新概念英语lesson65-66知识点（新概念英语三）
新概念英语lesson65-66知识点（新概念英语三）(1) for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.for引导并列句，不是原因状语从句，尽管习惯上人们都称for引导的这样的句子为原因状语从句，仅仅是因为我们常把它翻译为“因为……”。其实，这时的for从句只是对主句进行附加说明。如果一定要归类为原因状语从句，也要对比一下：because引导原因状语从句，全句是重点突出原因的，而for所在的句子全句的重点在主句，是突出了主句的。 语法分析：【at one time:表达曾经，一度；是过去时态的标志。must have been是表示肯定的推测， a high level of 是高度的…如：a high level of pressure 高负荷压力。 enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明。】 The temple which the archa
新概念英语第三册Lesson 3 An unknown goddess课文长难句解析及翻译
一、课文原文
Lesson 3 An unknown goddess
Some time ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean（adj.爱琴海的；n.）island of Kea．An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini．The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses--often three storeys high--were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets．
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had at one time been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age she was very graceful indeed but so far the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
二、重点语法及长难句分析
1.The city at one time must have been prosperous for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明。
语法分析：【at one time:表达曾经，一度；是过去时态的标志。must have been是表示肯定的推测， a high level of 是高度的…如：a high level of pressure 高负荷压力。 enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明。】
(1) for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.for引导并列句，不是原因状语从句，尽管习惯上人们都称for引导的这样的句子为原因状语从句，仅仅是因为我们常把它翻译为“因为……”。其实，这时的for从句只是对主句进行附加说明。如果一定要归类为原因状语从句，也要对比一下：because引导原因状语从句，全句是重点突出原因的，而for所在的句子全句的重点在主句，是突出了主句的。
我们还是把for看作是并列连词，引导的是并列句，引出的原因是比较间接，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，似乎是事后想做的补充解释，或附加的理由，并不是说明主句行为发生的直接原因。通俗点讲，主句发生的动作不是因为for所说明的原因，有时甚至可以“倒因为果”。for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后，并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。例如：e.g.
(1) I do it because I like it. 我做这件事因为我喜欢。
(2) The day broke for the birds were singing. 破晓了，因为鸟儿在唱歌。
(3) He could not have seen me for I was not there. 他不可能看到我，因为我没在那儿。
(4) He seldom goes out now for he is very old. 他现在很少出去，因为老了。
2.They were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.他们惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。
语法分析： be amazed to do 很惊奇地做某事， 如：
We were amazed to hear the news. 我们听到这消息都感到惊奇。
turned out to be 结果是，原来是… to be 可以省略。
3. Some time ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea．不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。
本句使用了被动式，强调discovery是被考古学家做出，在以结果、影响、效果为主语的被动式句子中，强调了对客观事实的陈述。
4. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini．一个美国考古队在阿伊亚.依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。
语法分析: 句中which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple。在这个句子中，which = that; stand = lie\ be situated (vt.) \be located (vt.) 因此，做句型转换后，本句可改成：
An American team explored a temple which/ that is located / situated in...。
An American team explored a temple which/that lies in...
stand v. 表示高高坐落于，矗立于。e.g.
She stands 1.75m. 她一米七五。
A great tree stands on the mount. 山上有个大树。（我们也可以用there be句型来表达中文意思，但是请大家体会以下这两句的差异。there be陈述客观事实：那里有什么，而文中的句子，强调坐落在岛上，以及例句则突出树，并且很高，代表作者的一些感情色彩再里面。
5. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。
with...作为所有物、属性或特点具有：e.g. a young man with broad shoulders 一个宽肩膀的青年。an old lady with black hair 一个黑发老妇人。
beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语，e.g. a beautifully dressed lady衣着漂亮的女士。a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场。a white painted door 被粉刷成白色的门。
强调：过去分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间是：被动关系。现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为；逻辑主动关系: a boy climbing the tree / the students reading in the room。
复习lesson 2的句子: Armed with a torch the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.牧师拿着一支电筒走上钟楼想去看看究竟发生了什么事情。
6. The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets．城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。be equipped with 配备，装备，for 引导并列句，表示间接原因。见第一句解析
beneath the narrow streets，辨析：beneath\under\below
(1) prep. beneath = under 正下方e.g.
He is standing under / beneath the umbrella.他站在雨伞下面。
(2) under 还有"在进行中" 的意思。e.g.
under control 控制之中；under discussion 讨论之中；under repairs 修理之中
(3) below:在下方，强调斜下方位置低于e.g.
She is sitting below the window.7. The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. 城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。
be used as / be used to be 把...用作为。e.g.
The box was used as a desk in the small village school.
The plastic box was used as a bookcase.
The paper box is used to contain books.8. Each of these represented a goddess and had at one time been painted. 每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。
represent vt. 代表e.g. I represent all the classmates.
9. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. 其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的。
dating 现在分词，修饰 remains，e.g. the customs dating from 1990
date from 追溯到，从... 开始，date from＝date back to ，e.g.
The castle dates from/dates back to the 14th century.
10. Its missing head happened to be among remains of...
happen to 强调事情偶然发生e.g.
I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰好开过这种车。
He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他恰巧在口袋里找到那张票。
变换句式：It happens that......e.g.
It happnes that I met her on my way to work
I happened to meet her on my way to work.11. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。
语法分析一: amazed:辨析：surprised; astonished; amazed; astounded 感到惊讶的，语气递增: surprised; astonished: much surprised; amazed: very much surprised; astounded 非常惊讶，尺愕，惊奇。语法分析二: turn out 表明结果 ， turn out ( to be) n./adj. 结果是...e.g.
Our party turned out (to be) a success.
It turned out that............ 原来是(表示结果)，that 主语从句，it 作形式主语e.g.
It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time.
It turned out that his statement was false.
as it turns out 人们后来发现e.g. As it turns out there was not need to worry.
As it turns out the report was mistaken. 人们后来发现 这篇报告被弄错了。
12. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip.她身高3英尺，双手叉腰。
rest on = depend on lean on. e.g.
His hand rested lightly on my shoulder. 他的手轻轻搭在我的肩上。
13. Despite her great age she was very graceful indeed but so far the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。
despite / in spite of n. /动名词，so far up to now 都是完成时的标志 到目前为止e.g.
Up to now the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
discover her identity: find out her identity三、课文翻译
不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。一个美国考古队在阿伊亚.依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明，房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建。里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。
考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的，而她那身首异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到精心的保护。却使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺，双手叉腰。身穿一条拖地长裙，尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。
