沙特阿拉伯g20峰会：一周热闻G20峰会伊朗核科学家遇刺

沙特阿拉伯g20峰会：一周热闻G20峰会伊朗核科学家遇刺③ unmute: [ˌʌnˈmjuːt] vt. to turn on (a microphone or the audio on an electronic device) especially after having temporarily turned it off（尤指在暂时关闭声音后）打开｛麦克风／电子设备｝的声音② accommodate: [əˈkɒmədeɪt] vt. to include (sth.) 概／包括《牛津英语辞典》的出品方牛津语言认为，2020年“无法用一个词简要概括”。牛津语言将第一次放弃评选“年度词”（Word of the Year），但公布了“这史无前例一年的词汇表”，包含unmute（解除静音）、mail-in[（选票、调查等）通过邮寄收集结果的]、coronavirus（新冠病毒）、lockdown（封锁）等。11月23日，牛津语言表示，要

1

Oxford Languages skipped its Word of the Year for 2020

牛津语言决定不会选出2020年“年度词”

For the first time Oxford Languages maker of The Oxford English Dictionary has chosen not to name a word of the year describing 2020 as “a year which cannot beneatly① accommodated② in one single word”. Instead from “unmute③” to “mail-in④” and from “coronavirus” to “lockdown” it has announced its Words of an Unprecedented Year. Last Monday Oxford Languages said that there were too many words to sum up the events of 2020. Tracking its vast corpus⑤ of more than 11bn words found in web-based news blogs and other text sources Oxford Languages’lexicographers⑥ revealed what it described as “seismic⑦ shifts in language data and precipitous⑧ frequency rises in new coinage⑨” over the past 12 months. Previous choices for its Word of the Year have included “climate emergency” and “post-truth”. Collins chose “lockdown” for its Word of the Year earlier this month. (The Guardian)

《牛津英语辞典》的出品方牛津语言认为，2020年“无法用一个词简要概括”。牛津语言将第一次放弃评选“年度词”（Word of the Year），但公布了“这史无前例一年的词汇表”，包含unmute（解除静音）、mail-in[（选票、调查等）通过邮寄收集结果的]、coronavirus（新冠病毒）、lockdown（封锁）等。11月23日，牛津语言表示，要概括2020年的大事，需要太多单词。牛津语言的词典编纂者通过追踪其庞大的语料库，发现在过去12个月中，“语言数据发生了翻天覆地的变化，新词出现的频率急剧上升”。该语料库的文本来源包括网络新闻、博客等，涵盖了逾110亿词汇。牛津语言往年选出的“年度词”包括climate emergency（气候紧急状态）、post-truth（后真相）等。本月初，柯林斯词典选择lockdown作为其“年度词”。

【注释】

① neatly: [niːtlɪ] adv. with brevity clarity and cleverness of expression in language or speech（使用语言）简要地，巧妙地

② accommodate: [əˈkɒmədeɪt] vt. to include (sth.) 概／包括

③ unmute: [ˌʌnˈmjuːt] vt. to turn on (a microphone or the audio on an electronic device) especially after having temporarily turned it off（尤指在暂时关闭声音后）打开｛麦克风／电子设备｝的声音

④ mail-in: [ˈmeɪlɪn] adj. designating ballots surveys etc. in which results are collected by mail（选票、调查等）通过邮寄收集结果的

⑤ corpus: [ˈkɔːpəs] n. a collection of written or spoken texts 语料库

⑥ lexicographer: [ˌleksɪˈkɒɡrəfə(r)] n. a person who writes and edits dictionaries 词典编纂者

⑦ seismic: [ˈsaɪzmɪk] adj. having a very great effect; of very great size 影响巨大的，翻天覆地的；巨大的

⑧ precipitous: [prɪˈsɪpɪtəs] adj. sudden and great 急剧的

⑨ coinage: [ˈkɔɪnɪdʒ] n. a word or phrase that has been invented recently; the process of inventing a word or phrase 新词／表达

2

Maradona died after suffering heart failure①

马拉多纳因心衰去世

Argentina soccer legend Diego Maradona who has died aged 60 succumbed to②heart failure. Maradona had undergone brain surgery several weeks ago. Regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of the game Maradona became a household name③ after inspiring④ his country to World Cup glory in 1986. He took center stage⑤ at the tournament⑥ with a memorable performance against England where he scored⑦ an iconic⑧ goal⑨ by punching the ball into the net. The goal was later described as the “Hand of God.” Argentina’s President Alberto Fernandez announced three days of national mourning⑩ for the passing of the superstar. (CNN)

阿根廷足坛传奇迭戈·马拉多纳因心力衰竭，溘然长逝，享年六十。几周前，他接受了脑部手术。他被认为是足球史上最伟大的运动员之一。1986年，马拉多纳带领阿根廷队夺得世界杯冠军，他自己也因此家喻户晓。在对阵英格兰队的比赛中，他的表现令人难忘，就此成为这届世界杯的主角。当时，马拉多纳用手打进了一个关键球。后来，这次进球被称为“上帝之手”。阿根廷总统阿尔韦托·费尔南德斯宣布，举国为这位巨星的逝世哀悼三日。

【注释】

① heart failure: a serious medical condition in which sb.’s heart stops working properly often resulting in death 心力衰竭

② succumb to: to die from the effect of (a disease or an injury) 死于

③ household name: a person thing or name that has become very well known 家喻户晓的名字

④ inspire: [ɪnˈspaɪə(r)] vt. to give (sb.) the desire confidence or enthusiasm to do sth. well 鼓励

⑤ center stage: an important position where sb./sth. can easily get people’s attention 最显著的位置

⑥ tournament: [ˈtɔːnəmənt] n. a contest in any game of skill in which a number of competitors play a series of selective games 比／联赛

⑦ score: [skɔː(r)] vt. to win (points goals etc.) in a game or competition 得（分），进（球）

⑧ iconic: [aɪˈkɒnɪk] adj. important or influential in a particular context 重要的，影响巨大的

⑨ goal: [ɡəʊl] n. the act of kicking or hitting the ball into the goal; a point that is scored for this 进球（得分）

⑩ mourn: [mɔːn] vi. to feel and show that you are sad because sb. has died（为死者）哀悼

3

the G20① summit②

G20峰会

Leaders of the world’s most powerful nations wrapped up the Group of 20 summit on Nov. 22 vowing to spare no effort to protect lives and ensure affordable access to COVID-19 vaccines for all people. The two-day summit of heads of state was held virtually③ due to the coronavirus pandemic which has wiped out④ hundreds of millions of jobs globally and plunged⑤ millions into extreme poverty. The virus “underscored our common challenges ” the G20 said in a final statement that focused heavily on battling the coronavirus enhancing environmental protections and supporting the global economy. The G20 also stressed the importance of global access to COVID-19 vaccines drugs and tests. Saudi Arabia presided⑥ over the G20 this year which was originally intended to be held in person⑦ in Riyadh before the pandemic. (AP) 11月22日，二十国集团（G20）峰会落幕。受疫情影响，本次为期两天的领导人峰会在线上举行。与会的大国领导人承诺将全力保护生命，确保研制出人人买得起的新冠疫苗。疫情已让全球数亿个工作岗位消失，令数百万人陷入极度贫困。峰会最后的声明高度关注了抗击疫情、加强环境保护、支持全球经济等问题，并提到，疫情“凸显了我们共同的挑战”。此次峰会还强调了世界各国获取新冠疫苗、药物和检测试剂的重要性。今年的峰会由沙特阿拉伯主办。而在疫情暴发前，此次峰会原计划在利雅得现场召开。

【注释】

① the G20: an association of representatives of the world’s largest advanced and emerging economies established in 1999 to discuss global economic issues; any of the regular meetings held by this association 二十国集团（常规会议）「= the Group of 20」﹝由七国集团财长会议于1999年倡议成立，最初为财长和央行行长会议机制。2008年国际金融危机爆发，当年11月于美国华盛顿召开第一次领导人峰会。迄今已举行过14次峰会和一次特别峰会，主要讨论全球重大经济金融热点问题，为推动世界经济复苏及国际金融体系改革作出重要贡献﹞

② summit: [ˈsʌmɪt] n. an official meeting or series of meetings between the leaders of two or more governments at which they discuss important matters 峰会，最高级别会议

③ virtually: [ˈvəːtʃʊəlɪ] adv. by means of computerized simulation or (more generally) computer technology 通过计算机仿真的，利用计算机技术的

④ wipe out: to destroy or remove (sb./sth.) completely 使彻底消失，完全破坏

⑤ plunge: [plʌndʒ] vt. to cause to enter or force into some state or course of action usually suddenly unexpectedly or violently and against opposition（尤指突然）使进入某状态

⑥ preside: [prɪˈzaɪd] vi. to lead or be in charge of (a meeting ceremony etc.) 主持（会议／仪式）；掌管，领导

⑦ in person: with or by one’s own action or physical presence 当面，在现场

4

a top Iranian nuclear scientist was killed in an attack

伊朗顶级核科学家遇袭身亡

A top Iranian scientist believed to be responsible for developing the country’s military nuclear program was killed last Friday causing outrage①in Iran and raising US concerns over potential retaliation②. Mohsen Fakhrizadeh was in a vehicle that came under attack from “armed terrorists ” Iran’s Defense Ministry said in a statement. “In theshootout③ between his bodyguards and the terrorists the scientist was seriously wounded and taken to hospital ” where the medical team was unable to save him and he succumbed to his injuries. No one immediately claimed responsibility for the attack but some senior Iranian officials said they believe Israel played a role. The Israeli government declined④ to comment on Fakhrizadeh’s killing. (NPR)

11月27日，伊朗顶级科学家穆赫辛•法克里扎德被杀。这在伊朗引起愤怒，也令美国担心潜在的报复。据悉，法赫里扎德负责发展伊朗军事核武器计划。在一份声明中，伊朗国防部表示，法克里扎德是在车内遭到“武装恐怖分子”的袭击。“他的保镖与恐怖分子交火的过程中，他受了重伤。后来，他被送往医院。”医疗团队抢救失败，他因伤势过重身亡。袭击发生后，没有组织立即宣称对此事负责，但一些伊朗高级官员表示，他们认为以色列参与了袭击。以政府没有对法赫里扎德遇害一事发表评论。

【注释】

① outrage: [ˈaʊtreɪdʒ] n. a strong feeling of shock and anger 愤慨

② retaliation: [rɪˌtæliˈeɪʃn] n. action that a person takes against sb. who has harmed them in some way 报复

③ shootout: [ˈʃuːtaʊt] n. a fight that is fought with guns until one side is killed or defeated（直到一方战败才结束的）枪战

④ decline: [dɪˈklaɪn] vt. to refuse politely to accept or (to do sth.) 礼貌地拒绝

5

Australian “war crimes”

澳大利亚战争罪

The Australian Defence Force has sent notices of likely dismissal① to 13 special forces soldiers following a damning② investigative report on the unlawful killings of 39 Afghan civilians and prisoners. They are suspected③ of being accessories④ or witnesses to the killings or of being dishonest in testifying⑤. They are separate from the 19 Special Air Service troops who could face prosecution⑥ for the murders. Australia’s prime minister and top military commander have apologised. Afghanistan called the murders unforgiveable but welcomed the report as a step towards justice. (BBC)

澳大利亚国防军向13名特种部队士兵发出通知，告知他们可能面临解雇。此前，一份调查报告给出了澳大利亚军队非法杀害39名阿富汗平民和囚犯的确凿证据。这13名士兵疑为虐杀暴行的帮凶或目击者或证言不实。另有19名特种空勤团士兵或因谋杀罪被起诉。澳大利亚总理和最高军事指挥官已就此事道歉。阿方强调这些谋杀不可饶恕，但对这份报告表示欢迎，并认为这是迈向正义的一步。

【注释】

① dismissal: [dɪsˈmɪsl] n. removal from a position or service 开除；解散

② damning: [ˈdæmɪŋ] adj. suggesting that sb. is guilty 导致定罪的

③ suspect: [səˈspekt] vt. to have an idea that sb. is guilty of sth. without having definite proof 怀疑｛某人有罪｝

④ accessory: [əkˈsesəri] n. a person who helps sb. to commit a crime or who knows about it and protects the person from the police 从犯

⑤ testify: [ˈtestɪfaɪ] vi. to make a statement that sth. happened or that sth. is true esp. as a witness in court（尤指在法庭上）作证

⑥ prosecution: [ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃn] n. the process of being officially charged with a crime in court（就刑事责任）起诉

（复旦大学江默柔编译兼朗读，重光会王暖流审订兼朗读，复旦大学章逍然审订）