温室效应深度解析：弗林效应发生逆转

小君 2023-01-30 07:07:17 401

温室效应深度解析：弗林效应发生逆转于是，文章认为，尽管美国还没有达到西欧发达国家所面临的智商天花板，但假如在国家发展方面，只是和西方发达保持同步，这就意味着很可能在不久的将来也会经历类似的智商爆跌。▲Evan Horowitz IQ rates are dropping in many developed countries and that doesn't bode well for humanity (via NBC News)许多发达国家的智商水平正在下降，这对人类来说不是什么好兆头 (via NBC News)▲Evan Horowitz IQ rates are dropping in many developed countries and that doesn't bode well for humanity (via NBC News)NBC近期刊登的文章认为，智商危机可能削弱他们解决问题的能力，并使全球

长久以来的普遍共识是，人类在逐步地变得更聪明。平均智商分数的稳步上升，被称为弗林效应，这种效应持续了几十年。不过，科学家们最新的研究却发现，许多发达国家人口的智商却在下降。

温室效应深度解析：弗林效应发生逆转(1)

(图 via Getty Images)

过去，科学家们发现，人类智商每十年提高3个点。但最近的研究结果有点令人担忧：这一趋势似乎正在逆转。得出这一新的研究结论的是挪威的科学家。

It probably shouldn't worry us if some pocket of the population saw a decline in IQ as things like education and diet affect IQ and these factors can vary from one group or time to another. But according to this new study it doesn't appear to be some small segment of the population whose IQ is going down. It appears to be the entire nation of Norway.如果一部分人的智商下降是因为教育和饮食等因素影响了智商，而这些因素在不同的人群或不同的时间会有所不同，我们或许不应该担心。但根据这项新研究，智商下降的人群似乎并不只是一小部分，而似乎是整个挪威人口。When scientists from the Norway's Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research analyzed some 730 000 IQ tests given to Norwegian men before their compulsory military service from 1970 to 2009 they found that average IQ scores were actually sinking. And not just by some miniscule amount. Each generation of Norwegian men appear to be getting around seven IQ points dumber. 挪威的费雪经济研究中心的科学家分析了1970年至2009年间，73万名挪威男性在服兵役前接受的智商测试，发现他们的平均智商实际上在下降，而这种下降并非微乎其微。每一代挪威男性的智商似乎要比前一代人低7分左右。 And as PsyBlog points out this isn't even the first study to find that the Flynn Effect has reversed though it may be the most convincing to date.正如《心理博客》所指出的，这甚至不是第一个发现弗林效应已经逆转的研究，不过它可能是迄今为止最有说服力的。

▲We Are All Getting Dumber New Science Proves and No One Is Sure Why (via inc.com)

此外，许多发达国家人口的智商水平正在下降，这对人类来说不是什么好兆头。

温室效应深度解析：弗林效应发生逆转(2)

许多发达国家的智商水平正在下降，这对人类来说不是什么好兆头 (via NBC News)

For a while rising IQ scores seemed like clear evidence of social progress palpable proof that humanity was getting steadily smarter — and might even be able to boost brainpower indefinitely. Scholars called it the "Flynn effect " in homage to J.R. Flynn the researcher who recognized its full sweep and import.有一段时间，不断提高的智商似乎是社会进步的明显证据，是人类正在稳步变得更聪明的明显证据——甚至智力可能无限提高。学者们称之为“弗林效应”，以向发现这一现象的J.R.弗林致敬。These days however Flynn himself concedes that "the IQ gains of the 20th century have faltered." A range of studies using a variety of well-established IQ tests and metrics have found declining scores across Scandinavia Britain Germany France and Australia.然而，如今弗林自己也承认，“20世纪的智商增长已经停滞不前。”一系列使用各种成熟的智商测试和指标的研究发现，斯堪的纳维亚、英国、德国、法国和澳大利亚的智商测试分数都在下降。

▲Evan Horowitz IQ rates are dropping in many developed countries and that doesn't bode well for humanity (via NBC News)

NBC近期刊登的文章认为，智商危机可能削弱他们解决问题的能力，并使全球经济前景黯淡。

Though there are legitimate questions about the relationship between IQ and intelligence and broad recognition that success depends as much on other virtues like grit IQ tests in use throughout the world today really do seem to capture something meaningful and durable. 尽管关于智商和智力之间的关系存在一些合理的疑问，而且人们普遍认为，成功在很大程度上同样取决于毅力等其他美德，但如今世界各地使用的智商测试似乎确实捕捉到了一些有意义和持久的东西。Decades of research have shown that individual IQ scores predict things such as educational achievement and longevity. More broadly the average IQ score of a country is linked to economic growth and scientific innovation.几十年的研究表明，个人智商得分可以预测教育成就和寿命等因素。更广泛地说，一个国家的平均智商分数与经济增长和科学创新有关。So if IQ scores are really dropping that could not only mean 15 more seasons of the Kardashians but also the potential end of progress on all these other fronts ultimately leading to fewer scientific breakthroughs stagnant economies and a general dimming of our collective future.因此，如果智商真的在下降，这不仅意味着真人秀节目《与卡戴珊同行》还要再播15季，还意味着所有其他方面的进步可能会终结，最终导致更少的科学突破、停滞不前的经济，以及我们共同未来的普遍暗淡。

▲Evan Horowitz IQ rates are dropping in many developed countries and that doesn't bode well for humanity (via NBC News)

于是，文章认为，尽管美国还没有达到西欧发达国家所面临的智商天花板，但假如在国家发展方面，只是和西方发达保持同步，这就意味着很可能在不久的将来也会经历类似的智商爆跌。

If we are keeping up with the Joneses (or Johanssons and Jacques) in terms of national development that means we are likely to experience similarly plummeting IQs in the near future. At which point the U.S. will face the same dangers of intellectual and economic stagnation.如果我们在国家发展方面仅与其它国家相比，这意味着我们很可能在不久的将来经历类似的智商暴跌。到那时，美国将面临同样的智力和经济停滞的危险。

▲Evan Horowitz IQ rates are dropping in many developed countries and that doesn't bode well for humanity (via NBC News)

而专家们正绞尽脑汁想要在自己笨到搞不清楚智商分数下降的确切原因之前，搞清楚智商下降的原因。

Some environmental factor — or collection of factors — is causing a drop in the IQ scores of parents and their own children and older kids and their younger siblings. One leading explanation is that the rise of lower-skill service jobs has made work less intellectually demanding leaving IQs to atrophy as people flex their brains less.一些环境因素——或者一系列因素——正在导致父母和他们自己的孩子，以及年龄较大的孩子和他们的弟弟妹妹的智商分数下降。一种主要的解释是，低技能服务业工作的增加降低了工作对智力的要求，随着人们大脑活动的减少，智商会萎缩。There are also other possibilities largely untested such as global warming making food less nutritious or information-age devices sapping our ability to focus.还有其他的可能性，大部分未经测试，比如全球变暖导致食物营养不良，或者信息时代的设备削弱了我们专注的能力。Ultimately it’d be nice to pin down the precise reason IQ scores are dropping before we’re too stupid to figure it out especially as these scores really do seem connected to long-term productivity and economic success.最终，在我们还没笨到搞不清楚智商分数下降的确切原因之前，最好能弄清楚它，尤其是在这些分数似乎确实与长期生产力和经济成功有关的情况下。

▲Evan Horowitz IQ rates are dropping in many developed countries and that doesn't bode well for humanity (via NBC News)

对于这个最新的研究以及智商下降的原因分析，一些网友表示笑掉大牙。

温室效应深度解析：弗林效应发生逆转(3)