图文内容怎么计算完播率(单播以及多播的书写实验)
图文内容怎么计算完播率(单播以及多播的书写实验)实验拓扑:l 直通线以及串口线l 通过此实验练习,可以更好的掌握IPv6地址书写以及分类实验环境:l 两台支持SPSERVICES的IOS的路由器
实验目的:
l 学习对每个分类单播的理解以及书写
l 学习对每个分类多播的理解以及书写
实验说明:
l 通过此实验练习,可以更好的掌握IPv6地址书写以及分类
实验环境:
l 两台支持SPSERVICES的IOS的路由器
l 直通线以及串口线
实验拓扑:
l 单播的书写实验:
实验步骤:
R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#IPv6 address 2012::1/64
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2012::/64 eui-64
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
测试:
R2#ping 2012::1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2012::1 timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5) round-trip min/avg/max = 20/25/48 ms
R1#show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0 [up/up]
FE80::C801:2BFF:FE24:0
2012::1
R2#show ipv6 interface brief
FastEthernet0/0 [up/up
FE80::C802:23FF:FE68:0
2012::C802:23FF:FE68:0
实验步骤:
R1(config)#interface loopback 0
R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2012::11/64
R1(config-if)#ipv6 unnumbered Loopback 0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config)#interface s1/0
R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2012::12/64
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
验证:
R1#show ipv6 interface brief
Serial1/0 [up/up]
FE80::C801:2BFF:FE24:0
unnumbered (Loopback0)
Loopback0 [up/up]
FE80::C801:2BFF:FE24:0
2012::11
R2#show ipv6 interface brief
Serial1/0 [up/up]
FE80::C802:23FF:FE68:0
2012::12
测试连通性:
R1#ping 2012::12
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2012::12 timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
分析:
R1#show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - Default - 3 entries
Codes: C - Connected L - Local S - Static U - Per-user Static route
M - MIPv6 R - RIP I1 - ISIS L1 I2 - ISIS L2
IA - ISIS interarea IS - ISIS summary D - EIGRP EX - EIGRP external
C 2012::/64 [0/0]
via Loopback0 directly connected
L 2012::11/128 [0/0]
via Loopback0 receive
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via Null0 receive
解决方法:
R1(config)#ipv6 route 2012::12/128 s1/0
R1#show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - Default - 4 entries
Codes: C - Connected L - Local S - Static U - Per-user Static route
M - MIPv6 R - RIP I1 - ISIS L1 I2 - ISIS L2
IA - ISIS interarea IS - ISIS summary D - EIGRP EX - EIGRP external
C 2012::/64 [0/0]
via Loopback0 directly connected
L 2012::11/128 [0/0]
via Loopback0 receive
S 2012::12/128 [1/0]
via Serial1/0 directly connected
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via Null0 receive
测试:
R1#ping 2012::12
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2012::12 timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5) round-trip min/avg/max = 16/28/44 ms
提问:
当通过借助Loopback0的地址赋予以太网口的时候,做了最长匹配的静态路由,仍然无法ping通直连,这是为什么?
分析:
对于以太网和串口线路的最大的区别在于数据链路层,我们都知道以太网数据链路依赖MAC地址,而串口却不需要。当一个数据包想要发出去,必须满足封装成帧的条件。在数据链路层上分析,必须要知道源mac和目的mac,而当将Loopback0的地址借给以太网口时,是无法通过以太网口发送关于2011::11的NS数据报的,则对方就无法学到对应的MAC地址,无法封装数据,也就无法通信。
验证:
R1#show ipv6 neighbors
IPv6 Address Age Link-layer Addr State Interface
2012::12 0 ca02.2368.0000 REACH Fa0/0
FE80::C802:23FF:FE68:0 0 ca02.2368.0000 REACH Fa0/0
R2#show ipv6 neighbors
IPv6 Address Age Link-layer Addr State Interface
FE80::C801:2BFF:FE24:0 0 ca01.2b24.0000 STALE Fa0/0
总结:
IPv6分三大类:单播,多播,任意波
单播又细分很多类别,每个不同分类的取值范围不在本文档描述。
其中全局单播地址和唯一本地地址类似于IPv4的公网IP和私网IP地址。另一种比较头疼的地址是链路本地地址,链路本地地址主要体现接口的唯一性而定义的,我们都知道接口同时配置IPv6地址已经是信手捏来的事情,而在接口上多个IPv6的地址都是可以生效的,那就间接的说明,要表示一个接口的唯一性任务只能让链路本地来承担。
一个接口的唯一性能有很多的功能。比如:谁都不会喜欢我今天的网关变来变去,而在ipv6的网络中pc指定的网关,都是网关接口的链路本地地址,显而易见,接口上的多个IPv6地址的应用已经不怎么能让我们认为其中的一个IPv6地址能担此大任。
l 多播的书写实验:
分析:
IPv6的多播类似于IPv4的组播,前面8bit位全1,后4bit作为flags位,前3位置0,第4位置1表示本地分配,置0位众所周知的。在后4bit位表示组播范围。对于组播的实验更多的是理解那些设备如何加入到哪个多播里的。对于多播,我们必须要理解众所周知的link-local的组播地址,即FF02的组播地址。
实验步骤:
R2#show ipv6 interface f0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled link-local address is FE80::C802:23FF:FE68:0
No Virtual link-local address(es):
Global unicast address(es):
2012::12 subnet is 2012::/64
Joined group address(es):
FF02::1
FF02::1:FF00:12
FF02::1:FF68:0
MTU is 1500 bytes
ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds
ICMP redirects are enabled
ICMP unreachables are sent
ND DAD is enabled number of DAD attempts: 1
ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds (using 30589)
R2(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R2#show ipv6 interface f0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled link-local address is FE80::C802:23FF:FE68:0
No Virtual link-local address(es):
Global unicast address(es):
2012::12 subnet is 2012::/64
Joined group address(es):
FF02::1
FF02::2
FF02::1:FF00:12
FF02::1:FF68:0
MTU is 1500 bytes
ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds
ICMP redirects are enabled
ICMP unreachables are sent
ND DAD is enabled number of DAD attempts: 1
ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds (using 30589)
ND advertised reachable time is 0 (unspecified)
ND advertised retransmit interval is 0 (unspecified)
ND router advertisements are sent every 200 seconds
ND router advertisements live for 1800 seconds
ND advertised default router preference is Medium
Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses.
提问:
由于多播从来都是不属于某一个接口的,那么我如何去定义多播的MAC地址,要知道如果没有MAC地址,是无法封装成帧,也就是无法通信.
总结:
对于多播的MAC地址的问题,是通过从该多播地址的后32位继承,并将此32位值加入3333(16进制)的后面,正好构成48bit的mac,以这样的方式实现组播MAC的构建。
对于多播地址,我们涉及更多的是对于接口加入多播的理解,以及多播传递范围的理解。我们必须要清楚组播是众所周知的还是临时的,也要区分是本地区域的多播(FF02),还是站点本地区域的多播(FF05)。