centos为什么停服（CENTOS断更之后该何去何从）
centos为什么停服（CENTOS断更之后该何去何从）
概述自 2006 年 Oracle Linux 推出以来，Oracle Linux 一直完全免费下载和使用，无需任何许可费用。Oracle 为完整的操作环境提供支持，该环境提供集成的虚拟化、管理和云原生计算工具套件，以及 Linx 操作系统。我们知道自从CENTOS断更之后，Oracle Linux，是一个可选项，那么对于目前存量系统，如何从centos一键迁移到oracle Linux呢？今天分享一键迁移脚本，让你轻松过渡至Oracle Linux
一键迁移脚本#!/bin/bash
# Copyright (c) 2020 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
# Licensed under the Universal Permissive License v 1.0 as shown at https://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl.
#
# Script to switch CentOS (or other similar distribution) to the
# Oracle Linux Yum repository.
#
set -e
unset CDPATH
yum_url=https://yum.oracle.com
GitHub_url=https://github.com/oracle/centos2ol/
arch=$(uname -m)
bad_packages=(centos-backgrounds centos-gpg-keys centos-logos centos-release centos-release-cr desktop-backgrounds-basic \
centos-release-advanced-virtualization centos-release-ansible26 centos-release-ansible-27 \
centos-release-ansible-28 centos-release-ansible-29 centos-release-azure \
centos-release-ceph-jewel centos-release-ceph-luminous centos-release-ceph-nautilus \
centos-release-ceph-octopus centos-release-configmanagement centos-release-dotnet centos-release-fdio \
centos-release-gluster40 centos-release-gluster41 centos-release-gluster5 \
centos-release-gluster6 centos-release-gluster7 centos-release-gluster8 \
centos-release-gluster-legacy centos-release-messaging centos-release-nfs-ganesha28 \
centos-release-nfs-ganesha30 centos-release-nfv-common \
centos-release-nfv-openvswitch centos-release-openshift-origin centos-release-openstack-queens \
centos-release-openstack-rocky centos-release-openstack-stein centos-release-openstack-train \
centos-release-openstack-ussuri centos-release-opstools centos-release-ovirt42 centos-release-ovirt43 \
centos-release-ovirt44 centos-release-paas-common centos-release-qemu-ev centos-release-qpid-proton \
centos-release-rabbitmq-38 centos-release-samba411 centos-release-samba412 \
centos-release-scl centos-release-scl-rh centos-release-storage-common \
centos-release-virt-common centos-release-xen centos-release-xen-410 \
centos-release-xen-412 centos-release-xen-46 centos-release-xen-48 centos-release-xen-common \
libreport-centos libreport-plugin-mantisbt libreport-plugin-rhtsupport python3-syspurpose \
python-oauth rocky-backgrounds rocky-gpg-keys rocky-logos rocky-release sl-logos yum-rhn-plugin)
usage() {
echo "Usage: ${0##*/} [OPTIONS]"
echo
echo "OPTIONS"
echo "-h"
echo " Display this help and exit"
echo "-k"
echo " Do not install the UEK kernel and disable UEK repos"
echo "-r"
echo " Reinstall all CentOS RPMs with Oracle Linux RPMs"
echo " Note: This is not necessary for support"
echo "-V"
echo " Verify RPM information before and after the switch"
exit 1
} >&2
have_program() {
hash "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1
}
dep_check() {
if ! have_program "$1"; then
exit_message "'${1}' command not found. Please install or add it to your PATH and try again."
fi
}
exit_message() {
echo "$1"
echo "For assistance please open an issue via GitHub: ${github_url}."
exit 1
} >&2
final_failure() {
echo "An error occurred while attempting to switch this system to Oracle Linux and it may be in an unstable/unbootable state. To avoid further issues the script has terminated."
}
generate_rpms_info() {
echo "Creating a list of RPMs installed $1 the switch"
rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}-%{EPOCH}:%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}.%{ARCH}|%{INSTALLTIME}|%{VENDOR}|%{BUILDTIME}|%{BUILDHOST}|%{SOURCERPM}|%{LICENSE}|%{PACKAGER}\n" | sed 's/(none)://g' | sort > "/var/tmp/$(hostname)-rpms-list-$1.log"
echo "Verifying RPMs installed $1 the switch against RPM database"
rpm -Va | sort -k3 > "/var/tmp/$(hostname)-rpms-verified-$1.log"
}
## Start of script
reinstall_all_rpms=false
verify_all_rpms=false
install_uek_kernel=true
while getopts "hrkV" option; do
case "$option" in
h) usage ;;
r) reinstall_all_rpms=true ;;
k) install_uek_kernel=false ;;
V) verify_all_rpms=true ;;
*) usage ;;
esac
done
# Force the UEK on Arm hosts
if [ "$arch" == "aarch64" ]; then
install_uek_kernel=true
fi
if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
exit_message "You must run this script as root.
Try running 'su -c ${0}'."
fi
echo "Checking for required packages..."
for pkg in rpm yum curl; do
dep_check "${pkg}"
done
echo "Checking your distribution..."
if ! old_release=$(rpm -q --whatprovides /etc/redhat-release); then
exit_message "You appear to be running an unsupported distribution."
fi
if [ "$(echo "${old_release}" | wc -l)" -ne 1 ]; then
exit_message "Could not determine your distribution because multiple
packages are providing redhat-release:
$old_release
"
fi
# Collect information about RPMs before the switch
if "${verify_all_rpms}"; then
generate_rpms_info before
fi
case "${old_release}" in
redhat-release*) ;;
centos-release* | centos-linux-release*) ;;
rocky-release*) ;;
sl-release*) ;;
oraclelinux-release*|enterprise-release*)
exit_message "You appear to be already running Oracle Linux."
;;
*) exit_message "You appear to be running an unsupported distribution." ;;
esac
os_version=$(rpm -q "${old_release}" --qf "%{version}")
major_os_version=${os_version:0:1}
if "${install_uek_kernel}"; then
base_packages=(basesystem initscripts oracle-logos kernel-uek)
else
base_packages=(basesystem initscripts oracle-logos)
fi
case "$os_version" in
8*)
repo_file=public-yum-ol8.repo
new_releases=(oraclelinux-release oraclelinux-release-el8 redhat-release)
base_packages=("${base_packages[@]}" plymouth grub2 grubby)
;;
7*)
repo_file=public-yum-ol7.repo
new_releases=(oraclelinux-release oraclelinux-release-el7 redhat-release-server)
base_packages=("${base_packages[@]}" plymouth grub2 grubby)
;;
6*)
repo_file=public-yum-ol6.repo
new_releases=(oraclelinux-release oraclelinux-release-el6 redhat-release-server)
base_packages=("${base_packages[@]}" oraclelinux-release-notes plymouth grub grubby)
;;
*) exit_message "You appear to be running an unsupported distribution." ;;
esac
# Some packages need to be replaced as part of switch
# Store as key value if the first RPM is found then it's removed and the associated RPM installed
declare -A packages_to_replace=(
[epel-release]="oracle-epel-release-el${major_os_version}"
)
# Switch RPMs if they're installed
for package_name in "${!packages_to_replace[@]}"; do
if rpm -q "${package_name}" ; then
bad_packages =("${package_name}")
base_packages =("${packages_to_replace[${package_name}]}")
fi
done
echo "Checking for yum lock..."
if [ -f /var/run/yum.pid ]; then
yum_lock_pid=$(cat /var/run/yum.pid)
yum_lock_comm=$(cat "/proc/${yum_lock_pid}/comm")
exit_message "Another app is currently holding the yum lock.
The other application is: $yum_lock_comm
Running as pid: $yum_lock_pid
Run 'kill $yum_lock_pid' to stop it then run this script again."
fi
echo "Checking for required python packages..."
case "$os_version" in
8*)
dep_check /usr/libexec/platform-python
;;
*)
dep_check python2
;;
esac
if [[ "$os_version" =~ 8.* ]]; then
echo "Identifying dnf modules that are enabled"
# There are a few dnf modules that are named after the distribution
# for each steam named 'rhel' or 'rhel8' we need to make alterations to 'ol' or 'ol8'
# Before we start the switch identify if there are any present we don't know how to handle
mapfile -t modules_enabled < <(dnf module list --enabled | grep rhel | awk '{print $1}')
if [[ "${modules_enabled[*]}" ]]; then
# Create an array of modules we don't know how to manage
unknown_modules=()
for module in "${modules_enabled[@]}"; do
case ${module} in
container-tools|go-toolset|jmc|llvm-toolset|rust-toolset|virt)
;;
*)
# Add this module name to our array of modules we don't know how to manage
unknown_modules =("${module}")
;;
esac
done
# If we have any modules we don't know how to manage ask the user how to proceed
if [ ${#unknown_modules[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
echo "This tool is unable to automatically switch module(s) '${unknown_modules[*]}' from a CentOS 'rhel' stream to
an Oracle Linux equivalent. Do you want to continue and resolve it manually?
You may want select No to stop and raise an issue on ${github_url} for advice."
select yn in "Yes" "No"; do
case $yn in
Yes )
break
;;
No )
echo "Unsure how to switch module(s) '${unknown_modules[*]}'. Exiting as requested"
exit 1
;;
esac
done
fi
fi
fi
echo "Finding your repository directory..."
case "$os_version" in
8*)
reposdir=$(/usr/libexec/platform-python -c "
import dnf
import os
dir = dnf.Base().conf.get_reposdir
if os.path.isdir(dir):
print(dir)
")
;;
*)
reposdir=$(python2 -c "
import yum
import os
for dir in yum.YumBase().doConfigSetup(init_plugins=False).reposdir:
if os.path.isdir(dir):
print dir
break
")
;;
esac
echo "Learning which repositories are enabled..."
case "$os_version" in
8*)
enabled_repos=$(/usr/libexec/platform-python -c "
import dnf
base = dnf.Base()
base.read_all_repos()
for repo in base.repos.iter_enabled():
print(repo.id)
")
;;
*)
enabled_repos=$(python2 -c "
import yum
base = yum.YumBase()
base.doConfigSetup(init_plugins=False)
for repo in base.repos.listEnabled():
print repo
")
;;
esac
echo -e "Repositories enabled before update include:\n${enabled_repos}"
if [ -z "${reposdir}" ]; then
exit_message "Could not locate your repository directory."
fi
cd "$reposdir"
# No https://yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol8.repo file exists
# Download the content for 6 and 7 based systems and directly enter the content for 8 based systems
case "$os_version" in
8*)
cat > "switch-to-oraclelinux.repo" <<-'EOF'
[ol8_baseos_latest]
name=Oracle Linux 8 BaseOS Latest ($basearch)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/baseos/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
[ol8_appstream]
name=Oracle Linux 8 Application Stream ($basearch)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/appstream/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
EOF
if [ "$arch" == "x86_64" ]; then
cat >> "switch-to-oraclelinux.repo" <<-'EOF'
[ol8_UEKR6]
name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 6 for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/UEKR6/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
EOF
fi
;;
*)
echo "Downloading Oracle Linux yum repository file..."
if ! curl -o "switch-to-oraclelinux.repo" "${yum_url}/${repo_file}"; then
exit_message "Could not download $repo_file from $yum_url.
Are you behind a proxy? If so make sure the 'http_proxy' environment
variable is set with your proxy address."
fi
;;
esac
echo "Looking for yumdownloader..."
if ! have_program yumdownloader; then
# CentOS 6 mirrors are now offline if yumdownloader tool is not present then
# use OL6 as source for yum-utils and disable all other repos.
# Use the existing distributions copy for other platforms
case "$os_version" in
6*)
curl -o /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle https://yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
yum -y install yum-utils --disablerepo \* --enablerepo ol6_latest || true
;;
*)
yum -y install yum-utils --disablerepo ol\* || true
;;
esac
dep_check yumdownloader
fi
cd "$(mktemp -d)"
trap final_failure ERR
# Most distros keep their /etc/yum.repos.d content in the -release rpm. CentOS 8 does not and the behaviour changes between
# minor releases; 8.0 uses 'centos-repos' while 8.3 uses 'centos-linux-repos' glob for simplicity.
if [[ $old_release =~ ^centos-release-8.* ]] || [[ $old_release =~ ^centos-linux-release-8.* ]]; then
old_release=$(rpm -qa centos*repos)
fi
# Most distros keep their /etc/yum.repos.d content in the -release rpm. Rocky Linux 8 does not.
if [[ $old_release =~ ^rocky-release-8.* ]]; then
old_release=$(rpm -qa rocky*repos)
fi
echo "Backing up and removing old repository files..."
# Identify repo files from the base OS
rpm -ql "$old_release" | grep '\.repo$' > repo_files
# Identify repo files from 'CentOS extras'
if [ "$(rpm -qa "centos-release-*" | wc -l)" -gt 0 ] ; then
rpm -qla "centos-release-*" | grep '\.repo$' >> repo_files
fi
while read -r repo; do
if [ -f "$repo" ]; then
cat - "$repo" > "$repo".disabled <<EOF
# This is a yum repository file that was disabled by
# ${0##*/} a script to convert CentOS to Oracle Linux.
# Please see $yum_url for more information.
EOF
tmpfile=$(mktemp repo.XXXXX)
echo "$repo" | cat - "$repo" > "$tmpfile"
rm "$repo"
fi
done < repo_files
# Disable the explicit distroverpkg as centos-release provides the correct value
# for system-release(releasever).
# See https://github.com/oracle/centos2ol/issues/53
echo "Removing CentOS-specific yum configuration from /etc/yum.conf"
sed -i.bak -e 's/^distroverpkg/#&/g' -e 's/^bugtracker_url/#&/g' /etc/yum.conf
echo "Downloading Oracle Linux release package..."
if ! yumdownloader "${new_releases[@]}"; then
{
echo "Could not download the following packages from $yum_url:"
echo "${new_releases[@]}"
echo
echo "Are you behind a proxy? If so make sure the 'http_proxy' environment"
echo "variable is set with your proxy address."
} >&2
final_failure
fi
echo "Switching old release package with Oracle Linux..."
rpm -i --force "${new_releases[@]/%/*.rpm}"
rpm -e --nodeps "$old_release"
rm -f "${reposdir}/switch-to-oraclelinux.repo"
# Disable UEK repos if UEK kernel is not being installed
if ! "${install_uek_kernel}"; then
echo "Disabling UEK repositories since we are not installing the UEK kernel"
yum-config-manager --disable \*UEK*
fi
# At this point the switch is completed.
trap - ERR
# When an additional enabled CentOS repository has a match with Oracle Linux
# then automatically enable the OL repository to ensure the RPM is maintained
#
# Create an associate array where the key is the CentOS reponame and the value
# contains the method of getting the content (Enable a repo or install an RPM)
# and the details of the repo or RPM
case "$os_version" in
6*)
declare -A repositories=(
[base-debuginfo]="REPO https://oss.oracle.com/ol6/debuginfo/"
[updates]="REPO ol6_latest"
)
;;
7*)
declare -A repositories=(
[base-debuginfo]="REPO https://oss.oracle.com/ol7/debuginfo/"
[updates]="REPO ol7_latest ol7_optional_latest"
[centos-ceph-jewel]="RPM oracle-ceph-release-el7"
[centos-gluster41]="RPM oracle-gluster-release-el7"
[centos-gluster5]="RPM oracle-gluster-release-el7"
[centos-gluster46]="RPM oracle-gluster-release-el7"
[centos-nfs-ganesha30]="RPM oracle-gluster-release-el7"
[centos-ovirt42]="RPM oracle-ovirt-release-el7"
[centos-ovirt43]="RPM oracle-ovirt-release-el7"
[centos-sclo-sclo]="RPM oracle-softwarecollection-release-el7"
[centos-sclo-rh]="RPM oracle-softwarecollection-release-el7"
)
;;
8*)
declare -A repositories=(
[AppStream]="REPO ol8_appstream"
[appstream]="REPO ol8_appstream"
[BaseOS]="REPO ol8_baseos_latest"
[baseos]="REPO ol8_baseos_latest"
[HighAvailability]="REPO ol8_addons"
[ha]="REPO ol8_addons"
[PowerTools]="REPO ol8_codeready_builder"
[powertools]="REPO ol8_codeready_builder"
[centos-release-nfs-ganesha28]="RPM oracle-gluster-release-el8"
[centos-gluster6-test]="RPM oracle-gluster-release-el8"
[centos-gluster7]="RPM oracle-gluster-release-el8"
[centos-gluster8]="RPM oracle-gluster-release-el8"
)
;;
esac
# For each entry in the list enable it
for reponame in ${enabled_repos}; do
# action[0] will be REPO or RPM
# action[1] will be the repos details or the RPMs name
IFS=" " read -r -a action <<< "${repositories[${reponame}]}"
if [[ -n ${action[0]} ]]; then
if [ "${action[0]}" == "REPO" ] ; then
matching_repo=${action[1]}
echo "Enabling ${matching_repo} which replaces ${reponame}"
# An RPM that describes debuginfo repository does not exist
# check to see if the repo id starts with https if it does then
# create a new repo pointing to the repository
if [[ ${matching_repo} =~ https.* ]]; then
yum-config-manager --add-repo "${matching_repo}"
else
yum-config-manager --enable "${matching_repo}"
fi
elif [ "${action[0]}" == "RPM" ] ; then
matching_rpm=${action[1]}
echo "Installing ${matching_rpm} to get content that replaces ${reponame}"
yum --assumeyes --disablerepo "*" --enablerepo "ol*_latest" install "${matching_rpm}"
fi
fi
done
echo "Installing base packages for Oracle Linux..."
if ! yum shell -y <<EOF
remove ${bad_packages[@]}
install ${base_packages[@]}
run
EOF
then
exit_message "Could not install base packages.
Run 'yum distro-sync' to manually install them."
fi
if [ -x /usr/libexec/plymouth/plymouth-update-initrd ]; then
echo "Updating initrd..."
/usr/libexec/plymouth/plymouth-update-initrd
fi
echo "Switch successful. Syncing with Oracle Linux repositories."
if ! yum -y distro-sync; then
exit_message "Could not automatically sync with Oracle Linux repositories.
Check the output of 'yum distro-sync' to manually resolve the issue."
fi
# CentOS specific replacements
case "$os_version" in
7*)
# Prior to switch this is a dependancy of the yum rpm now we've switched we can remove it
if rpm -q yum-plugin-fastestmirror; then
yum erase -y yum-plugin-fastestmirror
fi
;;
8*)
# There are a few dnf modules that are named after the distribution
# for each steam named 'rhel' or 'rhel8' perform a module reset and enable
if [[ "${modules_enabled[*]}" ]]; then
for module in "${modules_enabled[@]}"; do
dnf module reset -y "${module}"
case ${module} in
container-tools|go-toolset|jmc|llvm-toolset|rust-toolset)
dnf module enable -y "${module}":ol8
;;
virt)
dnf module enable -y "${module}":ol
;;
*)
echo "Unsure how to transform module ${module}"
;;
esac
done
dnf --assumeyes --disablerepo "*" --enablerepo "ol8_appstream" update
fi
# Two logo RPMs aren't currently covered by 'replaces' metadata replace by hand.
if rpm -q centos-logos-ipa; then
dnf swap -y centos-logos-ipa oracle-logos-ipa
fi
if rpm -q centos-logos-httpd; then
dnf swap -y centos-logos-httpd oracle-logos-httpd
fi
;;
esac
if "${reinstall_all_rpms}"; then
echo "Testing for remaining CentOS RPMs"
# If CentOS and Oracle Linux have identically versioned RPMs then those RPMs are left unchanged.
# This should have no technical impact but for completeness reinstall these RPMs
# so there is no accidental cross pollination.
case "$arch" in
x86_64)
mapfile -t list_of_centos_rpms < <(rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} %{VENDOR}\n" | grep CentOS | awk '{print $1}')
;;
aarch64)
mapfile -t list_of_centos_rpms < <(rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} %{VENDOR}\n" | grep CentOS | grep -v kernel | awk '{print $1}')
;;
esac
if [[ -n "${list_of_centos_rpms[*]}" ]] && [[ "${list_of_centos_rpms[*]}" -ne 0 ]]; then
echo "Reinstalling RPMs: ${list_of_centos_rpms[*]}"
yum --assumeyes --disablerepo "*" --enablerepo "ol*" reinstall "${list_of_centos_rpms[@]}"
fi
# See if non-Oracle RPMs are present and print them
mapfile -t non_oracle_rpms < <(rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}|%{VENDOR}|%{PACKAGER}\n" |grep -v Oracle)
if [[ -n "${non_oracle_rpms[*]}" ]]; then
echo "The following non-Oracle RPMs are installed on the system:"
printf '\t%s\n' "${non_oracle_rpms[@]}"
echo "This may be expected of your environment and does not necessarily indicate a problem."
echo "If a large number of CentOS RPMs are included and you're unsure why please open an issue on ${github_url}"
fi
fi
echo "Sync successful."
if [ "$arch" == "aarch64" ]; then
echo "Host is running an Arm CPU: removing RHCK."
echo "Important: you MUST reboot this instance as soon as possible."
dnf config-manager --setopt=protect_running_kernel=0 --save
dnf -y remove kernel kernel-core kernel-modules
dnf config-manager --setopt=protect_running_kernel=1 --save
fi
case "$os_version" in
7* | 8*)
echo "Updating the GRUB2 bootloader."
if [ -d /sys/firmware/efi ]; then
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg
else
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
fi
;;
esac
if "${install_uek_kernel}"; then
echo "Switching default boot kernel to the UEK."
uek_path=$(find /boot -name "vmlinuz-*.el${os_version}uek.${arch}")
grubby --set-default="${uek_path}"
fi
echo "Removing yum cache"
rm -rf /var/cache/{yum dnf}
# Collect information about RPMs after the switch
if "${verify_all_rpms}"; then
generate_rpms_info after
echo "Review the output of following files:"
find /var/tmp/ -type f -name "$(hostname)-rpms-*.log"
fi
echo "Switch complete."
case "$arch" in
"x86_64")
echo "Oracle recommends rebooting this system."
;;
"aarch64")
echo "This instance must be rebooted as soon as possible."
;;
esac小结
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