孙子兵法全文原文朗读，孙子兵法10地形篇
孙子兵法全文原文朗读，孙子兵法10地形篇Ground which can be abandoned but is hard to reoccupy is called entangling.With regard to ground of this nature be before the enemy in occupying the raised and sunny spots and carefully guard your line of supplies. Then you will be able to fight with advantage.Sun Tzu said: We may distinguish six kinds of terrain to wit:(1) Accessible ground; (2) entangling ground; (3) temporising ground; (4) n
《孙子兵法》是中国现存最早的兵书，也是世界上最早的军事著作，被誉为“兵学圣典”。共有六千字左右，一共十三篇。（1 始计篇；2 作战篇；3 谋攻篇；4 军形篇；5 兵势篇；6 虚实篇；7 军争篇；8 九变篇；9 行军篇；10 地形篇；11 九地篇；12 火攻篇；13 用间篇）内容涵盖国家战略、军事战略、治军理念、战斗战术。
孙子曰：地形有通者，有挂者，有支者，有隘者，有险者，有远者。我可以往，彼可以来，曰通；通形者，先居高阳，利粮道，以战则利。可以往，难以返，曰挂；挂形者，敌无备，出而胜之；敌若有备，出而不胜，难以返，不利。我出而不利，彼出而不利，曰支；支形者，敌虽利我，我无出也；引而去之，令敌半出而击之，利。隘形者，我先居之，必盈之以待敌；若敌先居之，盈而勿从，不盈而从之。险形者，我先居之，必居高阳以待敌；若敌先居之，引而去之，勿从也。远形者，势均，难以挑战，战而不利。凡此六者，地之道也；将之至任，不可不察也。
孙子说：地形有通、挂、支、隘、险、远等六类。我们可以去，敌人可以来的地域叫做通；在通形地域，应抢先占据地势高而向阳的地方，并保持粮道畅通，这样与敌交战就有利。可以前进，不易返回的地域叫做挂；在挂形地域，敌军如无防备，就要突然出击战胜它；如果敌有防备，我出击不能取胜，就难以返回，于我不利。凡是我出击不利，敌出击也不利的地方，叫做支；在支形地区，敌人虽然以利诱我，也不要出击；最好是带领部队假装离去，诱使敌军前出一半时，我突然发起攻击，这样有利。在隘形地，我若先敌占据，就要用重兵堵塞隘口，等待敌人来攻；如果敌军已先我占据隘口，并以重兵据守，那就不要进击，若敌人没有用重兵据守隘口，就迅速攻取它。在险形地区，如我先敌占领，要占据地势高而向阳的地方侍击敌人；如果敌人已先占领，那就主动撤退，不要进攻它。在远形地区，双方势均力敌，不宜挑战，勉强求战，于我不利。以上六点，是关于利用地形的原则；这是将帅的重要责任，是不可不认真考虑研究的。
Sun Tzu said: We may distinguish six kinds of terrain to wit:
(1) Accessible ground; (2) entangling ground; (3) temporising ground; (4) narrow passes; (5) precipitous heights; (6) positions at a great distance from the enemy.
Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides is called accessible.
With regard to ground of this nature be before the enemy in occupying the raised and sunny spots and carefully guard your line of supplies. Then you will be able to fight with advantage.
Ground which can be abandoned but is hard to reoccupy is called entangling.
From a position of this sort if the enemy is unprepared you may sally forth and defeat him. But if the enemy is prepared for your coming and you fail to defeat him then return being impossible disaster will ensue.
When the position is such that neither side will gain by making the first move it is called temporising ground.
In a position of this sort even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait it will be advisable not to stir forth but rather to retreat thus enticing the enemy in his turn; then when part of his army has come out we may deliver our attack with advantage.
With regard to narrow passes if you can occupy them first let them be strongly garrisoned and await the advent of the enemy.
Should the enemy forestall you in occupying a pass do not go after him if the pass is fully garrisoned but only if it is weakly garrisoned.
With regard to precipitous heights if you are beforehand with your adversary you should occupy the raised and sunny spots and there wait for him to come up.
If the enemy has occupied them before you do not follow him but retreat and try to entice him away.
If you are situated at a great distance from the enemy and the strength of the two armies is equal it is not easy to provoke a battle and fighting will be to your disadvantage.
These six are the principles connected with Earth. The general who has attained a responsible post must be careful to study them.
entangle [ɪn'tæŋɡ(ə)l]使纠缠；使混乱；使卷入；连累；
temporise ['tempəraɪz]v.拖延时间（不迅速作决定等）；
sally ['sæli] 俏皮话；出击；突袭；冲出；动身；
forestall [fɔr'stɔl]预先阻止；在（他人）之前行动；先发制人；
故兵有走者，有弛者，有陷者，有崩者，有乱者，有北者。凡此六者，非天之灾，将之过也。夫势均，以一击十，曰走；卒强吏弱，曰弛，吏强卒弱，曰陷；大吏怒而不服，遇敌怼而自战，将不知其能，曰崩；将弱不严，教道不明，吏卒无常，陈兵纵横，曰乱；将不能料敌，以少合众，以弱击强，兵无选锋，曰北。凡此六者，败之道也；将之至任，不可不察也。
军队失败的情况有走、弛、陷、崩、乱、北等六种。这六种情况，都不是由于天灾造成的，而是由于将帅的过失所致。在敌我条件相当的情况下，如果攻击十倍于我的敌人，因而失败的，叫做走。土卒强悍，将吏懦弱，因而失败的，叫做弛。将吏本领高强，士卒怯弱，因而失败的，叫做陷。部将怨怒而不服从指挥，遇到敌人忿然擅自出战，主将又不了解他的能力而加以控制，因而失败的，叫做崩。主将软弱而又缺乏威严，训练教育不明，吏卒无所遵循，布阵杂乱无章，因而失败的，叫做乱。主将不能正确判断敌情，以少击多，以弱击强，又没有精锐部队为骨干，因而失败的，叫做北。以上六种情况，必然导致军队的失败；这是将帅的重大责任，是不可不认真考虑研究的。
Now an army is exposed to six several calamities not arising from natural causes but from faults for which the general is responsible. These are: (1) Flight; (2) insubordination; (3) collapse; (4) ruin; (5) disorganization; (6) rout.
Other conditions being equal if one force is hurled against another ten times its size the result will be the flight of the former.
When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak the result is insubordination. When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak the result is collapse.
When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment before the commander-in-chief can tell whether or not he is in a position to fight the result is ruin.
When the general is weak and without authority; when his orders are not clear and distinct; when there are no fixed duties assigned to officers and men and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner the result is utter disorganization.
When a general unable to estimate the enemy's strength allows an inferior force to engage a larger one or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one and neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank the result must be a rout.
These are six ways of courting defeat which must be carefully noted by the general who has attained a responsible post.
calamity [kə'læməti] 灾害；
insubordination [.ɪnsəbɔrd(ə)n'eɪʃ(ə)n] 不服从命令；抗命；犯上；
rout [raʊt] 溃败；彻底失败；彻底击败；使溃败；
slovenly ['slʌv(ə)nli] 邋遢的；衣冠不整的；凌乱的；马虎的；
haphazard [hæp'hæzəd] 偶然性；任意性；随意的；随便的；无计划的；任意的；杂乱无章地；
夫地形者，兵之助也。料敌制胜，计险厄远近，上将之道也。知此而用战者必胜，不知此而用战者必败。
地形是用兵的辅助条件。正确判明敌情，制定取胜计划，研究地形的险易，计算道路的远近，这些都是将帅的职责。懂得这些道理去指导作战的，就必然胜利，不懂得这些道理去指挥作战的，就必然失败。
The natural formation of the country is the soldier's best ally; but a power of estimating the adversary of controlling the forces of victory and of shrewdly calculating difficulties dangers and distances constitutes the test of a great general.
He who knows these things and in fighting puts his knowledge into practice will win his battles. He who knows them not nor practises them will surely be defeated.
故战道必胜，主曰无战，必战可也；战道不胜，主曰必战，无战可也。故进不求名，退不避罪，唯人是保，而利合于主，国之宝也。
所以，如果根据战场实情确有必胜把握，即使国君命令不要打，也可以坚决地打；如果根据战场实情不能取胜，即使国君命令打，也可以不打。作为一个将帅，应该进不贪求战胜的功名，退不回避罪责，只求国家和军队得以保全，符合于国君的根本利益，这样的将帅才算是国家最宝贵的人材。
If fighting is sure to result in victory then you must fight even though the ruler forbid it; if fighting will not result in victory then you must not fight even at the ruler's bidding.
The general who advances without coveting fame and retreats without fearing disgrace whose only thought is to protect his country and do good service for his sovereign is the jewel of the kingdom.
视卒如婴儿，故可与之赴深溪；视卒如爱子，故可与之俱死。厚而不能使，爱而不能令，乱而不能治，譬若骄子，不可用也。
将帅对士卒能像对待婴儿一样体贴，士卒就可以跟随将帅赴汤蹈火；将帅对士卒能像对待自己的“爱子”一样，士卒就可以与将帅同生共死。但是，对士卒如果过分厚养而不能使用，一味溺爱而不能驱使，违犯了纪律也不能严肃处理，这样的军队，就好比“骄子”一样，也是不能用来打仗的。
Regard your soldiers as your children and they will follow you into the deepest valleys; look upon them as your own beloved sons and they will stand by you even unto death.
If however you are indulgent but unable to make your authority felt; kind-hearted but unable to enforce your commands; and incapable moreover of quelling disorder: then your soldiers must be likened to spoilt children; they are useless for any practical purpose.
quell [kwel] 镇压(叛乱等)；平息；镇定
知吾卒之可以击，而不知敌之不可击，胜之半也；知敌之可击，而不知吾卒之不可以击，胜之半也；知敌之可击，知吾卒之可以击，而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。故知兵者，动而不迷，举而不穷。故曰：知彼知己，胜乃不殆；知天知地，胜乃不穷。
只了解我军能打，而不了解敌军不可以打，取胜的可能性只有一半；只了解敌军可以打，而不了解我军不能打，取胜的可能性也只有一半；了解敌军可以打，也了解我军能打，而不了解地形条件不可以打，取胜的把握仍然只有一半。所以，真正懂得用兵的将帅，他行动起来，目的明确而不迷误，他所采取的措施变化无穷而不呆板。所以说：了解敌方，了解我方，就能必胜不败；了解天时，了解地利，胜利就不可穷尽了。
If we know that our own men are in a condition to attack but are unaware that the enemy is not open to attack we have gone only halfway towards victory.
If we know that the enemy is open to attack but are unaware that our own men are not in a condition to attack we have gone only halfway towards victory.
If we know that the enemy is open to attack and also know that our men are in a condition to attack but are unaware that the nature of the ground makes fighting impracticable we have still gone only halfway towards victory.
Hence the experienced soldier once in motion is never bewildered; once he has broken camp he is never at a loss.
Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself your victory will not stand in doubt; if you know Heaven and know Earth you may make your victory complete.
impracticable [ɪm'præktɪkəb(ə)l] 不可行的；不切实际的; 行不通的；不能实行的；无法使用的。
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