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英语语法举例对比(英语语法之比较结构)

英语语法举例对比(英语语法之比较结构)与其说成功在于运气,不如说在于辛勤劳动。Success lies not so much in luck as in hard work.他入睡和醒过来都很迅速。The room is not so big as we imagined.房间没有我们想象的大。(2)not so much...as...表示“与其......不如......”(否定前者,肯定后者)。如:

1.原级比较
(1)as...as结构,表示“和...一样”,其否定式形式为not so/as...as;该结构前可以用nearly almost nothing like(绝对不) just twice (three)times等修饰词,表示某种程度的相等。如:You're nothing like as critical as you used to be.你一点也不像过去那样挑剔。

I just want to read as interesting a book as that one.=I just want to read a book as interesting as that one.

我只是想读跟那本一样有趣的书。

He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.

他入睡和醒过来都很迅速。

The room is not so big as we imagined.房间没有我们想象的大。

(2)not so much...as...表示“与其......不如......”(否定前者,肯定后者)。如:

Success lies not so much in luck as in hard work.

与其说成功在于运气,不如说在于辛勤劳动。

He is not so much a scholar as a pedant.

与其说他是个学者,不如说他是个书呆子。

(3)A is to B what C is to D句型,其中的连词what可以用来表示比较两种事物相同或相似的关系,表示“A之于B就好像C之于D一样”。但如果是数与数的比较,则一般用as。如:

To the Portuguese the dry salted cod is what pasta is to the Italians.

咸鳕鱼干对葡萄牙人来说,就像面食对于意大利人一样不可或缺。

2 is to 4 as 8 is to 16. // As 2 is to 4 (so) 8 is to 16.

2比4等于8比16。

2. 比较级

(1)常用结构:形容词/副词的比较级 than,其否定形式为less 形容词/副词原级 than。比较级前面可用a bit a little a lot even far greatly many much slightly still等表示程度的词修饰。注意:当more后面接复数名词时,不能用much来修饰,而用many或far等词来修饰。如:

Mike is much less heavy than his brother.

迈克远没有弟弟重。

They need many more volunteers than we think.

他们需要志愿者的人数比我们设想的多得多。

(2)“the 比较级...,the 比较级”表示“越...越...”。该结构前面部分是状语从句,后面部分是表示结构的主句,整个句子表示“后面部分随着前面部分的变化而变化”。如:

The older we grow the poorer our memory will become.

年纪越大,记忆力越差。

(3)比较级的特殊结构

more A than B 或 rather A than B 与其说是B,不如说是A

less A than B 或 not so much A as B 与其说是A,不如说是B

none other than 不是别的......正是......

more than 不只是,极其

no more than 仅仅,只不过

no more...than... 与......一样不......

other than 不同于......,非......

His visit to New York was more than sightseeing.

他去纽约不只是为了观光。

You are not capable of speaking English any more than I am. // You are no more capable of speaking English than I am.

你和我一样都说不好英语。

Our teacher asked us to write a no more than three-thousand-word eassy.

老师要求我们写一篇不超过3000字的文章。

In his composition there were no other errors than a few misspelled words.

在他的作文里除了几个拼写错误,没有别的错误。

This room is no bigger than that one.

这间房和那间一样小。

比较:This room is not bigger than that one.

这间房不比那间大。

(4)“of a/an 名词”相当于一个形容词,表示具有后面那个名词的性质,可用于以下搭配:as much/little of a 名词 as分句;more/less of a/an 名词 than分句。如:

What he told us was more of an illusion than a reality.

他对我们所说的在很大程度上是一种幻觉而不是真实的东西。

3. 最高级

基本结构为:(the )形容词/副词的最高级 比较范围。最高级的含义也可通过more...than as...as 否定词 比较级等结构表达。如:

This is one of the best movies I've ever watched.

这是我看过的最好的电影之一。

My mother does more housework than any of us.

妈妈做家务活比我们任何人都要多。(妈妈干家务活最多)

Nothing is more attractive to me than reading. // Nothing appeals to me more than reading.

没有什么比阅读对我更有吸引力。

The Yangtze River is among the longest rivers in the world.

长江是世界上最长的河流之一。

4. as,than引导比较状语从句

在as...as和more...than等比较结构中,as/than可作连词,引导比较状语从句,充当从句中的主语、表语、宾语的作用,其功能类似于定语从句的关系代词。如:

Children should not have more money than is needed.

孩子们不应该有比需要的更多的钱。

The medicine is more effective than is expected.

这药比预期的更有效。

She makes as much(money) as I do.

她赚的钱和我赚的一样多。

5. 倍数表达法

a. “A is 倍数 the size/length/width of B” (A是B的几倍大小/长/宽)。

b. “A is 倍数 as 形容词或副词原级 as B” (A是B的几倍)。

c. “A is 倍数 more than B” (A比B多几倍)。

The Yangtze River is almost three times the length of (=three times as long as=twice longer than) the Pearl River.

长江差不多是珠江的三倍长。/长江差不多比珠江长两倍。

6. 具有比较意义的特殊形式

(1)一些本身就具有比较意义的单词,其后面常接介词to引出比较的对象,而不能用than。常见的有:senior to(比......年长;比......地位高),junior to(比......年少;比......级别低),anterior/prior to(在......之前),posterior to(晚于),prefer to(更喜欢,宁愿),superior to(比......优越),interior to(比......差,低于......的)。

(2)表示对比的一些标志性词语,如like,unlike,in contrast,in comparison with,compared with等,可用于同级比较、比较级和最高级。注意不要混淆compare with(与......相比)和compare to(把......比作)。如:

The Prime Minister's support staff is tiny in comparison with(=compared with) that of a US President.

和美国总统比起来,首相的参谋团人数少的可怜。

(3)一些表示完全、极限的形容词由于本身意义的关系,不能采用比较结构。常见的有:absolute(绝对的),correct(正确的),complete(完全的),excellent(优秀的),empty(空的),false(错的),maximum(最高/最大的),perfect(最好的),unique(独一无二的),wrong(错误的)等。

Shakespeare occupies a unique place in English literature.

莎士比亚在英国文学史上占有独一无二的地位。


英语语法举例对比(英语语法之比较结构)(1)

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