世界杯十大冷门战车：埃铁全记录千锤百炼

世界杯十大冷门战车：埃铁全记录千锤百炼卡斯柯负责“产品设计-设备采购-现场施工-后期维保”全生命周期服务。这也是卡斯柯在海外的首个全信号系统集成项目。项目启动后，卡斯柯迅速组建起一支专业技术过硬、项目经验丰富的海外项目团队，由卡斯柯项目经理李振飞带队陆续前往开罗，与总包、业主及监理方进行联合办公。“从2018年起，我们团队就开始频繁往返中埃两地，开展调研工作，并配合总包参与前期设计。”李振飞说，随着项目进度不断推进，到2020年卡斯柯在开罗设置项目驻地时，常驻人员已达20人。“如果算上机动往返人员，保守估算，在一千多个日夜里，有80余人往返于中埃两地。”Given that the division of design phases the expression pattern and in-depth planning on documents and drawings design management and loc

CBTC roots in Egypt through untiring effort

文 张国慧 牟宗元 李振飞 徐高洁

7月的尼罗河畔，文明古国埃及一条全新的交通线——斋月十日城铁路通车了。它从开罗市区出发，一路向东，途径多个卫星城，最后抵达新行政首都的心脏地带。铁路沿线的埃及人民均享受到了技术领先、安全可靠的城轨信号系统支持，这得益于凝聚了中国智慧的Urbalis 888 CBTC信号系统解决方案。信号系统是保证列车运行安全、提高行车效率的“最强大脑”，中铁二院地铁院信号设计团队和卡斯柯信号有限公司（以下简称“卡斯柯”）全程参与了“大脑”的设计工作。

In July on the east bank of the Nile the ancient country of Egypt ushered in a brand new transportation route. The 10th of Ramadan Railway was opened to traffic. It starts from downtown Cairo and reaches the heart of the new administrative capital after winding northwards through several satellite cities. The Egyptians along the route are supported by a technologically advanced safe and reliable urban rail signaling system thanks to the Urbalis 888 CBTC signaling solution which is entirely made in China. The signaling system is the “mightiest brain” to ensure the safe operation and improve the traffic efficiency and the signaling design team of China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd. and CASCO were fully involved in the design of the “brain”.

方案设计：从水土不服到轻车熟路Scheme design: From “being unacclimatized” to managing with ease

斋月十日城铁路是埃及首条采用CBTC信号系统、具备数字化和信息化雏形的轨交线路，标志着埃及轨道交通事业掀开了崭新的一页。

The 10th of Ramadan Railway is the first railroad route in Egypt to adopt the CBTC signaling system with digitalization and information technology marking a brand new chapter in Egypt’s rail transportation circle.

项目设计阶段划分、文件图纸表达方式和深细度、设计管理、当地运营管理习惯等均与国内有很大差别，给设计工作带来了巨大挑战。设计团队迎难而上，结合项目特点，因地制宜，从水土不服到轻车熟路，从经验设计到科学合理设计，从无数次方案比选到设计文件一个个批复，激烈交锋，取长补短。

Given that the division of design phases the expression pattern and in-depth planning on documents and drawings design management and local operation management habits of the project are very different from those in China which brings great challenges to the design. The design team tackled the difficulties head on and took into consideration the project characteristics and local conditions shifting from “being unacclimatized” to being able to manage with ease. They moved from empirical design to scientific and rational design from countless proposal selections to design documents approved one by one. They try to make the best of both worlds through intense brainstorming.

卡斯柯负责“产品设计-设备采购-现场施工-后期维保”全生命周期服务。这也是卡斯柯在海外的首个全信号系统集成项目。项目启动后，卡斯柯迅速组建起一支专业技术过硬、项目经验丰富的海外项目团队，由卡斯柯项目经理李振飞带队陆续前往开罗，与总包、业主及监理方进行联合办公。“从2018年起，我们团队就开始频繁往返中埃两地，开展调研工作，并配合总包参与前期设计。”李振飞说，随着项目进度不断推进，到2020年卡斯柯在开罗设置项目驻地时，常驻人员已达20人。“如果算上机动往返人员，保守估算，在一千多个日夜里，有80余人往返于中埃两地。”

CASCO is responsible for the whole life cycle service of “product design equipment procurement site construction and post-maintenance”. This is CASCO’s first full signal system integration project overseas. After the project was launched an overseas CASCO project team that is experienced professional and competent was set up immediately led by project manager Li Zhenfei and flew to Cairo to work jointly with the general contractor owner and supervisor company. “Since 2018 our team has been shuttling frequently between China and Egypt to conduct research and cooperate with the general contractor in the preliminary design.” Li Zhenfei said that as the project progressed and CASCO set up the project site in Cairo in 2020 the number of on-site staff reached 20. “Besides that we also have many temporarily-assigned people entering and leaving the project site constantly. With a conservative estimate there are more than 80 people traveling between China and Egypt during more than 1 000 days and nights.”

对于埃及业主来说，CBTC信号系统还是一个新事物。国内很多工程师视为理所当然的东西，在跟业主沟通时却常常不被理解，因此整个项目从初期的方案设计开始，就充满了坎坷。

The CBTC signaling system is still a new thing for the Egyptian owner. Many of the things Chinese engineers took for granted were often incomprehensible to them during the communication so the whole project was full of hiccups from the initial schematic design.

轨旁设备安装定测进行中

“刚开始与业主、监理进行技术交流时，进展非常缓慢。一个简单的技术问题，有时候需要耗费大量时间去沟通解释。”卡斯柯技术经理徐高洁回忆道，“设计评审表上经常会看到密密麻麻的批注，都是需要跟业主、监理反复讨论确认的内容，有的文档甚至需要经过十余版修改才能通过审批，真是令人头疼”。

“When we first started the technical communication with the owner and the supervisor we made slow progress. Sometimes we even took a lot of time to communicate and explain a simple technical issue.” Technical Manager Xu Gaojie recalled “The design review forms were often filled with innumerable notes that needed to be repeatedly discussed and confirmed with the owner and supervisor. Some documents even required more than ten times of revisions before they could be approved which was really head-scratching at first.”

“后来我们意识到，必须先帮助业主打破根深蒂固的传统观念束缚，让他们快速对CBTC建立系统认识。”卡斯柯海外工程部副经理叶国胜说。

“Then we realized that we must first help the owner break with convention built by deep-rooted concepts so that they can understand CBTC quickly ” said Ye Guosheng Deputy Manager of Overseas Engineering Department.

于是，2019年至2020年期间，卡斯柯组织了多场CBTC的技术分享会和培训活动，邀请业主、监理到中国参观考察，以加强各方沟通效率。多名埃及学员到中国的轨道交通知识培训也是由卡斯柯承办的，其中2名学员后来还加入卡斯柯埃及项目部实习，全程参与了埃铁项目建设。

So in 2019 and 2020 CASCO organized several technical sharing sessions and training workshops on CBTC and invited the owner and supervisors to visit China so as to enhance the communication efficiency of all parties. Meanwhile Egyptian trainees went to China for training on rail transportation knowledge which was organized by CASCO and two of them later joined CASCO’s Egyptian project internship and participated throughout the construction of the 10th of Ramadan Railway.

经过一段时间的磨合，各方沟通开始渐入佳境，设计方案得以有序推进。2021年11月，7大类设计文件，总计200多份文档，逐一通过评审，斋月十日城铁路CBTC信号系统设计方案得以全部定稿。

After a period of time the communication between the parties started to be smooth and gradual progress had been made in the design plan. In November 2021 more than 200 documents from seven major categories of design collections had been approved in succession and the design of CBTC signaling system for the 10th of Ramadan Railway was hammered out.

从0到1，埃及轨交实现多项突破Starting from scratch the Egyptian railway system has achieved many breakthroughs

由于是第一次采用CBTC系统，埃及国家电信管理局（NTRA）提出设备测试要求后出具了测试报告，要求中方运用全球最新的网络安全技术手段。面对政府部门的要求，中铁二院与卡斯柯技术团队积极修改技术方案，通过更新软件、增加硬件设备，选用多种信息加密手段，实验室硬件环境测试合格后，最终通过了NTRA指定的第三方公司的严格测试。该系统也是轨道交通领域第一个通过独立第三方认证公司审计的CBTC信号系统。

Since it was the first time to adopt the CBTC system the National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (NTRA) in Egypt issued a test report after requesting equipment testing urging the Chinese side to apply the latest global network security technology. Facing the government requirements China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd. and CASCO technical team modified the technical solution actively. CASCO finally passed the strict test by a third-party company appointed by NTRA after updating the software increasing hardware equipment choosing various information encryption methods and passing the test of the laboratory hardware environment. This system is also the first CBTC signaling system in the rail transportation sector to pass the audit by an independent third-party certification company (SGS).

工作人员确认运营前信号设备状态

有了中方设计团队的技术支持，埃铁项目一举实现了多个维度的技术升级，完成了多项从0到1的重要突破：埃及第一条CBTC线路、第一条具备信息安全功能的线路、第一条实现设备动态维护监测的线路……一个个“第一”，按下了埃及轨道交通数字化、信息化发展的加速键。

With the technical support of the Chinese design team the 10th of Ramadan Railway Project has actualized several technical upgrades in several dimensions and accomplished a number of important breakthroughs from scratch such as the first CBTC line in Egypt the first line with information security features and the first line with dynamic maintenance monitoring of equipment ... Each “first” facilitates the digitalization and informatization of Egyptian rail transportation.

“我们在设计系统时，尽可能地把一些技术理念先进的子系统模块加进去，其中很多都具备数字化和信息化的功能。”说到这里，徐高洁十分欣慰，“希望通过这个项目，帮助客户进行轨交信号技术迭代升级”。

“When we designed the system we added some sub-system modules with advanced technology concepts as much as possible many of which have digital and informatization functions.” Xu Gaojie said thankfully “We hope that through this project we can help with further iterative upgrading of rail signal technology for clients.”

事实上，此次合作对埃及轨道交通的发展确实产生了很大的影响。埃及地铁随后启动的几个新项目，都毫无意外地选择了CBTC系统，并开始对轨道交通的自动化和数字化提出要求。

In fact this cooperation has indeed had a great impact on the development of rail transportation in Egypt. Several new projects subsequently launched by the Egyptian metro have unsurprisingly opted for the CBTC system and have begun to demand automation and digitization of rail transportation.

除了CBTC基础功能模块，设计团队还根据埃及的本地化需求，进行了特定的系统配置和软件开发。

In addition to the basic CBTC functional modules the design team also carried out specific system configuration and software development based on localized Egyptian requirements.

中国区分列车和段内调车的信号显示方案与埃及有较大差异，如开罗3、4号线，车辆段信号显示主要有红、红闪、白、绿，白灯表示向非轨道电路区域行车的允许信号，且车辆段信号机还设有进路指示器和限速指示器。此外，埃及未将车辆段列车作业与调车作业明显区分，车辆段行车与正线类似。经过多层级疏通、多次讲解，业主和监理终于批复了车辆段列调结合显示方案。该项目是卡斯柯首次在城轨项目中采用进路指示器，且满足用户使用习惯，为当地司机在车辆段行车和降级模式下行车提供了明确的进路终点方向指示，让司机得以随时了解列车行驶的目的股道，保证调度人员与司机对列车运行任务理解的一致性。

The signal display scheme for differentiating train and section shunting in China is quite different from that in Egypt. For example the section signals system along the metro lines 3 and 4 in Cairo includes red red flashing white and green among which the white light indicates the permitted signal to the non-track circuit area. In the meantime the signal machine of the vehicle section also has approach indicator and speed limit indicator. In addition Egypt does not clearly distinguish the car depot train operation from the shunting operation and the car depot traffic is similar to the main line. After multiple clarifications and explanations the owner and supervisor finally approved the combination of train operation and shunting in the car depot. This project is the first CASCO’s trial of using approach indicators in urban rail projects and it meets the user’s usage habits providing local drivers with the clear direction of the approach endpoint under the car depot operation and downgrade mode and allowing them to know the destination of the train at all times. It will also ensure a consistent understanding of train operation between dispatchers and drivers.

此外，还开发了转辙机人工操岔授权功能，能够对转辙机维保活动起到更好的防护作用。调度人员可以通过联锁对相关联进路、防护区段的卡控，保证运营列车不靠近相关道岔区域。

In addition a manual point switch authorization function has been developed to provide better protection for point switch maintenance activities. The dispatcher can manage the relevant joint approach road and guard section which ensures that the trains are not close to the relevant turnout area.

室内室外一致性调试

打破质疑，“中国制造”赢得认同“Made in China” receives wide recognition from the used-to-be skeptics

除了为斋月十日城铁路定制化设计CBTC信号系统，卡斯柯还牵头主导信号设备的采购工作。值得一提的是，这些信号设备大量都是中国制造。设备采购期间，卡斯柯遵循当地实行的欧洲标准，且在设备选型、系统集成及工程实施方面严格满足业主要求。

In addition to the customized CBTC signaling system for the Railway CASCO also took the lead in the procurement of signaling equipment. It is worth noting that a significant amount of this signaling equipment was manufactured in China. During the procurement CASCO followed the locally applied European standards and met the owner’s requirements in terms of strict equipment selection system integration and project implementation.

为了做好质量总把关，卡斯柯制定了严格的设备供应商筛选机制，经过多轮研讨得出优选名单，再提交总包方、业主和监理进行资格审核。“我们要比客户想得更多、更全、更长远，要提前想到客户可能提出的种种顾虑，并一一给出解决方案。比如，我们会考虑到埃及当地特殊的气候和自然环境，从而在筛选设备时对其防水、防尘、防电磁干扰等性能进行严格评估。”李振飞说。

In order to guarantee the quality CASCO established a strict selection mechanism for equipment suppliers and after discussions a preferred list was submitted to the main contractor the owner and the supervisor for review. “We have to think further and comprehensively for the long run than our clients as well as to think ahead of all the concerns that our customers may raise and offer solutions one by one. For example we took into account the local climate and natural environment in Egypt so that we can strictly evaluate the performance of the equipment in terms of waterproof dust-proof and anti-electromagnetic interference during the selection.” Li Zhenfei said.

2020年11月，卡斯柯邀请埃及业主和监理方来中国验收设备。当他们来到上海，亲眼看到中国轨道交通行业的发展成就，纷纷露出惊讶的表情，赞不绝口，“中国发展得太好了”“中国制造的设备质量靠谱”。起初对“中国制造”的所有质疑随之烟消云散，设备很快通过验收，并陆续发往埃及。

In November 2020 CASCO invited the Egyptian owner and supervisors to China to accept the equipment. When they arrived in Shanghai and saw with their own eyes the development of the rail transportation industry in China they were amazed and commented with praise “China is developing so well.” “The quality of the equipment made in China is reliable!” All the initial doubts about Chinese manufacturing also dissipated. The equipment soon passed the acceptance test and then began to be shipped to Egypt.

卡斯柯埃及学员信标烧录测试

在正线条件还不完善、部分道岔尚未移交的情况下，项目团队在确保安全的条件下，优先完成所有具备条件部分的轨道数据校核以及轨旁低速动态调试。在保开通的关键时期，多家单位在正线交叉作业，卡斯柯信号系统的动车调试可谓争分夺秒，尽一切努力争取更多调试作业点，并顺利按照既定计划进行动车调试中各项功能的测试，确保无漏项、无错项。室内设备、车载设备、室外设备的安装、调试见证和室内外一致性见证、ATC子系统功能验收等多项测试，高质量、高标准地通过TUV认证，为按期载客试运营提供了强有力的保障。

The project team prioritized the track data verification and track-side low-speed dynamic commissioning for all the conditioned sections while ensuring safety as the main lines were not yet developed and some of the turnouts had not yet been handed over. During the critical period of opening many units took shifts working on the main line and the commissioning of CASCO’s signaling system was sort of a race against time and every effort was made to get more slots for commissioning. The testing of all functions in the commissioning was carried out smoothly as scheduled to ensure that there were no loopholes. After the installation of indoor equipment mobile units outdoor equipment commissioning witnessing indoor and outdoor consistency witnessing ATC subsystem function acceptance and many other tests we passed the TUV certification with high quality and high standard which provided a strong guarantee for the trial operation of passengers on schedule.

2021年4月，开始安装定测工作；2021年5月启动第一次静态调试；2022年3月启动第一次动态调试……设计是先头兵，从初步设计开始到后续详细设计和施工配合全过程，信号系统设计人员长期驻守现场，提供及时、全方位的服务。施工配合过程中，现场设计人员经常顶着高温，迎着风沙，深入一线，巡检施工现场，确保施工质量。即使在新冠肺炎疫情全球暴发的情况下，信号系统设计人员始终坚守项目现场，及时协调、配合现场调试，兑现了如期通车的承诺。

In April 2021 the installation and testing started; in May 2021 the first static commissioning started; in March 2022 the first dynamic commissioning was carried out ... Throughout the process from the preliminary design to the subsequent detailed design and construction the signal system designers united as a spearhead were stationed at the site to provide timely and comprehensive services. In the process of construction site designers always patrolled the construction site and ensured the quality of construction regardless of heat and sandy wind. Even during the COVID-19 the signal system designers stayed at the project site coordinated and cooperated with the site commissioning staff in time and fulfilled the promise of smooth commissioning as scheduled.

伴随着斋月十日城铁路的开通，尼罗河畔那座历经千年风霜的古城、炎炎的烈日、漫天的风沙，以及这段难忘的经历都刻进了信号设计团队成员记忆深处……

Along with the opening of the 10th of Ramadan Railway the story of the ancient city along the Nile River that has survived thousands of years of hardships the blazing sun the wind and sand and this unforgettable experience are deeply imprinted in the memory of the design team ...

（张国慧系中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司高级工程师；牟宗元系中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司工程师；李振飞系卡斯柯信号有限公司项目经理；徐高洁系卡斯柯信号有限公司技术经理）

来源：《一带一路报道（中英文）》2022年4期

编辑：李卉嫔

审核：贾琪

校对：雷露

主编：邓灼

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