be动词七种用法(be动词的用法这里最全)
be动词七种用法(be动词的用法这里最全)It had been three hours before she left the hat shop.He has been ill for six days.He isa student.They werein the park yesterday.It will be cloudy tomorrow.
be是英语动词中比较特殊的一类动词,其使用频率很高,牵涉到各种句型、时态和语态等用法,今天就跟大家分享一下be动词的各类用法。
作为系动词(也叫连系动词,link verb)的be,是英语学习者接触最早的用法,而且其用法也很多。其基本含义为“是”,基本用法结构为“主语 be 表语”,也就是我们常说的主系表结构,其中的表语一般都由名词、形容词、数词或表地点、时间等的短语来充当。
系动词be有各种时态的变化,也会和情态动词连用。
(一)be的时态变化系动词be会有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等的时态变化。如:
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He isa student.
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They werein the park yesterday.
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It will be cloudy tomorrow.
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He has been ill for six days.
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It had been three hours before she left the hat shop.
其用法为:情态动词 系动词be原形。如:
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It must be Lucy's book. Her name is on the cover.
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It can be very difficult for us to memorize too many words within such a short time.
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She should be here on time tomorrow.
更多有关系动词的用法,大家可以戳这里:一站式珍藏:英语九大词类
二、助动词be作为助动词,be没有具体含义,而是与主要动词一起构成句子的谓语动词。这种情况下,be主要用来构成进行时和被动语态。
此时,be可以与主要动词的现在分词一起,构成各种进行时态。如:
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He is reading in the library now. (现在进行时)
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She wasswimming in the river this time yesterday. (过去进行时)
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They will be arriving in Beijing tomorrow. (将来进行时)
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We have been learning English for ten years. (现在完成进行时)
助动词be能够与主要动词的过去分词一起构成被动语态,即be done结构。如:
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Chinese iswidely used around the world nowadays.
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The window wasbroken by the naughty boy just now.
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Your watch has already beenrepaired.
助动词be能够构成特殊句型。如:
1、be going to dobe going to do表示“打算或将要”。如:
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He isgoing to visit us next week.
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It isgoing to rain soon.
be about to do表示“刚要,即将”。与be going to do表“将要”不同的是,be about to do表示的是说完话后马上就要去做或是短期内马上就要去做。如:
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The plane isabout to take off in five minutes' time.
be to do表示“按计划要做”。如:
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One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she wasto have this special boy.
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The new store isto be opened tomorrow.
与上面用法都不同的是,be可以与there一起构成there be句型,用来表示存在。考虑到There be句型较为重要,内容较多,在此不做赘述,后面再找时间跟大家单独分享。今天就先给几个常见的例句。
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There is a white ruler on the desk.
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There were a great many people in the car race last year.
这种情况下,句子一般以Be开头或是Don't be开头,表示命令或建议等。如:
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Bepatient! (耐心点!)
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Don't be so hard on me! (不要对我们这么严厉!)
be有时可以放在句首,引起虚拟语气。如:
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Be he rich or poor she will marry him.
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Be it true or not she will see it herself.
此时的be引导的句子其实相当于一个让步状语从句。以上两句话就相当于:
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Whether he be rich or poor she will marry him. (无论他是否有钱,她都会嫁给她。)
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Whether it be true or not she will see it herself. (无论这是否是真的,她都会亲自去见证。)
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