英语动词不定式的句型（英语学办养成记之动词不定式用法详解）
英语动词不定式的句型（英语学办养成记之动词不定式用法详解）（2) Agriculture first started about 10 000 years ago when people began to grow crops in the river valleys of the Nile in Egypt in the Middle East and in India.（1) I have decided to take a lot of cabbage in vinegar.（1) I think it would be a good idea to have comments from secretaries and typists who are already using it.（2) How long will it take you to complete the trip?2.不定式做宾语。
不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一，具有名词、形容词、副词的性质，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
使用不定式时，大多数情况下要带有不定式的符号“to”，少数情况不用“to”。
1.不定式做主语。
不定式做主语时，通常使用形式主语。而将做主语的不定式放在句子的后面。
（1) I think it would be a good idea to have comments from secretaries and typists who are already using it.
（2) How long will it take you to complete the trip?
2.不定式做宾语。
（1) I have decided to take a lot of cabbage in vinegar.
（2) Agriculture first started about 10 000 years ago when people began to grow crops in the river valleys of the Nile in Egypt in the Middle East and in India.
不定式做宾语时也有使用形式宾语的问题，但必须同时具备两个条件：①有宾语补足语。②宾语是动词不定式短语或宾语从句。
The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space.
以上句子中，it为形式宾语；difficult为宾语补足语；不定式短语to get a clear picture of space是真宾语。
3.不定式做表语
（1) It has been proved that the way to produce the most food is to let farmers grow crops either to feed their family or to sell.
（2) A better method is to take waste far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down.
4.不定式做定语
（1) …but it is thought that 500 million people in the world do not have enough to eat that is about one in ten.
（2) Farmers have the right to sell their crops to the EU.
5.不定式做状语
Third a lot of irrigated land has become too salty to grow plants.
本句中的to grow plants是has become too salty的结果状语。
Various things can be done to increase the food supply in the world.
to increase the food supply in the world是目的状语。
不定式表示目的极为常见。有时为了强调目的 可以用in order to或so as to ；有时将不定式短语置于句首也是表示目的常见用法。
（1) Cook went up and down the river in order to chart all the dangerous rock.
（2) The lion looked at her as she swung the pork in her hand so as to attract the lion’s attention.
（3) To become a top gymnast it is important to start when very young.
（4) To do that it must find a place where it can keep fairly warm; and it must be a place where its enemy cannot find it.
only to do 是不定式做结果状语的典型用法，这种“结果”往往是预想不到的。
（1) Yesterday I went to see him only to find he had been away on business.
（2) He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
6.不定式做宾语补足语
不定式做宾语补足语时有两种情况：绝大多数做宾语补足语的不定式用带to的动词不定式；动词 see hear watch feel notice observe have make let 后做宾语补足语的不定式主动语态时必须用不带to的不定式；改为被动语态又必须用to 。
（1) What stores do you want me to order?
（2) But Cook ordered the crews to throw over the side of the ship guns iron balls pots and chains and even stores to raise the boat in the water.
（3) And I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in future.
（4) I read about you in the newspaper and decided to come and hear you play.
下面的例子是1991年的高考试题，试题的意图便是考查不带to的不定式变为被动语态时的用法。
John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
答案为A。
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