跟着外刊学英语（读外刊科学学英语）

跟着外刊学英语（读外刊科学学英语）在这里，我们报告了一种灵活、无线、无电池传感器，该传感器使用细菌响应性DNA水凝胶提供基于智能手机的伤口感染检测。Here we report a flexible wireless and battery-free sensor that provides smartphone-based detection of wound infection using a bacteria-responsive DNA hydrogel.无线技术和生物传感器的融合为检测和管理临床环境以外的医疗条件提供了可能。Wound infections represent a major clinical challenge in which timely detection is critical for effective interventions but this is currently h

本文节选自2021年11月19日发表在《科学》（SCIENCE ADVANCES Vol 7 Issue 47）的论文，A wireless and battery-free wound infection sensor based on DNA hydrogel——一种基于DNA水凝胶的无线无电池伤口感染传感器。

A wireless and battery-free wound infection sensor based on DNA hydrogel

一种基于DNA水凝胶的无线无电池伤口感染传感器

The confluence of wireless technology and biosensors offers the possibility to detect and manage medical conditions outside of clinical settings.

无线技术和生物传感器的融合为检测和管理临床环境以外的医疗条件提供了可能。

Wound infections represent a major clinical challenge in which timely detection is critical for effective interventions but this is currently hindered by the lack of a monitoring technology that can interface with wounds detect pathogenic bacteria and wirelessly transmit data.

伤口感染是一个主要的临床挑战，及时检测对有效干预至关重要，但目前缺乏一种能够与伤口连接、检测致病菌和无线传输数据的监测技术，这阻碍了这一目标的实现。

Here we report a flexible wireless and battery-free sensor that provides smartphone-based detection of wound infection using a bacteria-responsive DNA hydrogel.

在这里，我们报告了一种灵活、无线、无电池传感器，该传感器使用细菌响应性DNA水凝胶提供基于智能手机的伤口感染检测。

The engineered DNA hydrogels respond selectively to deoxyribonucleases associated with pathogenic bacteria through tunable dielectric changes which can be wirelessly detected using near-field communication.

工程化的DNA水凝胶通过可调介电变化选择性地响应与致病细菌相关的脱氧核糖核酸酶，可通过近场通信无线检测。

In a mouse acute wound model we demonstrate that the wireless sensor can detect physiologically relevant amounts of Staphylococcus aureus even before visible manifestation of infection.

在小鼠急性伤口模型中，我们证明无线传感器甚至在可见感染表现之前就可以检测到生理相关数量的金黄色葡萄球菌。

These results demonstrate strategies for continuous infection monitoring which may facilitate improved management of surgical or chronic wounds.

这些结果证明了持续感染监测的策略，这可能有助于改善外科或慢性伤口的管理。

重点词汇

wound infection 伤口感染

based on 以……为基础；在……基础上，以……为依据

hydrogel 水凝胶

lack of 缺少；缺乏；需要

pathogenic bacteria 病原细菌

associated with 与…有关 ; 参加 ; 与…相联系

near-field 近场

confluence两条河流的交汇口；融合；合并

biosensors生物传感器；（biosensor的复数）

hindered阻碍；（hinder的过去式和过去分词）；后面的

wounds伤口；（wound的复数）；使受伤；（wound的第三人称单数）；受伤，伤害

hydrogel水凝胶

engineered设计；制造；精心安排；策划；改变（生物体）的遗传性状；（engineer的过去式和过去分词）

selectively有选择地

tunable音调美的；可合调的；能调出和声的；可调音的

Wearable biosensors linked with smartphones provide an opportunity to detect pathophysiological events in real time to notify patients and their caregivers.

与智能手机相连的可穿戴生物传感器提供了实时检测病理生理事件的机会，以通知患者及其护理者。

Such technology has the potential to transform the diagnosis prevention and management of chronic medical conditions by enabling continuous monitoring outside of traditional clinical settings.

通过在传统临床环境之外实现持续监测，这种技术有可能改变慢性疾病的诊断、预防和管理。

Chronic wounds represent one such condition where management is a major health care challenge consuming over 5% of the health care budget.

慢性伤口代表了一种这样的情况，其中管理是一个主要的医疗保健挑战，消耗超过5%的医疗保健预算。

A key factor contributing to the inability of chronic wounds to heal is the presence of pathogenic bacteria which secrete virulent enzymes that destroy host tissues and disrupt wound recovery.

导致慢性伤口无法愈合的一个关键因素是致病细菌的存在，它分泌毒力酶，破坏宿主组织并破坏伤口恢复。

Prompt detection of wound infection is thus critical for clinical intervention to improve patient outcomes.

因此，及时检测伤口感染对于临床干预以改善患者预后至关重要。

However current methods for detection rely on either subjective clinical assessments or time-consuming culture-based laboratory tests leading to delays in timely administration of proper treatment.

然而，目前的检测方法依赖于主观临床评估或耗时的基于培养的实验室测试，导致及时给予适当治疗的延误。

重点词汇

continuous monitoring 连续监视

health care 医疗

key factor 关键因素

rely on 依靠 ; 信赖

wearable可穿用的；可佩带的；可穿戴计算机；衣服

biosensors生物传感器；（biosensor的复数）

smartphones智能手机；（smartphone的复数）

in real time实时；进行实时；在实时

caregivers照顾者；看护人（caregiver的复数）

secrete分泌；隐藏；躲藏

virulent致命的；剧毒的；充满敌意的；恶毒的；传染性极强的

disrupt扰乱；打断；彻底改变…的结构；使…的结构破裂

Recent advances in flexible electronics have yielded a variety of sensing concepts for interfacing with wounds and tracking clinically relevant parameters.

柔性电子技术的最新进展产生了各种各样的传感概念，用于连接伤口和跟踪临床相关参数。

The most advanced sensors for this purpose measure parameters with well-established methods of electronic transduction such as temperature pressure humidity and pH. These parameters can afford insights about the local wound environment but do not directly reflect bacterial virulence.

为此目的，最先进的传感器使用成熟的电子传递方法测量参数，如温度、压力、湿度和pH值。这些参数可以提供关于局部伤口环境的信息，但不能直接反映细菌的毒性。

Using optical and electrochemical techniques biosensors capable of detecting specific markers of pathogenic bacteria at the point of care have been developed.

利用光学和电化学技术，已经开发出能够在护理点检测致病细菌的特定标记的生物传感器。

However the integration of such sensors into a wearable device is challenging because of the complexity of the readout instrumentation.

然而，由于读出仪器的复杂性，将这种传感器集成到可穿戴设备中是具有挑战性的。

Stimuli-responsive materials provide an alternative sensing approach where biological signals are transduced into conveniently detectable changes in material properties.

刺激响应材料提供了另一种传感方法，在这种方法中，生物信号被转换成可方便检测的材料特性变化。

Because of their broadly tunable tissue-like mechanical properties stimuli-responsive hydrogels have been widely exploited for sensing applications such as colorimetric indicators of wound pH.

由于其广泛可调的、类似组织的机械性质，刺激响应性水凝胶已被广泛用于传感应用，例如伤口pH的比色指示剂。

Although recent work demonstrates strategies to extend the programmability and response of hydrogels existing sensors still lack the ability to detect wound infection and wirelessly transmit data in a way that enables the wound to be continuously monitored without disturbance.

尽管最近的工作展示了扩展水凝胶的可编程性和响应性的策略，但现有的传感器仍然缺乏检测伤口感染和无线传输数据的能力，无法在不受干扰的情况下持续监测伤口。

重点词汇

a variety of 各种各样的 ; 种种 ; 形形色色

most advanced 先进的 ; 高级的 ; 高等的 ; 晚期的，后期的 ; advanced的最高级

capable of 可以…的 ; 能…的 ; 易…的 ; 敢于…的

mechanical properties 机械性能；力学性质

Here we propose and demonstrate a sensing technology termed wireless infection detection on wounds (WINDOW) which detects bacteria virulence using a flexible wireless and battery-free sensor.

在此，我们提出并演示了一种传感技术，称为伤口无线感染检测（WINDOW），该技术使用灵活、无线和无电池传感器检测细菌毒性。

This sensor is based on a custom DNA hydrogel (DNAgel) that provides a radio frequency detectable response to deoxyribonuclease (DNase) an enzyme secreted by opportunistic pathogens—including Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes—commonly implicated in clinical wound infections but not substantially produced by skin-colonizing commensal bacteria.

该传感器基于定制DNA水凝胶（DNAgel），该水凝胶可对脱氧核糖核酸酶（DNase）产生射频检测反应，脱氧核糖核酸酶是一种由金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌等机会致病菌分泌的酶，化脓性链球菌通常与临床伤口感染有关，但不是由皮肤定植的共生细菌产生的。

DNase can act as a virulence factor that facilitates bacteria dissemination from biofilms and bacteria evasion of neutrophil extracellular traps deployed by the host immune defense.

DNA酶可以作为一种毒力因子，促进细菌从生物膜传播，并使细菌逃避宿主免疫防御系统部署的中性粒细胞胞外陷阱。

When exposed to extracellular DNase the DNAgel is degraded via nonspecific cleavage of DNA strands resulting in dissolution of the hydrogel.

当暴露于细胞外DNA酶时，DNA凝胶通过DNA链的非特异性断裂降解，导致水凝胶溶解。

This changes the dielectric permittivity of the region above an interdigitated electrode and therefore modulates its capacitance.

这会改变叉指电极上方区域的介电常数，从而调节其电容。

By connecting the electrode to an embedded system this electronic signal can be read out in a wireless and battery-free manner using near-field communication (NFC) a connectivity technology found on most modern smartphones for short-range communication and wireless power transfer.

通过将电极连接到嵌入式系统，可以使用近场通信（NFC）以无线和无电池的方式读取电子信号。近场通信是一种连接技术，可用于大多数现代智能手机的短距离通信和无线电源传输。

WINDOW has a thin and flexible form factor that enables it to be conformally embedded into wound dressings to wirelessly track virulence factor activity on demand.

WINDOW有一个薄而灵活的形状因子，可以将其整合到伤口敷料中，根据需要无线跟踪毒力因子的活动。

We demonstrate the potential of WINDOW for real-time detection of clinically relevant amounts of S. aureus both in vitro and in a mouse wound model before visible manifestation of infection.

我们证明了在可见感染表现之前，WINDOW在体外和小鼠伤口模型中实时检测临床相关金黄色葡萄球菌量的潜力。

This technology may facilitate timely detection of wound infections for improved management of surgical or chronic wounds.

该技术可以促进伤口感染的及时检测，以改善外科或慢性伤口的管理。

重点词汇

based on 以……为基础；在……基础上，以……为依据

radio frequency 无线电频率 ; 射频

response to 对…的反应

act as充当

exposed to曝露于；接触；暴露于

and therefore因此；因而

read out读出；读取；宣读

found on上发现；上找到；上发现了

form factor形状系数；形状因数；形状因子

on demand一经要求；承索

Clinically the sensor could be embedded in wound dressing to enable patients to monitor their wounds between clinical assessments and seek appropriate intervention in the event that infection is detected.

临床上，传感器可嵌入伤口敷料中，使患者能够在临床评估期间监测其伤口，并在检测到感染时寻求适当干预。

Future work will focus on technological developments to provide additional capabilities for wound care.

未来的工作将侧重于技术发展，以提供额外的伤口护理能力。

For example in addition to detecting infection quantitative assessment of infection severity could be valuable in helping to determine the appropriate treatment at the point of care.

例如，除了检测感染外，对感染严重程度的定量评估有助于确定护理点的适当治疗。

In this aspect existing sensors for measuring wound temperature moisture and pH as well as specific biomarkers could be integrated with the device to provide multiplexed analysis.

在这方面，用于测量伤口温度、湿度和pH值以及特定生物标记物的现有传感器可与设备集成，以提供多路分析。

重点词汇

wound dressing 伤口敷药

in the event that 万一发生… ; 如果是那样子的话 ; 假若…

focus on 专注于 ; 关注，聚焦于

in addition to 另外，加之，除…之外

as well as 以及 ; 既…又… ; 除…之外 ; 此外

基于多年的语言学习实践，发现，随着社会的飞速发展，英语、汉语等重要语言也在不断的与时俱进。这个时候，我们以不变应万变的方法之一，可以是阅读主流刊物。

针对英语而言，无论是为了提高英语水平还是备考任何英语考试，英美外刊都应该是列为首选的最重要的学习资料。当我们真正深入去精读过英美外刊，不仅可以了解英语国家的文化，增长我们的见识，对于英语学习来说，还能够积累以英语为母语者的常用词汇，短语和句型。

建议大家在阅读本文时：第一遍快速阅读，领悟文章重点，了解大意；第二遍开始精读，每看完一段，要仔细体会其中每一句在段落中的功能，各句之间的联系，这一段是如何衔接上下文的，它在整个语篇中的地位，以提高你猜测词义和推理上下文能力；第三遍可以查看中英翻译，继续从微观到宏观地理解原文，学会区分重点和次要信息（这对考试时的阅读非常重要），总结词汇，搭配和句型，并且最好独自翻译一遍原文，以进一步加强理解。

最后建议大家要学以致用，利用从文章中学到的词汇，搭配，句型以及长难句结构进行造句，提高英文写作能力。

学习路径建议：金句记忆——关键词学习——拓展词汇训练——触类旁通——举一反三。

温馨提示：阅读完看着中文译文自己动手翻译出英文，然后将您译的英文与原文进行对比，以此来提升英文表达和句子结构的准确性和地道性。