初中英语定语从句练习带解析(初中英语语法定语)
初中英语定语从句练习带解析(初中英语语法定语)我们用句子来加深理解,This is Tom这就是汤姆,Tom is looking for you 汤姆正在找你。.现把这二个句子合成一个句子“这就是正在找你的汤姆”, This is Tom不变,把Tom is looking for you变成Tom的定语,根据先行词是汤姆是人和定语从句中作主语就选who替代了后一句子中的Tom 而不选whom whose 最后的句子是This is Tom who is looking for you。定语从句的表达形式:先行词 关系词引导的一句句子,关系词意思就是先行词的意思。关系词作宾语可省略。2. 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。 关系代词有:who whom whose that which,what。 关系副词有:when where why。列表如下:3. 在学定语从句时很多学生会觉得
(二)定语从句
记住定语从句的公式:先行词 关系词引导的一个句子,关系词的意思就是先行词。
以前我们学的形容词,名词作定语,这里我们学习一个句子作定语来修饰名词或代词。
1. 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词 代词叫先行词。
2. 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。 关系代词有:who whom whose that which,what。 关系副词有:when where why。列表如下:
3.
在学定语从句时很多学生会觉得难掌握,这不是懂不懂的事,从表格中可以看出在选择关系词是一个规定,如先行词是人在从句中作主语关系词就选Who. that,作宾语选Whom. Who.that(现在英语在进化,有时会出现用who替代Whom,作宾语可直接省略了),作定语就选whose;如先行词是物关系词选that which.先行词与关系词合成一个词是what;先行词是时间关系词是when;先行词是地点关系词是where。选什么样的关系词是个规定。
定语从句的表达形式:先行词 关系词引导的一句句子,关系词意思就是先行词的意思。关系词作宾语可省略。
我们用句子来加深理解,This is Tom这就是汤姆,Tom is looking for you 汤姆正在找你。.现把这二个句子合成一个句子“这就是正在找你的汤姆”, This is Tom不变,把Tom is looking for you变成Tom的定语,根据先行词是汤姆是人和定语从句中作主语就选who替代了后一句子中的Tom 而不选whom whose 最后的句子是This is Tom who is looking for you。
2. 关系代词引导的定语从句 考试重点
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who whom that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想要见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语 若指物,它还可以同of which互换) 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3)which that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seenbefore appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)prosperity [prɔs'periti] n. 幸运; 顺利;兴旺 繁荣。appear [ə'piə] vi. 出现 The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
package ['pækidʒ] n.包 包裹 unwrap[ʌn'ræp]vt. 移去…的包裹物;打开 展开
3. 关系副词引导的定语从句 考试重点
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。1)when where why 关系副词when where why的含义相当于"介词 which"结构,因此常常和"介词 which"结构交替使用,例如: There are occasions [ə'keiʒən] when (on which) one must yield [ji:ld]. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。4. 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 从此理解I stayed where(in the mountain village) I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 从此理解I worked when (the days) 判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。) (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 从此理解I visited which (the mountain village) (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. ['kʌntrisaid] 从此理解 I spent which( the days) 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? 从此理解you visited the one A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. 从此理解the exhibition was held where(in the he museum) A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案:例1 D,例2 A例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where that on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。 而句2中 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who whom that which whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)
5. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如: This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house which we bought last month is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性