英语万能写作模板,英语写作模板1
英语万能写作模板,英语写作模板1很多学生认为_______。Many students assume that _______.这样一问一答地对起话来,问什么答什么,一是不会跑题,二是有条理、有逻辑。所以,我们写的时候要始终假设有个人在问你问题。借助他人的提问和追问推动自己去回答问题——这就是写作。我们要做变换的地方,就像把直接引语变成间接引语时要增加引述动词如say、tell一样,把看不见的“你问”变成显现在外的“他认为”“她主张”(如assume、argue、contend、maintain)等表达观点的句式。1. 比如这个句式很常见也很有用:
很多时候头脑里想好的东西——已经谋好了篇布好了局,自以为可以写上好几页——动了笔才会发现落笔成文还是挺难的。
把想法变成文字是另外一门功夫。
要把头脑里的东西连接起来,最简单的方法就是大家都很熟悉的“你问我答”这种对话形式。
比如有人问:I've been looking for you for ages。你自然会问:why?或是For what? 这人就会解释:I want to know what was said about love when you met together for dinner.
这样一问一答地对起话来,问什么答什么,一是不会跑题,二是有条理、有逻辑。
所以,我们写的时候要始终假设有个人在问你问题。借助他人的提问和追问推动自己去回答问题——这就是写作。我们要做变换的地方,就像把直接引语变成间接引语时要增加引述动词如say、tell一样,把看不见的“你问”变成显现在外的“他认为”“她主张”(如assume、argue、contend、maintain)等表达观点的句式。
1. 比如这个句式很常见也很有用:
Many students assume that _______.
很多学生认为_______。
assume是to think or accept that sth. is true but without having proof of it,是suppose to be the case without proof。也就是“假定”、“假设”、“认为”。
再如下面这个例子就是在上面那个句式后面加了but,形成一个对比关系:
Scholars have long assumed that democracy improve the quality of life for its citizens but recent research has called this orthodoxy into question.
学者们一直认为民主可以改善民生,但最近的研究却对这一正统说法提出了质疑。
这样,这个句式就变成:
Many students assume that _______ but recent research has called _______ into question.
很多学生认为______,但是最近的研究却对______提出了质疑。
assume可以换成其他词,比如论文写作里很常用的admit、argue。
乔治·奥威尔(George Orwell)在他的名篇《政治与英语语言》(“Politics and the English Language”)开头就说:
Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that the English language is in a bad way but it is generally assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about it.
多数关心这个话题的人会承认英语这门语言已经误入歧途,但是大家又普遍认为,即便有意识地去做些事情也无法改变现状。
这句话可以提炼出一个句式:
Most people (who _______ ) would admit that ______ but it is generally assumed that _______.
多数人承认______,但是大家又普遍认为______。
2. 我们再看下面这个句式:
On the one hand _______. On the other hand ______.
一方面,_______。另一方面,_______。
这个句式有两点要说。一是the不能省略,on the one hand,不是on one hand;二是on the one hand不是必须出现的,也就是说on the other hand可以单独使用。很多情况下,on the other hand都是单独使用,而不是跟on the one hand成对出现。
举个例子讲on the other hand单独使用的情况:
You understand it at once when I say “The man sat on the grass.” You understand it because it is clear and makes no demands on the attention. On the other hand it is not easily understood if I write “A tall narrow-chested middle-sized man with a red beard sat on the green grass already trampled by pedestrians sat silently shyly and timidly looked about him.” That is not immediately grasped by the mind whereas good writing should be grasped at once—in a second.
这段文字摘自《简洁的原理》(英文版)第70页,是法则13的内容:用词要明确、精准、具体。有书的同学建议认真看一下。
举个例子讲on the one hand和on the other hand同时出现的例子:
This discrepancy gives rise to a tension between two ideals. On the one hand vocabulary-builders have long maintained that a rich personal word-stock is your key to success. On the other hand writing guides are full of advice to shun big words. Which of these two views is correct? It’s entirely possible to resolve the seeming paradox and to hold that they’re both essentially right. Build your vocabulary to make yourself a better reader; choose simple words whenever possible to make yourself a better writer.
这段文字选自Garner's Modern English Usage。一方面,词汇量要大,词汇量大是事业成功的关键。另一方面,写作指南却建议写作不要用大词。哪个才是对的呢?两个观点都是对的。扩大词汇量有助于提高自己的阅读能力;写作用简单的词汇有助于培养自己成为一位好作者。
这个句式同样可以再扩展下:
On the one hand some argue that ______. On the other hand however others argue that _______.
一方面,有人认为______。另一方面,有人认为_______。
学习借鉴英语文章里的各种常见表达方式,把这类表达方式变成模板,能帮助我们把零碎的东西有机地组织起来,一方面可以帮助自己更深入地理解所读的文章,另一方面可以帮助自己更容易上手写出像样的文章:只需将自己的想法填入空白处,就可以完整地表达自己的思想。
可以先模仿,然后在这些模板基础上变通一下,或增加或减少。通过学习这些模板,我们最终会发现很多文章其实暗藏着模板,是这些模板帮助作者谋篇布局、串字成篇、整合思路的。