过去分词及现在分词的用法(现在分词和过去分词的区分及具体用法)
过去分词及现在分词的用法(现在分词和过去分词的区分及具体用法)这句话中有三个现在分词leaving,speeding和heading,分析句子,is speeding是真正的谓语动词,speeding是“女朋友”,is是“结婚证”,合在一起就是“老婆”(谓语动词)。leaving the station是现在分词做the train的后置定语,heading for Beijing是现在分词做整个句子的伴随状语。③The train is heading for Beijing. 离开车站的火车正缓慢地驶向北京。①The train is leaving the station.②The train is speeding slowly.
Hello大家好,我是木仓哥。今天这篇文章是要教大家一分钟顿悟现在分词和过去分词。
上节课我们学习了不定式和动名词的区别,这节课我们将讲解现在分词和过去分词的区别,依旧采取对比分析的方式。现在分词和过去分词都可以承担表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语这四个成分,但其表达的意思完全不同,同学们要注意甄别。
核心讲解:(一)现在分词做后置定语、伴随状语
1. The train leaving the station is speeding slowly heading for Beijing.
离开车站的火车正缓慢地驶向北京。
①The train is leaving the station.
②The train is speeding slowly.
③The train is heading for Beijing.
这句话中有三个现在分词leaving,speeding和heading,分析句子,is speeding是真正的谓语动词,speeding是“女朋友”,is是“结婚证”,合在一起就是“老婆”(谓语动词)。leaving the station是现在分词做the train的后置定语,heading for Beijing是现在分词做整个句子的伴随状语。
动词 ing形式,做主语、表语、宾语的时候是动名词,做谓语、定语、状语的时候是现在分词。
(二)过去分词做后置定语、伴随状语
1. English spokenby the British is nowused worldwide learnedeverywhere.
英语现在正在被全世界范围内使用。
①Englishis spokenby the British.
②English isnowusedworldwide.
③English is learned everywhere.
这句话中有三个过去分词spoken,used和learned,分析句子,is used是谓语动词(有“女朋友”used,有“结婚证”is)。spoken是后置定语修饰English,learned是伴随状语修饰整个句子。
了解了现在分词和过去分词做后置定语和伴随状语的基本情况,我们来看其是如何构成的:
1. 我们是休戚与共的兄弟。
这句话我们可以拆分为两句:
①我们是兄弟
We are brothers.
②我们休戚与共。
We are sharing happiness and sadness.
句子②做后置定语修饰“兄弟”,合译成一句话,就是要把句子②和句子①重合的主语we去掉,将谓语动词are sharing改为非谓语动词sharing(去除are),再置于其所修饰的brothers之后,成为:
① ②→We are brothers sharing happiness and sadness.
再如:我们是正在准备考试的学生。
这句话可以拆分译为:
①We are the students. ②We are preparing for the test.
最后将两个句子整合为:
① ②→We are the students preparing for the test.
2. 恐怖分子走进了车站,手里拿着一把枪。
这个句子可以拆分为两个句子:
①恐怖分子走进了车站。
The terrorist walked into the station.
②恐怖分子手里拿着一把枪。
The terrorist had a pistol in his hand.
句子②是伴随状语,要合成一句话,就是要把句子②和句子①重合的the terrorist去掉,将谓语动词had改为非谓语动词having,构成:
① ②→The terrorist walked into the station having a pistol in his hand.
3. 战争中获得的经验对我们将会有重大价值。
这个句子我们可以拆分为两句:
①经验对我们将会有重大价值
The experience will be greatly valuable to us.
②经验是从战争中获得的。
The experience is gained in the war.
句子②做后置定语修饰the experience,要合成一句话,就是要把句子②和句子①重合的the experience去掉,将谓语动is gained改为非谓语动词gained(去除is),构成:
① ②→The experience gained in the war will be greatly valuable to us.
4. 从山上看,这座城市非常壮观。
这个句子我们可以拆分为两句:
①这座城市非常壮观。
The city looks magnificent.
②从山上看这座城市。
The city is seen from the hill.
句子②是伴随状语,要合成一句话,就是要把句子②和句子①重合的the city去掉,将谓语动词is seen改为非谓语动词seen(去掉is),构成:
① ②→Seen from the hill,the city looks magnificent(壮观的).
典例精讲:
1. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
答案:A
解析:这题考察分词做定语,分词修饰的主语people和分词invite构成被动关系,排除B和D;又因为C选项being invited 表示正在进行时的被动形式,选A。句子意思:大多数被邀请过来的人都是著名科学家。
2. many times but he still couldn’t understand it.
A.Having being told B. Though had been told
C. He was told D. Having told
答案:C
解析:这题考察句子结构和连词。因为后面有连词but,所以前面应该是一个句子,A和D都是非谓语动词,B选项中though和but不能连用,选C。句子意思:虽然被告知了好几次,他还是不明白。
3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path.
A.to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest
答案: C
解析:这题考察不定式做宾语,这里表示她停止爬山这个动作,然后休息一下,表示停下来去做另一件事,后面接不定式,选C。句子意思:她到了山顶后,在路边的一个大岩石上休息起来。
4. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talk that he had enjoy his stay here.
A.having added B. to add C. adding D. added
答案: C
解析:这题考察分词做状语。这里是说这个部长在表示开心的同时也表达了他很享受这次访问,主语Minister和非谓语add构成主动关系,为现在分词做伴随状语,选C。句子意思:来访问的大臣表达了他很开心能进行这次对话,同时也表达了他很享受在这儿的访问。
5. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself .
A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D. heard
答案:D
解析:这题考察分词做宾补。宾语himself和分词hear构成被动关系,表示使他被听到,应该用过去分词,选D。句子意思:那个讲话者提高了嗓门,但还是不能让自己被听见。