高考非谓语动词整理讲解(教材中不会讲的高考熟词生义)
高考非谓语动词整理讲解(教材中不会讲的高考熟词生义)Next cover the hole with the plastic sheet securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weightingthe sheet’s center down with a rock. (2017年全国I卷阅读理解D篇)If I could locate the nest I might have been able to put it back but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchorit in a tree. (2017年全国I卷阅读理解B篇)实际上,英语中的名词动化起源于盎格鲁-撒克逊时代。古英语中的“love” “rain”“thunder”等名词就可转为动词使用。随着语言的发展,大部分名词的动词用法其实已经
2019年伊始,网络上出现了一个流行语——“盘他”。这个词出自孟鹤堂和周九良的相声《文玩》中的一句台词 “干巴巴的,麻麻赖赖的,一点都不圆润,盘他。”
“盘”,我们都知道是一种器皿,而在这里“盘”用作动词。
这种由名词转化为动词的语言现象叫作名词动词化。名词动词化后,常常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。
语言是相通的,汉语里有名词动化现象,英语里也同样存在,而且很常见!语言学家Steven Pinker 说“Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries ” “it is one of the processes that makes English English.”
实际上,英语中的名词动化起源于盎格鲁-撒克逊时代。古英语中的“love” “rain”“thunder”等名词就可转为动词使用。随着语言的发展,大部分名词的动词用法其实已经固定下来,成为这个词的一部分了。当然,也会不断有新词汇被创造出来,比如我们熟知的“google”,其动词用法“通过google来搜索信息”已经收录在《韦氏词典》和《牛津英语词典》中。
高考中名词动化现象也是非常多的:
I quickly lower myself duckingmy head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged. (2018 全国III卷语法填空)
If I could locate the nest I might have been able to put it back but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchorit in a tree. (2017年全国I卷阅读理解B篇)
Next cover the hole with the plastic sheet securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weightingthe sheet’s center down with a rock. (2017年全国I卷阅读理解D篇)
这些名词的动词释义往往教材没有收录,而高考却经常出现这样的生义。怎么破?
小编总结了最常见的一些名词动化分类,以帮助大家更好理解名词动化,应对高考。
发生动词化现象的名词主要有以下几类:
1. 表示自然现象的名词
如weather rain flood thunder wind cloud fog wave storm shower dust frost等。
例:Adults understand what it feels like to be floodedwith objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? (2018 全国III卷)
flood名词意思是“洪水”,转化为动词,表示“使淹没;使泛滥”,引申义可指任何事物“如洪水般涌来”,所以这里flood是“堆满;充满”的意思。
2. 表示身体部位的名词
如back eye face skin brain hand arm nose shoulder mouth elbow finger foot heel thumb cheek knee等。
例:The college years are becoming an extended period of adolescence during which many of today’s students are not shoulderedwith adult responsibilities. (2016 北京改)
shoulder名词意思是“肩膀”,转化为动词,表示“用肩膀扛……”,“用肩膀扛起责任”,即为“承担”。
3. 表示身份、职务、称号的名词
如baby mother father author husband parent boss coach volunteer pioneer spy guest title等。
例:Since graduation I have authorednationally published children’s books and over 300 stories and articles. (2009 北京)
author名词意思是“作者”,转化为动词,表示“写作;创作”。
4. 表示场所的名词
如corner house room market shelter school bank farm park tower station garden等。
例:These cottages once housedearly settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers. (2014 浙江)
house名词意思是“房屋”,转化为动词,表示“给……提供住处”。
5. 表示工具类的名词
交通工具如bus bike bicycle train wheel subway truck ship等;其它工具如brush knife fork saw hammer nail pin drill file等。
例:Ms. Mabel Yates the English teacher for over fifty years was wheeledto the Park. Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans (嘟囔声) when Ms. Yates was about to speak. (2012 天津)
wheel名词意思是“轮子”,转化为动词,表示“用轮椅推”。
例:There’s a note pinnedto the door saying when the shop will open again. (2014 山东)
pin名词意思是“别针;大头针”,转化为动词,表示“(用别针) 别住;固定住”。
6. 表示动物名称的名词
如fox parrot monkey horse dog pig wolf fish snake duck worm bug chicken等。
例:The students parrotedthe teacher’s words.
parrot名词意思是“鹦鹉”,转化为动词,表示“鹦鹉学舌般地重复;机械地重复”。
7. 表示物品(实物)的名词
如pocket coat cash flower water cup blanket bed等。
例:She held the bird gently in cuppedhands.
cup名词意思是“杯子”,转化为动词,表示“使手窝成杯状”。
8. 某些抽象名词
如time anger hunger power pressure silence等
例:With each day increase the distance by a half mile. After two weeks starttimingyourself. (2015 全国)
time名词意思是“时间”,转化为动词,表示“计时”。
9. 网络科技类词汇
如email text message bookmark fax inbox friend blog skype youtube ebay facebook tweet等。
例:Kids seem to be texting non-stop these days.
text名词意思是“文本;短信”,转化为动词,表示“发短信”。
可转化为动词的名词还有很多很多,大家如有什么有趣的名词动化例子可在后台留言,一起学习!
(来源:维克多英语)