地理核心概念和核心素养（地理课的这个新重点）
地理核心概念和核心素养（地理课的这个新重点）那么珠峰“身高”为什么会有变化？Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 Chinese surveyors have released the height of the peak twice in 1975 and 2005 which was 8 848.13 and 8 844.43 meters respectively.5月27日， 珠峰高程测量登山队8名攻顶队员从北坡登上珠峰并完成峰顶测量任务，珠峰“测身高”外业作业圆满收官。几个月来通过对测量数据进行综合计算，最终得到了珠峰的“新身高”。不过，文章开头题目选了B和C的朋友其实也不能算“错”，8848.13米和8844.43米是中国在1975年和2005年测得的珠峰高程。
12月8日，珠穆朗玛峰最新高程正式揭晓，为8848.86米。
The new measured height of Mount Qomolangma the world's highest peak is 8 848.86 meters according to an announcement made jointly by China and Nepal on Tuesday.
此次公布的最新高程是2020珠峰高程测量任务的成果。
4月30日，珠峰高程测量工作正式启动。
5月27日， 珠峰高程测量登山队8名攻顶队员从北坡登上珠峰并完成峰顶测量任务，珠峰“测身高”外业作业圆满收官。
几个月来通过对测量数据进行综合计算，最终得到了珠峰的“新身高”。
不过，文章开头题目选了B和C的朋友其实也不能算“错”，8848.13米和8844.43米是中国在1975年和2005年测得的珠峰高程。
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 Chinese surveyors have released the height of the peak twice in 1975 and 2005 which was 8 848.13 and 8 844.43 meters respectively.
那么珠峰“身高”为什么会有变化？
- 测绘技术手段升级测绘技术手段的不断进步，使得测量结果更加精确。比如1975年，测绘人员采用传统大地测量方式，测得的结果是珠峰冰面高程；2005年，测绘人员采用了传统大地测量与卫星测量结合的技术方法，并且首次利用冰雪深雷达探测仪测量冰雪厚度，从而获得了珠峰峰顶岩石面的高程。
- 地壳板块运动影响珠峰为喜马拉雅山脉的主峰，由印度洋板块与亚欧板块撞击、挤压而成。根据目前测定结果，这两大板块的运动并没有停止，板块运动影响下珠峰“身高”也会发生变化。
人力“登峰测极”
虽然有了先进的测绘技术手段和高科技设备，但要对珠峰进行精确的科学测量，人力登顶还是必不可少的。
比如利用卫星遥感技术测量峰顶高度的精度，远低于大地测量方法，而且只能测出雪顶的高度；珠峰峰顶大风多，气流不稳定，气温低，无人机等设备目前尚无法在峰顶恶劣环境飞行。
Why can't we use technologies like remote-sensing satellites or drones to do the job?
The remote sensing satellite technology is mainly used for surface monitoring giving locations on the earth. But for the accuracy of the exact height the technology is far from enough. It can only be accurate to within two meters but what we required is to reach centimeter to millimeter accuracy.
In addition the speed of winds on top reaches up to 75 mph roughly about the level of a hurricane. Therefore it's almost impossible for the drones to hold steady. The frequent snowstorms also have the ability to launch an icicle that can shred metals.
“黑科技”助力珠峰“身高”测量
今年，5G信号覆盖珠峰，助力测量数据的实时传输，为测量工作提供通信保障。
中国自主研发、独立运行的卫星导航系统——北斗卫星导航系统提供的数据，也被运用到此次珠峰高程测量中。
此外，众多国产“神器”全面担纲测量任务，所使用的雪深雷达、天顶仪、重力仪、峰顶觇标等均为国产仪器。
For previous measurements surveying teams had to bring the data to the data center themselves. But this time 5G signal allowed scientists to access the data in real-time. Researchers also used advanced surveying and mapping technologies including China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and some homegrown surveying equipment.
珠峰新“身高”为什么要等待一段时间才揭晓？
自从5月27日登顶后，有网友一直在等待珠峰新“身高”揭晓。
为什么这一数据需要等待一段时间才能公布呢？
登顶测量结束后，科学家们还要在对数据分析、处理的基础上，进行理论研究、严密计算和反复验证，才能确定珠峰精确高程。
此外，温度、气压、折光环境等因素都会对测量产生影响，需要通过复杂的计算消除误差，得到精确的珠峰高程。这是一个系统工程，大概需要2到3个月时间。最后还要经过一定的审核程序，才会得出珠峰的确切“身高”。
A successful measurement just means the team has obtained first-hand data rather than the exact elevation of the mountain. The measurement is a systematic project that will take about two to three months.
Besides factors including temperature air pressure and refraction environment will have an impact on the measurement therefore scientists need to eliminate the error through complex calculations for an accurate elevation. And finally the exact height of Mount Qomolangma will be obtained after a review process.
精确测量珠峰“身高”的意义
珠峰高程的精确测定，可以结束国际上珠峰高程不统一的混乱局面，为世界地球科学研究作出贡献，具有非常大的社会效益和科学意义。
据中国测绘科学研究院院长、2020珠峰高程测量领导小组成员程鹏飞介绍，珠峰高程精确测量一定程度上可以为防震减灾工作提供理论基础。“根据珠峰及邻近地区地壳水平和垂直运动速率变化，可以揭示印度洋板块与欧亚板块相互作用力存在着不均匀强弱的变化，而这种强弱变化是引起我国大陆周期性地震活动的源动力。这些研究成果将对我国今后的地震预报和减灾、防灾具有重要的实际意义，”程鹏飞解释道。
与此同时，通过珠峰高程精确测量，可以了解到珠峰地区气候、冰川变化情况，有助于研究和保护该地区生态环境。
An accurate measurement can bring an end to non-identical heights of Mount Qomolangma and contribute to the world's earth science research which is of great social and scientific significance.
"From the horizontal and vertical velocity changes of the crust of Mount Qomolangma and its adjacent regions we can tell that the interaction force between the Indian Ocean Plate and the Eurasian Plate changes unevenly and it is the source power of the periodic seismic activities in the Chinese mainland " said Cheng Pengfei member of the leading team of this year's measurement and director of the Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping. "These research results will have an important practical significance for China's earthquake prediction disaster reduction and prevention."
Cheng added that the measurement will also help learn the ecological situation and environment of the region where the mountain is located.
