小学英语3-6年级知识点归纳(小学英语三六年级英语重难点知识汇总)
小学英语3-6年级知识点归纳(小学英语三六年级英语重难点知识汇总)当我们需要对事物作出比较时 需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:二:形容词比较级4. there is there are 的选择:表示某地有某物 某人.单数用there is 复数用there are.5. some any 的选择:肯定句用some 疑问句和否定句用any.6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)
一、语法易错点
1. a an的选择: 元音音素开头的单词用an 辅音音素开头的单词用a.
2. am is are的选择: 单数用is 复数用are. I 用 am you 用 are.
3. have has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has 复数用have. I you 用 have .
4. there is there are 的选择:表示某地有某物 某人.单数用there is 复数用there are.
5. some any 的选择:肯定句用some 疑问句和否定句用any.
6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)
二:形容词比较级
当我们需要对事物作出比较时 需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:
什么 动词be (am is are ) 形容词比较级 than(比) 什么 如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的 它的变化规则是:
① 一般的直接在词尾加er 如 tall - taller strong - stronger
② 以e结尾的 直接加r 如 fine – finer
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的 先改y为i再加er 如funny - funnier
④ 双写最后的字母再加er 如big – bigger thin – thinner hot – hotter
☆注意☆
比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.
典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)
比较的两者是我的头发 你(整个人) 那么比较的对象就没有可比性.
应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
三:动词过去式
动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A 规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked learned cleaned visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived danced used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play stay不是辅音字母加y 所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B 不规则动词(此类词并无规则 须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang eat – ate see – saw have – had do – did go - went take - took buy - bought get - got read - read fly - flew am/is - was
are - were say - said leave - left swim - swam tell - told draw - drew come - came lose - lost find - found drink - drank hurt - hurt feel - felt
四:动词现在分词详解
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing 如doing going working singing eating
② 以e 结尾的动词 要先去e再加ing 如having writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running swimming sitting getting
五、人称代词主格及宾格
人称代词分为主格和宾格,主格和宾格区别:主格和宾格汉语意思相同,但位置不同。
Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (宾格)"我"
主格在陈述句中通常放句首,宾格通常放在动词后或介词后,也就是说宾格,不放在句首。
Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)
Excuse me (me 宾格)
I ask him to go (him 宾格)
They sit in front of me (me 宾格)
主格(8个):I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我们you 你们they他(她、它)们
宾格(8个):me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我们 you你们 them他(她、它)们
六:句型专项归类
1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子
如:I'm a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
2 否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子
如:I'm not a student.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.
There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
☆注意☆ 小结:
否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面 可缩写成"isn't aren't" 但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do does did) 然后在它后面加上"not" 你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't doesn't didn't ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择 其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况 而"did"只用于一般过去时 不论主语是什么人称和数 都用"did" .
3 一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子 此类句子必须用"yes" 或"no"来回答.
如:Are you a student ?Yes I am \ No I'm not.
Is she a doctor? Yes she is. \ No she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital ?\Yes he does. / No he doesn't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening?\ Yes I did. / No I didn't.
☆注意☆ 小结:
一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上
①把动词be调到首位 其他照写 末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do does did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形 末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择 其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况 而"did"只用于一般过去时 不论主语是什么人称和数 都用"did" .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致 即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.
4 特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what where who which when whose why how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么 不能用"yes no"来回答.如:
What is this?
Where are you going?
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?
When do you usually get up?
Why do you like spring best ?
How are you?
☆注意☆ 小结:
其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问 如: how many(多少(数量)) how much(多少(钱)) how tall(多高) how long(多长) how big(多大) how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have ?
How many girls can you see ?
how many 用来提问可数名词的数量 主要有以上三种搭配
How many 名词复数 do you have 你有多少……
How many 名词复数 can you see 你能看见多少……
How many 名词复数 are there… 有多少……
七:完全 缩略形式
1、简缩形式的变法:把倒数第二个字母,通常是元音字母变成' 但are除外,are要把a打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're
2、简缩形式和完全形式的汉语意思相同。
3、把完全形式变成简缩形式时,一定要注意第一个字母的大小变化。Eg:What is =What's
4、记住一个特殊变化;let's =let us 让我们(不要把' 变成i)
5、记住:this is 没有简缩形式this's(错误)
6.常见的缩略形式:
I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is
they're=they are you're=you are
there's=there is they're=they are
can't=can not don't=do not
doesn't=does not isn't=is not
aren't=are not let's=let us
won't=will not I'll=I will
wasn't=was not