语法系统图解（轻松建立语法框架）
语法系统图解（轻松建立语法框架）③ 语言是创造的东西，请不要死抠语。（谓语单一原则）Grammar is all about sentences.② 英语句子的黄金法则：英语句子有且仅有1个谓语动词。
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简单易懂，看完这一篇，轻松建立语法框架！
一、语法的核心原则：
① 句子是语言的基本单位。
Grammar is all about sentences.
② 英语句子的黄金法则：
英语句子有且仅有1个谓语动词。
（谓语单一原则）
③ 语言是创造的东西，请不要死抠语。
方法论: 用句子建立语法框架。
二、英语句子：
三、简单句的五种类型：
语序：英语简单句的语序和中文是一致的。
简单句的五种类型，如下图：
5种简单句中高频的谓语动词：
① 主谓
主谓这个简单句中，谓语动词属于不及物动词，意思完整，后面不需要再加什么。
常见的谓语动词有：
cry(哭)、laugh(大笑)、smile(微笑)、dance(跳舞)、swim（游泳）、walk(走路)、
run(跑步)、fail(失败)、fall(摔倒)……
栗子：
Penny sings well. (佩妮唱歌很好听。)
The little baby slept. （小宝宝睡了。)
② 主谓宾
主谓宾是最基本的英文句子。谓语动词属于及物动词，意思不完整，
动词后面需要再加一个对象—宾语。这类的谓语动词很多。
栗子：
①The girl is playing the piano. (这个女孩正在弹钢琴。)
② Grandpa waters flowers every day. (爷爷每天都浇花。)
③ 主谓双宾
有的谓语动词比较专一，只要跟一个对象就够了。
但是有的谓语动词就比较海王，吃着碗里的还看着锅里的。
这些谓语动词动作后面需要加两个对象—两个宾语。
而且经常有2种表达方式。
这类的高频谓语动词主要有：
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人
bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人
owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）
post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听
return sb.sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看
take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人
teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况
throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人
write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信
book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物
cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物
draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物
fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物
find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物
fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物
order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物
pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物
prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物
sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）
spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物
steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物
栗子：
① I cook my mother breakfast. (我为我妈妈做早餐。)
② You send me a letter. (你给我寄了封信。)
④ 主谓宾宾补
有的谓语动词意思表达不完整，需要补充说明宾语对象的具体情况。
这类的高频谓语动词主要有：
⑴ 使奴动词 make have get，let → 使，叫，令，让
make：令…变得…；致使…；迫使…去做；
栗子：
① Junk food will make us fat. (垃圾食品会让我们变胖。)
② He often makes me laugh. (他经常让我发笑。)
③ Nothing can make me change my mind. (什么也不能改变我的想法。)
have：(主动意义)吩咐…，让…，叫（某人）…；(被动意义)遭受 蒙受；
栗子：
① The boss has Tom call me. (老板让汤姆给我打个电话。)
② You had better have your hair cut. (你该理发了。)
③ Amy had her bag stolen. (艾米的包被偷了。)
get：(主动意义)使，让…，说服（某人做某事）…；(被动意义)遭受 被…；
栗子：
① My father was not able to get the car start this morning.
(我爸爸早上没法让小汽车发动起来。)
② I got my friend to help me with my English.
(我让我朋友帮助我学英语。)
③ I must get my hair cut. (我得理发了。)
let：任由…，让…；
栗子：
① Let your body relax. (让你的身体放松。)
② My mother lets the little girl in. (我妈妈让那个小女孩进来。)
⑵ 要求类动词: ask（要求），persuade（说服），force(强迫)，require（需要），
cause（导致），order（命令），want（想要） expect（期望）
allow（允许），advise (建议)… sb.to do
栗子：
①The teacher asked all the students to finish their homework.
(老师要求全体学生完成作业。)
② The general ordered them to fire. (将军命令他们开火。)
③ My parents want me to work hard. (我父母想让我努力学习。)
④ Do you really expect me to believe you? (你真以为我相信你吗？)
⑤ The poor harvest caused the price to rise sharply. (收成不好导致物价飞涨。)
⑥ He advises me to read more books. （他建议我读更多的书。）
⑶ 感官类动词：
see，hear，watch notice sb. do
常常看见、听见、观看、注意某人做
see，hear，watch notice sb. doing
刚好碰巧看见、听见、观看、注意某人正在做
栗子：
① I often see the two old men play Taiji.
(我常常看到那两个老人打太极。)
② Do you hear someone shouting loudly?
(你有没有听见某人在大声喊叫。)
③ Maria saw Sam playing football right now.
（玛丽亚刚才看见萨姆正在踢足球。）
⑷ 认为类动词：
think（认为） believe（相信） consider（认为） find（发现） know（知道）…
it adj./ n. to do
栗子：
① Jeremy considered it a pity to miss the speech.
（杰里米认为错过这次的演讲是个遗憾。）
② I think it impossible to get the job.
(我认为我得到这份工作的可能性太小。)
③People think it lucky to live in China.
（人们认为住在中国是幸运的。） → It is a truth.
⑸ 阻止类动词
stop/prevent/keep sb. (from) doing sth. 预防、阻止某人做某事
forbid sb. to do. 禁止某人去做某事
栗子：
① Nothing can prevent soldiers from going.
(什么都不能阻止士兵们前往。)
② These regulations can prevent from the accidents.
(这些规则可以预防发生意外。)
③ His parents forbid him to play computer games.
（他父母禁止他打电游。）
⑤ 主系表
这个简单句结构中，be动词是万能系动词。
常见的系动词有：
栗子：
① The milk has gone sour. (牛奶发酸了。)
② The light turned red. (红灯了。)
③ It is getting dark. ( 口语化）天黑了。
④ We become good friends.（我们成了好朋友。）
⑤ My little brother fell ill last night.（我弟弟昨晚病倒了。）
四、并列句：
栗子: 新概念二第1课改编
① The play was very amusing but I did not enjoy it.
② I got very angry because a young man and a young woman were talking loudly behind me.
③ I could not bear it so I turn round again.
④ My seat was good and the play was very amusing but I did not enjoy it.
⑤ Though I have a good seat and the play was very interesting I did not enjoy it.
五、主从句：
名词性从句：
① His doctor told him that his operation had been successful.
(宾从，改编自新概念英语2 第39课)
② It is a miracle that his operation had been successful. (主从)
③ The fact that his operation had been successful is a miracle. (同从)
④ The question is whether his operation had been successful.（表从）
⑤ This is the sort of thing that Jeremy loves. (定从，选自新概念英语2 第63课)
⑥ She did not even look up when I took my set beside her.
(状从，选自新概念英语2 第40课)
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