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虚拟语气的用法归纳图(潜在语气IV)

虚拟语气的用法归纳图(潜在语气IV)此外,如果明知某种估测不真实的话,我们甚至用动词的过去式,例如 If I knew If I were (意为 I don't know I am not.)。于是我们有:所以,用什么语气主要取决于说话者的意图,他觉得是一个可能发生的事实,还是一种纯粹估测。If...is if...comes 等等用于比较可能发生的事实,而 if...should 等用于理论上的估测(其中 should 可省略)。If he should be there again bring him to me. (他到过那儿,我告诉过他不要再去了,但是万一他再去的话,带他来见我)If I am elected send me a telegram.If I were (should be) you I would resign at once.

虚拟语气的用法归纳图(潜在语气IV)(1)

我们经常用 if 表达条件,如 if it rains if he comes 等等。正如 can you come? 和 could you come? 之间存在差异一样,if he comes 和 if he should come 之间同样存在差异。


Tell him to wait if he comes. (他很可能来)

Tell him I am not at home if he should come. (他很少来,我不指望他会来)

If he is there tell him to come at once. (他可能会在那儿)

If he should be there again bring him to me. (他到过那儿,我告诉过他不要再去了,但是万一他再去的话,带他来见我)

If I am elected send me a telegram.

If I were (should be) you I would resign at once.


虚拟语气的用法归纳图(潜在语气IV)(2)

所以,用什么语气主要取决于说话者的意图,他觉得是一个可能发生的事实,还是一种纯粹估测。If...is if...comes 等等用于比较可能发生的事实,而 if...should 等用于理论上的估测(其中 should 可省略)。

此外,如果明知某种估测不真实的话,我们甚至用动词的过去式,例如 If I knew If I were (意为 I don't know I am not.)于是我们有:

  1. If he comes.
    If I am.
  2. If he come.
    If I be.
  3. If he should come.
    If I should be.
  4. Should he come.
    Should I be.
  5. If he came.
    If I were.

上述第2、3、4种形式在意义上是完全等同的。

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