初中英语形容词和副词练习题,初中英语语法大全
初中英语形容词和副词练习题,初中英语语法大全①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如:Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)⑷后置的情况:⑴作定语时放在名词的前面 且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如:a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。如:The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)
形容词:用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。
1、形容词的句法作用:
作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。
2、形容词在句子中的位置:
⑴作定语时放在名词的前面 且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如:a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)
⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。如:The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)
⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)
⑷后置的情况:
①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如:Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)
②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如:He’s 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380 000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离的38万公里)
3、有关形容词的用法辨析:
⑴ whole与all:记住两个词序:① the whole 名词; ②all (of) the 名词。如:He was busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)
⑵ tall与high short与low:指人的个子时用tall与short;指其他事物时一般用high与low。如:He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)
⑶ real与true:real一般指东西的真假 译为“真的”;而true则指事情或消息的可靠性 译为“真实的”。如:This is a real diamond(钻石) and it’s very expensive.(这是货真价实的钻石 非常贵) / --Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真实吗? 是的 我亲耳所听)
⑷ interested与interesting的区别:interesting指人或东西“有趣的” 作定语或表语 而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的” 只能作表语。如:The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣 孩子们都喜欢他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(这本书很有趣 你会真正获得享受) / I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣)
⑸ such用法: such a(n) 名词(单数)( that从句)。如:I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故 他永远也不会忘记)
⑹ good与well:表示“好”时 作定语或表语用good 作状语用well;表示“(身体)好”时用well.如:Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好学习 天天向上) / --How are you?—I am very well.(你好吗?我很好。)
⑺ nice与fine的区别:nice表示令人愉快的 可以指东西、人物外表等;fine一般指身体或天气好。如:Let’s go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是个漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天气!) /He’s finerecently(最近).(近来他身体不错)
⑻ too much与much too:too much表示“太多的” 修饰事物数量;much too表示“太过 过分” 修饰形容词或副词。如:I am full because I have had too much rice.(我饱了 因为我吃了太多的米饭) / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太贵了)
⑼ quick、fast与soon:quick与fast基本同义 quick往往指反应速度快 fast往往指运动速度快 而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如:After a quick breakfast he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃过早饭 他朝学校赶去 却把书包忘记在家) / A train is much faster than a bus.(火车比公共汽车快得多) / His father will be back toChinavery soon.(他父亲很快就要返回中国)
⑽lonely与alone:lonely是表示心理活动的形容词 意思是:“孤独的 寂寞的” 作定语或表语;alone的意思是:“独自的 单独的” 指无人陪伴 仅作表语 (作为副词的alone可作状语)。如:He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.(他一人独住 但是并不感到孤独)/ He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.(他是个孤独的人 你要和他相处好实在不易)
⑾ other与else的区别:两个词都可以作形容词 但是用法不同 other放在名词前;else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much 后置 另外 or else表示“否则” 是连词。如:The other students are on the playground.(其他学生在操场上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(还有谁能解出这道数学题?) / This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine.(这不是别的什么人的钱 是我的。) / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗?
⑿ special与especial的区别:表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时 两个词可互换 但special较为常用。另外 special还可以表示特别的目的。如: She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重着装) / These are special chairs for small children.(这些是专门给小孩子的椅子)
⒀ gone、lost、missing的区别:gone表示“丢了 没了” 含一去不复返的意思 也可以表示“死了” 作表语或宾补 不可以作定语;lost表示“丢失” 含难以找回的意思 可作定语、表语或宾补;missing表示“失踪了 不见了” 强调某人物不在原处 可作定语、表语或宾补。如:My fever(高烧) is gone but I still have a cough.(发烧消退了 但我仍然咳嗽) / The parents found the lost child at last.(家长终于找到了迷路的孩子) / My dictionary is missing.Who’s taken it away?(我的字典不见了 谁拿走了?) / For more detailed information(详情) of the missing girls please visit our website(网址).(如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情 请访问我们的网站)
⒁ living、alive、live、lively的区别:四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。
living读[‘liviN]有三个意思:①“活着的、现存的” 作表语或定语 ②“一模一样的、逼真的” ③相当于lively 意思是“强烈的、活泼的”;
live读[laiv] 指东西“活的” 可以替换为living;
alive读[[‘laiv]作表语 指人“活着的” 如果作定语 则放在名词的后面;
lively读[‘laivli]有三个意思:①有生气的、活泼的、快活的 ②(色彩)鲜艳的 ③生动的、真实的。
例如:A living language should be learned orally(口头上).(活的语言应该从口头上学)(被动句) / We have a living hope that you will succeed.(我们强烈地希望你能成功) / Is she still alive?(她还活着吗?) / They are the happiest children alive.(他们是活着的最开心的孩子) / This is a live fish.(这是条活鱼) / A live wire(电线) is dangerous.(有电的电线是危险的) / She is as lively as a kitten(小猫).(她像小猫一样可爱) / He gave a livelydescription of the football match.(他生动地描述了那场足球赛)
⒂ sick与ill区别:sick和ill都表示“生病的” 但是 sick可以做定语、表语 而ill只能做表语。如:He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.(他病了很久 现在非常虚弱) / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners like them.(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物 很受宠物主人们的喜爱)
⒃ the poor(穷人们) / the rich(富人们)等用法:“the 形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物 复数含义。如:We must try our best to help the poor.(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们) / The rich never know how the poor are living.(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日子)
副词:用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。
副词
1、副词在句子中的位置以及作用:
⑴做状语:
① 时间副词:一般放在句首或句尾 注意 early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾 already、just一般放在动词的前面。如:We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) / They have already been to theUKtwice.(他们去过英王国两次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)
② 频度副词:一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间 但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾 usually可放在句首 once可放在句尾 twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如:sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次)
③ 方式副词:一般放在行为动之后 suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如:Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然 在黑黢黢的山洞里 他看见了一丝亮光)
④ 地点副词:一般放在句尾 但here、there还可放在句首。如:There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里 你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去 很快又返回)
⑤ 程度副词:修饰动词时 放在动词之前;修饰形容词或副词时 放在形容词或副词之前。但注意 enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面;only位置比较灵活 总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如:I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我 我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)
⑥ 疑问副词:用于对句子的状语进行提问 位置总是在句首。如:When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生?)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上?)/ How do you do?(你好!)
⑦ 连接副词:用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句 在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)
⑧ 关系副词:用来引导定语从句 在从句中作状语。如:This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法)
⑨ 其它副词:too“也” 用在句尾;also放在动词前;either “也不” 放在句尾;nor“也不” 放在句首;so“如此 这样” 放在形容词、副词前;on/off“开/关”放在动词之后;not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前;maybe/perhaps放在句首;certainly放在句首或动词之前。如:He went to the Palace Museum and I went there too.(他去了故宫博物院 我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(汤姆没有计算机 我也没有。)
(2)作表语:地点副词一般可以作表语 放在be等连系动词之后 说明人物所处的位置。如:I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉 他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)
(3)作定语:时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语 放在名词的后面。如:People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)
(4)作宾语补足语:地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如:Put your dirty socks away Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆 把你的脏袜子拿开!它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)
[注意] “动词 副词”的宾语如果是代词 则该副词应该放在代词之后。如:He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)→He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)
2、有关副词的重要注释:
⑴ as…as…常构成一些词组:as soon as…(一旦…就…) as well as…(同样) as 形容词/副词 as possible(尽可能……地)。如:Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)
[注释] “as long / much as 名词”可以表示“长达/多达…”的含义。如:The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。)
⑵ later、after、ago、before的用法:①“一段时间 later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前” 主要用于过去时态。②“after/before 某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前” 此时两个词是介词。③ago与before:ago只能用于过去时 before用于完成时。如:He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一个事故)/ Some years later the boy became a very famous singer.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你从前到过那儿吗?)/ After a few years he gave up smoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。)
⑶ above、below、over、under的用法:在上下方用above和below 在高低处用over和under.如:The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高挂在空中) / A plane flew over quickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)
当above、below、over、under是介词性质时 意义相似。
⑷ too、also、either、nor的用法:too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾 且用逗号隔开;also(“也”)用于肯定句句的谓语动词之前;either(“也”)用于否定句末尾 也用逗号隔开;nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首;如:Are you American too?(你也是美国人吗?)/ He is not happy and I am not happy either.(他不愉快 我也不。) / He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛 我也没有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。)
⑸ enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法: enough (“足够 十分”)放在形容词或副词之后;too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相当”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容词或副词之前 very much(“非常”)放在动词之后。如:It’s too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)/ I don’t like sweets very much.(我不很喜欢糖果)
[注意] very与 much的区别:very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词 much修饰形容词和副词的比较级;much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词 very不可以。如:He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(电影非常动人 大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得学习更努力 不然你考不进那所好学校)/ I don’t like him much.(我不太喜欢他)
⑹ sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法:sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、 sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、 some times(数次)表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如:Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。)
⑺ how、what用于感叹句的用法:对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how 对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what. 如:What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天气真好!) / How difficult (the problem is)!((问题)真难呀!)
⑻ already、yet的用法:在完成时中 already一般用于肯定句 yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如:Have you done it already?(你已经做好了?) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。)
⑼ hard与hardly的用法:hard作为副词意思是:“努力地 猛烈地” hardly是否定词 意思是:“几乎不” 一般与情态动词can/could连用。如:They study English very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰)
⑽ like...very much、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法:三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。如:I like baseball very much.(我非常喜欢棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?( / They like hamburgers best.
⑾“quite/what a 形容词 名词”的用法:记住:①quite/such/what... a 形容词 名词;②too/so/how 形容词 a 名词;③rather a 形容词 名词 = a rather 形容词 名词。如:I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(这真是散步的好日子)
⑿ how 的几个短语:how often“多常 每隔多久” 用于一般时态 对表示频度的词语进行提问; how soon“多久以后” 用于将来时态; how long“多久” 用于过去时、完成时或其他时态; how many times“多少次” 用于过去时或完成时 对总计次数进行提问; how much“多么 多少” 对程度进行提问 也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如:How long have you been like this?(你这样已经多久了?)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次脸?)
⒀ much、more与most的用法:这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外 还是程度副词 much表示“很” 修饰原级形/副 more表示“更”用来构成多音节形/副的比较级 most表示“最”用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外 much也可以修饰比较级形/副。如:This park is much more beautiful than that one.(这个公园比那个漂亮多了)/ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影)
⒁ no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法:表示时间 可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer 而且no longer只能放在谓语动词之前;表示程度 可以用no more、not...any more.如:He no longer lived there.(他不再住在那里) / Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕) / He didn’ t smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽烟)
⒂ 被动语态中 方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。如: The runner was badly hurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤) / English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英语说得很广泛)
⒃ too...to...与so...that...的问题:副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词 to后面跟动词 that后面跟从句。Too...to... (“太.……以致不……”)是否定的结构 用于简单句;so...that...(“如此…以致…”)是肯定结构 用于复合句。如:The child is too young to join the army.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军)/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他这么强壮 搬得动那个重箱子。)
⒄ 既是形容词也是副词的单词有:early late long last next first near enough much all hard alone fast slow high low straight等等。如:It was a long holiday.(那是个长假)/ He stayed there very long.(他在那儿呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就会找到办法)/ He is a very hard(难对付的) person.(他是个难玩的家伙)
⒅ farther与further的用法区别:表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义 意思为“更远、较远” 但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思 此时不能换为farther. 如:They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他们决定第二天走得再远些)/ This problem will be further discussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论)/ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.(他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修)
⒆ rather与quite的用法区别:同very一样 两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度 quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好” rather比quite更接近very的含义 含有令人惊讶的意思。
如:It’s quite a nice film.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影) / It’s rather a nice film.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好)
[注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序次序。
⒇ maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别:maybe“可能、也许” 比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大;possibly“可能地、或者、也许” 可能性较大 在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”;perhaps“可能” 较为常用而且正式 可能性也不大。如:You could put it over there maybe.(也许你可以把它放在那边) / I couldn’t possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time.(我不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书)/ I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting.(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)
(21) most、mostly的区别:most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的” 作为副词时意思为“最 十分、很”;mostly仅为副词 意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。如:I was at home most of the time when I was free.(我有空时大部分时间都在家)Most children are naughty.(大部分的孩子都淘气)/ This is the most exciting part of the film.(这是电影中最令人兴奋的部分)/She is mostly out on Sundays.(星期天她一般不在家)
(22) (be) worth、(be) worthy of的区别:worth一般被看作是介词 后面接名词或者动名词 用主动表示被动含义 还可以用副词well修饰;worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的” 后面跟动名词的被动形式。如:What is worth doing at all is worth doing well(凡是值得做的 就值得好好去做). / The house is worth ¥300 000.(房子价值30万元)/ This book is well worth reading several times.(这本书值得好好读几遍)/ It is a thing worthy of being seen.(这是一个值得看的东西)
(23)almost、nearly的区别:两个词意思相近 都表示“几乎、将近” 大多数情况下可以互换 与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly. almost no 相当于hardly any(几乎没有)。如:He had done almost nothing today.(他今天几乎没有干什么) / We are almost/nearly there.(我们几乎就到那里了)/ Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words.(几乎没有人懂他的话)
(24) a bit与a little的区别:这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用 修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级 可以互换 语气比rather弱。如:This digital camera is a bit(a little) expensive.(这台数码相机有点贵)/ It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷了点)
另外 a little可以直接加不可数名词 a bit 则采用“a bit of 名词(不可数或可数名词复数)”的形式。如:I have got a bit of a cold.(我有点感冒)/ Go and get a little water for me please.(请你去给我搞点水来)
[注意] not a bit(=not at all)意为“根本不” 而 not a little则意为“非常 不是一点”。
形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级
1、分类:形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。
原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
2、规则变化:
(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词 在原级的后面加上er est构成比较级和最高级。
a)直接加er est :
b)以重读闭音节结尾的 要双写最后一个辅音字母 后加er est:
c)以辅音字母 y结尾的 先把y改为i再加上er est:
(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的 在原级前加more / most.
3、不规则变化:
原级
比较级
最高级
good好的
better更好的
best最好的
well好;(身体)好的
bad badly糟糕的 糟糕地
worse更糟糕的 更糟糕的;(身体)更不舒服的
worst最糟糕的 最糟
糕地;(身体)最不舒服的
ill(身体)不舒服的
many许多的(可数)
more更多的;更
most最多的;最
much许多的(不可数);非常
little少的
less更少的
least最少的
far远的;远地
farther更远的;更远地
farthest最远的;
最远地
further进一步的(地)
furthest最深刻的(地)
形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法:
(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时 用原级。基本句型是:
主语(sb./sth) 谓语动词 (very/too/so/quite/rather…) 形容词/副词原级 ….
如:He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)
☆表示两者之间没有差别时 使用句型:
主语(第一个人物) 谓语动词 as 形容词/副词原级 as 第二个人物 ….
如:He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)
☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时 使用句型:
主语(第一个人物) 谓语动词(否定式) as / so 形容词/副词原级 as 第二个人物 ….
如:He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)
(2) 讲述两者有差异 第一个人物超过第二个人物时 用比较级。基本句型:
主语(‘A’) 谓语动词 (much/a little/even/still) 形容词/副词比较级 than 第二个人物(‘B’) ….
如:A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)
讲述两者有差异 第一个人物不及第二个人物时 用比较级。句型是:
主语(‘A’) 谓语动词 less (多音节形/副)比较级 than 第二个人物(‘B’) ….
如:I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗?)
(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时 用最高级。句型是:
主语(sb./sth) 谓语动词 (the) 形容词/副词最高级 in / of ….
如:The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)
关于比较等级的重要注释:
1、以上六个句型中 如果动词是及物或不及物动词 则后面用副词;如果后面是连系动词 则后面用形容词。如:This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)
2、“比较级 and 比较级”表示“越来越……”。如:The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)
3、“the 比较级… the 比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。如:The more trees we plant the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多 情况就会越好)/ The harder you try the greater your progress is.(你越是努力 进步就越大)
4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still 而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如:It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗?)/He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)
5、more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于” 相当于副词 more than=over; less than=under.如:I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)
6、“one of the 最高级 名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义 谓语要用单数形式。如:One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)
7、“Which / Who 动词 形/副 □ □or□?”句型中 如果有两个选项 形/副用比较级 如果有三个选项 形/副用最高级。如:Who has more books Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多?)/ Which is the heaviest a pig a horse or an elephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重?)
8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时 用比较级 而且往往还要加the;含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时 用最高级。如: --Do you like the smaller one?—Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗?一个都不喜欢)/ --Which do you like best? –All of them!(你最喜欢哪个?全部。)