徽吗?
I have written three letters to him.我已经给他写了三封信。
Don’t talk loudly in the classroom.别在教室里大声喧哗。
He was sent to teach English in a village school.他被派往一所乡村学校任教。
4.情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的看法或态度,如 “可能”、“应该”、“必须”等。情态动词本身有一定的词义,但不完整,本能单独使用,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面跟动词原形。常见的情态动词有can could may must will should would need will 等。后面有专门专题对情态动词予以讲解,故于此不多赘述。
rsio