现存的英国殖民地：剥夺起来比英国更狠

现存的英国殖民地：剥夺起来比英国更狠法越关系始于17世纪，法国传教士在越南的传教，随后法国占领了这片区域并于1887年建立起了法属亚洲殖民地。Early Exploitation and ColonizationToday the same region is divided into the nations of Vietnam Laos and Cambodia. While much war and civil unrest tainted much of their early histories these nations are faring far better since their French occupation ended over 70 years ago.法国东南亚殖民地军队法国早期的探索与殖民

从1887起至二十世纪中期越南战争为止，法国在东南亚的殖民地统称为法属亚洲殖民地。包括交趾（越南）、安南、柬埔寨、同琴、广州湾和老挝。

French Indochina was the collective name for the French colonial regions of Southeast Asia from colonization in 1887 to independence and the subsequent Vietnam Wars of the mid-1900s. During the colonial era French Indochina was made up of Cochin-China Annam Cambodia Tonkin Kwangchowan and Laos.

在曾经的法属亚洲殖民地地盘分别成立了三个国家，越南、老挝和柬埔寨。虽然这些国家刚成立时的动乱不堪，但今天的他们相比七十年前法国统治结束的时候，发生了天翻地覆的变化。

Today the same region is divided into the nations of Vietnam Laos and Cambodia. While much war and civil unrest tainted much of their early histories these nations are faring far better since their French occupation ended over 70 years ago.

法国东南亚殖民地军队

法国早期的探索与殖民

Early Exploitation and Colonization

法越关系始于17世纪，法国传教士在越南的传教，随后法国占领了这片区域并于1887年建立起了法属亚洲殖民地。

Although the French and Vietnam relationship may have started as early as the 17th century with missionary voyages the French took power in the area and established a federation called French Indochina in 1887.

他们将这个地区的属性定义为“殖民掠夺地”，或换成英国人礼貌的说法“充满经济利益的殖民地”。法国政府向这里的商品征收高额的赋税比如盐、鸦片、米酒。1920年，光这三件商品的税收就能承担法国殖民政府44%的财政支出。

They designated the area as a "colonie d'exploitation " or in the more polite English translation a "colony of economic interests." High taxes on local consumption of goods like salt opium and rice alcohol filled the coffers of the French colonial government with just those three items comprising 44% of the government's budget by 1920.

当法属亚洲殖民地属民的荷包被慢慢榨干后，1930年代，法国又盯上了这里的自然资源。今天的越南充满了丰富的自然资源比如锌矿、锡矿和煤矿，除此之外，越南也盛产大米、橡胶、咖啡和茶叶。柬埔寨供应胡椒粉、香蕉和大米。老挝由于没有什么有价值的矿场，只能被当做木材采伐地。

With the local population's wealth almost tapped out the French began in the 1930s to turn to exploiting the area's natural resources instead. What is now Vietnam became a rich source of zinc tin and coal as well as cash crops such as rice rubber coffee and tea. Cambodia supplied pepper rubber and rice; Laos however had no valuable mines and was used only for low-level timber harvesting.

有了亚洲殖民地大量而高品质的橡胶资源做背书，著名法国轮胎企业米其林应声而出，法国甚至投资了越南的工业建设，建造了生产香烟、酒和纺织品，供应出口。

The availability of plentiful high-quality rubber led to the establishment of famous French tire companies such as Michelin. France even invested in industrialization in Vietnam building factories to produce cigarettes alcohol and textiles for export.

法国在东南亚殖民地发行的货币

日占时期

Japanese Invasion During the Second World War

1941年日军侵略法属亚洲殖民地，在德国占领下的法国维希政府将亚洲殖民地拱手相让。日占期间，已解放亚洲自居的日本一些将领，鼓励该地区的独立和民族精神，但部队的高层和远在东京的政府计划让亚洲殖民地为日本提供矿场等资源，继续保持被剥削的状态。

The Japanese Empire invaded French Indochina in 1941 and the Nazi-allied French Vichy government handed over Indochina to Japan. During their occupation some Japanese military officials encouraged nationalism and independence movements in the region. However the military higher-ups and the home government in Tokyo intended to keep Indochina as a valuable source of such necessities as tin coal rubber and rice.

最终，日本决定将法属亚洲殖民地这些国家加入到其所谓的“大东亚共荣圈”，而不是促进各国的独立与解放。

As it turns out instead of liberating these rapidly forming independent nations the Japanese instead decided to add them to their so-called Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.

对于亚洲殖民地的老百姓来说，日本的意图越来越明显，日本人也和法国人一样冷酷无情，只想剥削自己。受到刺激的越南民众自发组织抗日游击战，越南独立同盟团结了乡镇的反抗军和城市的民族主义者，进行共产主义独立运动。

It soon became obvious to most Indochinese citizens that the Japanese intended to exploit them and their land just as ruthlessly as the French had done. This sparked the creation of a new guerrilla fighting force the League for the Independence of Vietnam or "Viet Nam Doc Lap Dong Minh Hoi"—usually called Viet Minh for short. The Viet Minh fought against the Japanese occupation uniting peasant rebels with urban nationalists into a communist-tinged independence movement.

东南亚战场上等待进攻的日军

二战的结束和法属亚洲殖民地的解放

End of World War II and Indochinese Liberation

二战结束后，法国希望盟军能把亚洲殖民地的控制权交还给自己，但亚洲殖民地的百姓不这么想。

When the Second World War ended France expected the other Allied Powers to return its Indochinese colonies to its control but the people of Indochina had different ideas.

他们对独立的追求与法国统治者的矛盾导致了第一次法属亚洲殖民地战争和越战的爆发，1954年越南在胡志明的领导下，在奠边府战役取得了对法战争的决定性胜利，在1954年日内瓦协议上，法国放弃了亚洲殖民地的控制权。

They expected to be granted independence and this difference of opinion led to the First Indochina War and the Vietnam War. In 1954 the Vietnamese under Ho Chi Minh defeated the French at the decisive Battle of Dien Bien Phu and the French gave up their claims to the former French Indochina through the Geneva Accord of 1954.

然而，美国担心胡志明会让越南加入苏联势力，所以他们接管了法国对越南的控制权，最终北越军队赶走了美国人，越南成为了一个独立主权的国家，柬埔寨和老挝也相继独立。

However the Americans feared that Ho Chi Minh would add Vietnam to the communist bloc so they entered the war that the French had abandoned. After two additional decades of fighting the North Vietnamese prevailed and Vietnam became an independent communist country. The peace also recognized the independent nations of Cambodia and Laos in Southeast Asia.

在越南丛林行军的法军