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中考英语单元构词法:中考英语构词法大全

中考英语单元构词法:中考英语构词法大全1. 动词转化为名词在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。


1

转化法(conversion)



在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。


1. 动词转化为名词


Let me have a try.

让我试试。


They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.

在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。


2. 名词转化为动词


He shouldered his way through the crowd.

他用肩膀推开人群前进。


The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.

从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。


3. 形容词转化为动词


We will try our best to better our living conditions.

我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。


They tried to perfect the working conditions.

他们努力改善工作条件。


4. 形容词转化为名词


He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.

他不辨是非。


The old in our village are living a happy life.

我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。


5. 形容词转化为副词


How long have you lived there?

你在那儿住多久了?


6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词


Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.

穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。


Life is full of ups and downs.

人生有得意时也有失意时。


His argument contains too many ifs and buts.

他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。



2

合成法(composition)


由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法,合成的词叫做合成词(compounds)。合成词的写法由习惯决定,可以写在一起,也可以用连词符号连接。


1. 合成名词


名词/代词 名词

newspaper blood-test she-wolf


动词 名词

typewriter pickpocket daybreak


形容词 名词

greenhouse highway


副词 名词

overcoat outside


名词 v.-ing/v.-ing 名词

handwriting reading-room freezing-point


动词 副词/ 副词 动词

breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome


名词 介词 名词

sister-in-law editor-in-chief


2. 合成形容词


名词 形容词/形容词 名词

world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term


副词 形容词

over-anxious evergreen


名词 过去分词

man-made sun-burnt


名词 现在分词

peace-loving English-speaking


形容词 现在分词

good-looking easy-going


副词 过去分词

well-informed widespread


副词 现在分词

hardworking far-reaching


形容词 名词 ed

warm-hearted absent-minded


数词 名词 ed

three-legged ten-storied


数词 名词

one-way five–star


数词 名词 形容词

ten-year-old 800-meter-long


名词 to 名词

face –to-face door - to -door


3. 合成动词


名词 动词

baby-sit sleepwalk


副词 动词

outnumber underestimate overwork


形容词 动词

whitewash


4. 合成副词


形容词+名词

meanwhile anyway


形容词+副词

everywhere anyhow


副词+副词

however


介词+名词

beforehand overhead


介词+副词

forever


5. 合成代词


代词宾格+self/selves

herself themselves


物主代词+self/selves

myself yourselves


形容词+名词

anything nothing


6. 合成介词


副词+名词

inside outside


介词+副词

without within


副词+介词

into


3

派生法


由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。


1. 前缀


除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。


(1)表示否定意义的前缀


un-unhappy unfinished undress


dis- disagree disbelieve


in[il-(在字母l前),im-(在字母m b p前),ir(在字母r前)]-inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular


mis-misbehave mislead mistake


non-nonstop nonsmoker


(2)表示其他意义的前缀


en-“使……” enrich enlarge encourage


inter-“相互” international intercontinental


re-“再,又,重” rethink retell recycle


tele-“远程的” telescope telephone telegraph


auto-“自动的” automatic automobile


co-“共同” coworker cooperate coexist


anti-“反对,抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear


multi-“多” multistory multicultural multicolor


bi-“双,二”bicycle bilingual bilateral


micro-“极小的,微小的” microwave microcomputer


over-“太多,过分” overwork overdo overestimate


self-“自己,本身” self-centered self-confident self-control


under-“在……下面,……下的,不足的” underline underground underestimate underrate


2. 后缀


(1)形容词后缀


-able “可……的,具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable


-al“与……有关的” physical magical political


-an“属于某地方的人” American African


-ern“方向” southern northern eastern


-ful/ less“(没)有……的” helpful useful homeless hopeless


-ish“如……的;有……特征的” foolish childish selfish


-ive“有……倾向的” active attractive expensive


-en“由……制成的” golden wooden woolen


-ous“有(性质)的” famous dangerous poisonous


-ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily


-y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy


(2)名词后缀


-er / or“表人或用具” farmer baker visitor professor cooker container


-ese“某国(人)的” Chinese Japanese


-ian“某国、某地人;精通……的人” musician Asian Russian technician


-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist scientist communist,socialist


-ess“表女性,雌性” hostess actress princess


-ment“行为或其状态” government movement achievement


-ness“性质,状态” illness sadness carelessness


-tion“动作,过程,结果” invention organization translation


-ance/ ence“抽象;行为、性质、状态” importance appearance absence existence


-th“性质、情况” depth warmth truth


-ful“(满的)量” handful spoonful mouthful


-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility disability reliability


-al“过程、状态” survival arrival approval


-y“性质、情况” modesty delivery honesty


-dom“处于……状态;性质” freedom boredom


-age“状态,行为,身份及其结果” courage storage marriage


(3)动词后缀


-fy / ify“使得;变得” simplify beautify purify


-en“使成为……;变得” shorten deepen sadden


-ize“使成为” apologize realize specialize


(4)副词后缀

-ly“方式,程度” freely truly angrily


ward(s)“向……” towards forward upwards


(5)数词后缀


-teen“十几” fourteen eighteen thirteen


-ty“整十位数” forty fifty sixty


-th“序数词” twelfth twentieth


中考英语单元构词法:中考英语构词法大全(1)



中考英语单元构词法:中考英语构词法大全(2)

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