星火英语专业八级词汇必备（雅思托福考试高频词常刷不断）
星火英语专业八级词汇必备（雅思托福考试高频词常刷不断）茶叶中的活性成分单宁酸以及啤酒中的啤酒花均有防腐特性，外加它们都是由沸水制成，这使得附近的城市社区繁荣发展，不受疟疾等水传疾病之苦。The antiseptic properties of tannin the active ingredient in tea and of hops in beer －plus the fact that both are made with boiled water-allowed urban communities to flourish at close quarters without succumbing to water-borne diseases such as dysentery.这个项目收到了很多设计想法，包括从滚动的蛋到倾斜槽，从巨大的跷跷板到高架单轨。剑11T1P2142.antiseptic adj.防腐的，抗菌的
210个雅思阅读高频词（下）
崔景哲精品中国红
141.giant adj.巨大的
Numerous ideas were submitted for the project including concepts ranging from rolling eggs to tilting tanks from giant see-saws to overhead monorails.
这个项目收到了很多设计想法，包括从滚动的蛋到倾斜槽，从巨大的跷跷板到高架单轨。
剑11T1P2
142.antiseptic adj.防腐的，抗菌的
The antiseptic properties of tannin the active ingredient in tea and of hops in beer －plus the fact that both are made with boiled water-allowed urban communities to flourish at close quarters without succumbing to water-borne diseases such as dysentery.
茶叶中的活性成分单宁酸以及啤酒中的啤酒花均有防腐特性，外加它们都是由沸水制成，这使得附近的城市社区繁荣发展，不受疟疾等水传疾病之苦。
剑10T2P1
143.revolutionary adj.革命的，颠覆性的
Naysayers might suggest that the brain is irrelevant that thinking in an original even revolutionary way is more a matter of personality than brain function.
反对者可能会认为大脑与此无关，他们觉得原创的、甚至革命性的思维方式与其说是大脑功能，不如说是个性的问题。
剑9T2P3
144.cosmic adj.宇宙的
The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in the 12 decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of darkness (and later each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen equal parts.
埃及人赋予12个旬星的宇宙意义让他们开发出一个将黑夜（后来白天）十二等分的体系。
剑8T1P1-
145.daunting adj.令人畏缩的，使人气馁的
The ship's crew had the daunting task of repairing the rudder at sea and only succeeded at the second attempt.
船员门遇到了在海中修理船舵的艰巨任务，并且在第二次尝试才成功。
－剑13T4P1
146.companion n.同伴
His companions showed no interest in accompanying him up the nearby hill to see some ruins that a local farmer Melchor Arteaga had told them about the night before.
他的同伴没有兴趣陪他爬附近的山，去看那位叫做Melchor Arteaga的当地农民前一天跟他们讲述过的遗迹。
剑12T6P2
147.assemble v.组装
The various parts of The Falkirk Wheel were all constructed and assembled like one giant toy building set at Butterley Engineering's Steelworks in Derbyshire some 400 km from Falkirk.
法尔科克水轮的各个部分就像一个巨大的积木套装，这些部件都是在离法尔科克大约400千米远的德比郡的巴特利工程炼钢厂建造和组装的。
－剑11T1P2
148.deduction n.演绎，推理
The theory sounds eccentric but once he starts to explain the detective work that went into his deduction the skepticism gives way to wary admiration.
这个理论听起来有点奇怪，但是一旦他解释他推理中做的探求工作，怀疑就变成了对谨慎态度的赞美。
－剑10T2P1
149.constraint n.限制
By understanding these constraints we begin to understand why some people march to a different drumbeat.
通过理解这些限制条件，我们开始明白为什么有些人爱标新立异。
－剑9T2P3
150.temporal adj.暂时的，时间的
These periods became known as temporal hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and nights with the passing of the seasons.
这些时间段被称为日光时，因为它们的持续时间随着季节流逝引起的昼夜长度的变化而变化。
－剑8T1P1
金鸿钧作品
151.incompetent adj.无能力的，不胜任的
In 1880 violence aboard the ship led ultimately to the replacement of the captain with an incompetent drunkard who stole the crew's wages.
1880年，船上的暴力行为最终导致了船长被替换成一位无能的醉汉，他拿走了船员的工资。
－剑13T4P1
152.damp adj.潮湿的
The morning was dull and damp and Bingham also seems to have been less than keen on the prospect of climbing the hill.
那天早上又阴暗又潮湿，Bingham似乎对爬那座小山的计划也没有那么期待了。
－剑12T6P2
153.withstand v.承受
The Wheel would need to withstand immense and constantly changing stresses as it rotated so to make the structure more robust the steel sections were bolted rather than welded together.
水轮旋转的时候需要承受巨大并且不断变化的压力，所以为了使结构更加稳健，钢部件是由螺栓连接而不是焊接起来的。
154.appraisal n.评价，评估
Macfarlane's case has been strengthened by support from notable quarters – Roy Porter the distinguished medical historian recently wrote a favourable appraisal of his research.
Macfarlane的案例因为得到了著名的医学历史学家Roy Porter的支持而得到强化，最近Roy Porter写了一篇对此研究表示赞同的评估。
－剑10T2P1
155.impede v.阻碍，防止
This is where most people are impeded from being an iconoclast.
这也就是阻碍了大多数人成为打破常规的人的原因。
－剑9T2P3-
156.disseminate v.传播，宣传
Temporal hours which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans who disseminated them through Europe remained in use for more than 2 500 years.
日光时最早是由希腊人采用的，然后由罗马人传播到欧洲，一直沿用了2500多年。
剑8T1P1
157.suspend v.使．．．暂停
He was suspended from service and a new captain appointed.
他被停职，同时任命了一位新的船长。
－剑13T4P1
158.prey n.猎物
First as he climbs up the hill he describes the ever-present possibility of deadly snakes 'capable of making considerable springs when in pursuit of their prey'; not that he sees any.
首先当他爬上山的时候，他提到致命的毒蛇随时都会有可能出现，“它们能在追捕猎物时随时跳起”，这是他从来没有见过的。
剑12T6P2
159.displacement n.位移
This is because according to Archimedes' principle of displacement floating objects displace their own weight in water.
这是因为，根据阿基米德位移原理，漂浮的物体在水中会排出跟它们重量相同的水。
剑11T1P2
160.alight on 偶然发现
Historians had alighted on one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required explanation.
历史学家偶然发现了出现在18世纪中期左右的一个需要解释的有趣因素。
－剑10T2P1
宋彦军作品：童年
161.confront v.面对，遭遇
For example when confronted with information streaming from the eyes the brain will interpret this information in the quickest way possible.
比如，当面对眼前源源不断的信息时，大脑会用最快的方式解读这些信息。
－剑9T2P3
162.denote v.表示，指示
The falling water level denoted the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines inscribed on the inner surface.
当水位下降到刻在内表面的小时线以下时，水位下降的刻度代表了流逝的时间长度。
163.turnaround n.转向，转变
This marked a turnaround and the beginning of the most successful period in Gutty Sark's working life transporting wool from Australia to Britain.
这标志着一个转机的到来，并且开启了Gutty Sark号服役期间最成功的时期，而这段时期内她负责把澳大利亚的羊毛运输到英国。
－剑13T4P1
164.spellbound adj.被迷住的
＇It seemed like an unbelievable dream ... the sight held me spellbound...'he wrote.
他写到：“这看起来像一个令人难以置信的梦，那景色让我着迷”。
剑12T6P2
165.enormous adj.巨大的
This keeps the Wheel balanced and so despite its enormous mass it rotates through 180° in five and a half minutes while using very little power.
这使得水轮可以保持平衡，因此即使质量上巨大，它也可以在很小的力的作用下5分半钟内旋转180°.
剑11T1P2
166.wipe out 消灭
There were improvements in agriculture that wiped out malaria but these were small gains.
农业方面有了很大的进步，消除了疟疾，但是这些都是很小的收获。
－剑10T2P1
167.photon n.光子
More than the physical reality of photons or sound waves perception is a product of the brain.
认知是大脑的产物，而不是光子或声波的物理现实。
剑9T2P3
168.astronomical adj.天文的
Italian hours began at sunset Babylonian hours at sunrise astronomical hours at midday and 'great clock' hours used for some large public clocks in Germany at midnight.
意大利人的时间开始于日落，巴比伦人的时间开始于日出，天文学时间从中午开始，而德国一些用于公共场所的大型时钟的“大时钟”时间开始于半夜。
－剑8T1P1
169.navigator n.航海家
The ship's next captain Richard Woodget was an excellent navigator who got the best out of both his ship and his crew.
下一任船长Richard Woodget是一位出色的航海家，他充分发挥了船和船员的优势。
－剑13T4P1
170.hindsight n.后见之明
We should remember however that Lost City of the Incas is a work of hindsight not written until 1948 many years after his journey.
然而我们应该记住《失落的印加之城》是一本后来才写的书，直到1948年距离他的旅行已经很多了年他才开始写。
－剑12T6P2
石梅老师四尺斗方……一本万利
171.an array of一排，一批
In the central machine room an array of ten hydraulic motors then begins to rotate the central axle.
然后，在中心机房有一排十个液压发动机开始旋转中心轴。
－剑11T1P2
172.sanitation n.卫生设施
Sanitation did not become widespread until the 19th century. The only option left is food.
直到19世纪卫生设施才广泛传播起来，剩下唯一的可能就是食物。
－剑10T2P1
173.pitfall n.陷阱，诱惑
Their brains do not fall into efficiency pitfalls as much as the average person's brain.
他们的大脑不会像普通人的大脑一样陷入那么多的高效思维的陷阱。
－剑9T2P3
174.supersede v.取代，代替
Eventually these were superseded by 'small clock' or French hours which split the day into two 12-hour periods commencing at midnight.
最终这些都被“小时钟”或者法国时间取代，法国时间把一天分成了12个时间段，从午夜开始。
－剑8T1P1
175.gamble n.冒险，赌博
His gamble paid off though and the ship was the fastest vessel in the wool trade for ten years.
他的冒险得到了回报，Cutty Sark号变成了十年内在羊毛贸易中最快的船只。
－剑13T4P1
176.chronicler n.记录者，年代史编者
He wondered whether it could have been the birthplace of the very first Inca Manco the Great and whether it could also have been what chroniclers described as 'the last city of the Incas'.
他想知道这是否是印加的曼科大帝最初诞生的地方，是否可能是年代史记录者描述的“最后的印加之城”。
－剑12T6P2
177.aqueduct n.导水管，沟渠
When the gondola reaches the top the boat passes straight onto the aqueduct situated 24 metres above the canal basin.
当贡多拉到达顶部的时候，小船径直穿过位于运河港上方24米处的沟渠。
剑11T1P2
178.incidence n.发病率
Some digging around in historical records revealed that there was a change in the incidence of water-borne disease at that time especially dysentery.
稍微深挖一下历史记录就会发现水传疾病的发病率发生了变化，尤其是痢疾。
－剑10T2P1
179.plague v.困扰，纠缠
Iconoclasts either because they were born that way or through learning have found ways to work around the perceptual shortcuts that plague most people.
不管是天生如此还是后天习得，反传统者总是有办法绕过那些困扰着大多数人的认知捷径。
－剑9T2P3
180.escapement n.擒纵器，脱逃
To address this a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670 in England.
为了解决这个问题，1670年在英格兰发明了原来擒纵器的改进装置。
思思老师作品：丰硕吉祥
181.expectancy n.预期
As competition from steam ships increased in the 1890s and Gutty Sark approached the end of her life expectancy she became less profitable.
由于19世纪90年代来自蒸汽船的竞争逐渐增大，Gutty Sark号也到达了她使用生命的末期，她的盈利能力有所减弱。
－剑13T4P1
182.settlement n.殖民，安居地
This term refers to Vilcabamba the settlement where the Incas had fled from Spanish invaders in the 1530s.
这一说法指的是比尔卡班巴，也就是16世纪30年代印加人躲避西班牙入侵者的避难所。
－剑12T6P2
183.elevate v.提升，抬高
The Wheel could not be constructed to elevate boats over the full 35-metre difference between the two canals owing to the presence of the historically important Antonine Wall which was built by the Romans in the second century AD.
水轮不能建在间隔35米的两条运河上来抬起船只，其原因是有重大历史意义的安东尼墙的存在，它是公元二世纪罗马人建造的。
－剑11T1P2
184.regulate v.调节，控制
Macfarlane deduced that whatever the British were drinking must have been important in regulating disease.
Macfarlane推测：不管英国人喝了什么，它们对于控制疾病肯定很重要。
－剑10T2P1
185.stimuli n.刺激
The brain faces the fundamental problem of interpreting physical stimuli from the senses.
大脑面临着如何解读从感官传来的物理刺激这一基本问题。
－剑9T2P3
186.motion n.动作
The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount.
钟摆的动作使装置摇晃，以便它抓住然后放开擒纵器齿轮的每一个齿，从而使得齿轮旋转到准确的数字。
剑8T1P1
187.miscellaneous adj.混杂的，各种各样的
For the next 25 years she again carried miscellaneous cargoes around the world.
在接下来的25年里，她在全世界范围内运送着各种各样的货物。
剑13T4P1
188.magnificent adj.壮丽的
Sadly his vision of the site as both the beginning and end of the Inca civilization while a magnificent one is inaccurate.
让人难过的是，这个地方虽然很壮丽，但是他把此地当成是印加文化开始和结束的地方的想象并不准确。
－剑12T6P2
189.eventual adj.最终的，最后的
The eventual winner was a plan for the huge rotating steel boat lift which was to become The Falkirk Wheel.
最终胜出的计划方案是建造巨大的可以旋转的钢制船只起降装置，也就是后来的法尔科克水轮。
－剑11T1P2
190.morality n.死亡
The poor turned to water and gin and in the 1720s the mortality rate began to rise again.
18世纪20年代，穷人们开始喝水和杜松子酒，死亡率又开始上涨。
－剑10T2P1
张大悲老师 时时欢喜是笑是禅
191.conjecture n.推测，猜想
In technical terms these conjectures have their basis in the statistical likelihood of one interpretation over another and are heavily influenced by past experience and importantly for potential iconoclasts what other people say.
从技术方面而言，这些猜想是有统计概率依据的，而统计概率说明了一种解释优于另一种解释，这些猜想又受到过往经验和其他人的观点的极大影响，这些对于潜在的反传统者来说都是很重要的。
一剑9T2P3
192.instrumentn.工具
Today highly accurate timekeeping instruments set the beat for most electronic devices.
如今，高度准确的计时工具为大多数电子设备设置时间。
－剑8T1P1
193.gale n.大风
Badly damaged in a gale in 1922 she was put into Falmouth harbour in southwest England for repairs.
1922年Gutty Sark号在一场大风中严重受损，之后她被送到英格兰西南部的法尔茅斯进行维修。
－剑13T4P1
194.perplex v.使困惑
One question that has perplexed visitors historians and archacologists alike ever since Bingham is why the site seems to have been abandoned before the Spanish Conquest.
自Bingham以来，一个让来访者、历史学家和考古学家等人困惑的问题是：为什么这座城市似乎在西班牙入侵之前就遭到遗弃了。
剑12T6P2
195.painstakingly adv.费力地，煞费苦心地
A team there carefully assembled the 1 200 tonnes of steel painstakingly fitting the pieces together to an accuracy of just 10 mm to ensure a perfect final fit.
一个团队在那儿小心翼翼安装着1200吨重的钢部件，费力地把精确度达10毫米的零件适配到一起确保最终完美的组合。
剑11T1P2
196.prevalence n.流行，普遍
Could it be the prevalence of tea in their culture?
可能是因为茶在日本文化里比较流行的缘故吗？
－剑10T2P1
197.encounter v.遇见
The best way to see things differently to other people is to bombard the brain with things it has never encountered before.
要想思维方式与众不同，那么最好的做法是往大脑里塞一些从来没有遇到过的事情。
－剑9T2P3
198.calibrate v.校正，调整
Moreover not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment they do so as well for mobile phones instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids.
而且全球定位系统卫星发射的时间信号不仅能校正精密导航设备的功能，也可以用于手机、即时股票交易系统以及全国范围的电力分配网。
剑8T1P1
199.determined adj.坚决的，下定决心的
Dowman was determined however and offered a high price:t his was accepted and the ship returned to Falmouth the following year and had her original name restored.
然而，Dowman下定决心并给出了很高的价格：价格被接受之后，船第二年就回到了法尔茅斯，并且恢复了她最初的名字。
－剑13T4P1
200.elite n.精英
An idea which has gained wide acceptance over the past few years is that Machu Picchu was a moya a country estate built by an Inca emperor to escape the cold winters of Cusco where the elite could enjoy monumental architecture and spectacular views.
过去几年内一个广为接受的说法是：马丘比丘是火山度假村，是印加国王打造的田庄，用来躲避库斯科寒冷的冬天，上层精英可以在这儿欣赏纪念性建筑以及壮观的景色。
－剑12T6P2
田园风光《阖家欢乐》
201.opposing adj.相对的，反向的
The Wheel consists of two sets of opposing axe-shaped arms attached about 25 metres apart to a fixed centralspine.
水轮由两套相对的斧型悬挂臂组成，连接在一条固定的中心柱上，它们相隔25米。
－剑11T1P2
202.coincidence n.巧合
Macfarlane then noted that the history of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary coincidence of dates.
然后Macfarlane发现在英国，茶的历史提供了一个令人意想不到的日期巧合。
－剑10T2P1
203.novelty n.新奇的事物
Novelty releases the perceptual process from the chains of past experience and forces the brain to make new judgments.
新鲜的事物让认知过程摆脱过去的经验的束缚，强迫大脑做新的判断。
剑9T2P3
204.integral adj.完整的，构成整体所必需的
So integral have these time-based technologies become to day-to-day existence that our dependency on them is recognized only when they fail to work.
这些基于时间的技术变成了我们日常生活的一部分，只有当他们无法工作的时候，我们才会意识到人类对这些技术的依赖。
剑8T1P1
205.capacity n.能力
Steam ships posed a growing threat to clippers as their speed and cargo capacity increased.
由于蒸汽船的速度和载货量的提高，它们给快速帆船带来了越来越多的威胁。
－剑13T4P1
206.descendant n.后代
By custom Pachacuti's descendants built other similar estates for their own use and so Machu Picchu would have been abandoned after his death some 50 years before the Spanish Conquest.
按照传统，Pachacuti的后代给他们自己建造了相似的庄园，所以在他死后也就是西班牙入侵之前约50年的时候，马丘比丘被废弃了。
剑12T6P2
207.upright adj.垂直的，直立的
As the wheel rotates the gondolas are kept in the upright position by a simple gearing system.
当水轮转动的时候，贡多拉船通过一个简易的齿轮装置保持直立。
－剑11T1P2
208.contention n.争论，争辩
No other European nation sipped tea like the British which by Macfarlane's logic pushed these other countries out of contention for the revolution.
欧洲没有其他任何国家像英国一样品茶，按照Macfarlane的逻辑，这也就使得这些国家不能加入工业革命的竞争。
剑10T2P1
赵永夫
209.intertwined adj.相互交错的，缠绕的
Understanding how perception becomes intertwined with social decision making shows why successful iconoclasts are so rare.
若能理解认知是怎样和社会决策相互交缠在一起的，那么我们便能明白为何成功的反传统者如此稀少。
剑9T2P3
210.latitude n.纬度
Hence the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year.
因此，在低纬度地区形成的日历受到月运周期的影响远远大于太阳年的影响。
－剑8T1P1
