自然电子学影响因子（电子量子效应的最新研究）
自然电子学影响因子（电子量子效应的最新研究）In this week’s issue Ichiro Takeuchi and his colleagues present evidence for the perfect transmission of electrons through a contact barrier between a normal metal and a topological superconductor. The work represents the observation of Klein tunnelling a relativistic effect in which a particle can move through a barrier between two materials as if the barrier simply wasn’t there. Once an electr
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本周重要课题：
科学家竹内一郎和他的同事们提出的证据表明：电子是如何完美穿越一个普通金属和拓扑超导体之间相互接触的障碍物。 研究成果被发表在近期的自然杂志上。
通过观察克莱因隧道发现了量子效应，粒子可以穿越两种材料之间的障碍物，似乎障碍物根本不存在。
一旦一个电子(金环，电子形成的一个球状)要穿过屏障时它会拿起一个同伴电子形成一个库珀对（库柏对Cooper pair是指电子结合在一起的状态。一般来说，电子之间都有微小的引力，由此使得电子的能量低于费米能时，电子就会结合在一起）(见封面图片在隧道的另一边)。 因此，障碍物会反射出一个带负电荷的洞(黑色的洞，形成一条隧道)。
一般来说，有一些散射的电子会抑制这一穿越过程。 但在拓扑超导体中的屏障，电子散射是完全没有的。 团队确认由于这种完美的电子隧道效应，因此孔反射提高了2倍的电导率。
研究人员发现，不管障碍物有没有完全接触都能产生这种完美的电子传输效应。这一发现可能会有助于量子信息处理。
In this week’s issue Ichiro Takeuchi and his colleagues present evidence for the perfect transmission of electrons through a contact barrier between a normal metal and a topological superconductor. The work represents the observation of Klein tunnelling a relativistic effect in which a particle can move through a barrier between two materials as if the barrier simply wasn’t there. Once an electron (gold sphere) has tunnelled through the barrier it picks up a partner electron to form a Cooper pair (seen in the cover image at the far side of the tunnel). As a result a negatively charged hole (black sphere) is reflected back from the barrier. Generally there is some scattering of electrons at the barrier suppressing this process. But at the barrier with a topological superconductor electron scattering is completely forbidden. Perfect electron tunnelling and the hole reflection therefore lead to exact doubling of the conductance which the team’s results confirm. The researchers found that perfect transmission occurred regardless of the origin of the contact barrier and suggest that the finding could be useful in quantum information processing.
Cover image: Emily Edwards/Joint Quantum Institute
