八下人教版英语知识点归纳（英语教学读精选外刊）
八下人教版英语知识点归纳（英语教学读精选外刊）(2) Because ladybirds eat greenfly it follows that a decrease in the numbers of ladybirds will lead to a rise in the population of greenfly.(1) If we posit that wage rises cause inflation it follows that we should try to minimize them.这个句子的意思是：考虑到俄罗斯的战争理念，以及其不断增长的武器库，它有可能在某些情况下对美国动用核武器，因为它认为美国不会因为俄罗斯使用低当量核武器就将莫斯科夷为平地。因此，美国需要在和俄罗斯的冲突中保持旗鼓相当。这个句子中，大家注意到这么一个句式：It follows that… 这是一个固定句式，意思为“由此得出，由此可
这个系列文章希望通过帮助大家学习阅读外刊，从而达到学习英文句型的目的。在完整的文章或句子中去学习一些句型，可以帮助大家更好地了解和记忆，这也对往后的句型运用能够起到一定的帮助。
在写作的过程中，通常我们要表达一个因果关系的时候，我们会使用一些连接词来让句子更加的通畅，一般情况下，我们使用到比较多的连接词有：
so/thus/therefore/consequently/as a result/as a consequence/for this reason等，为了帮助大家更深入学习这种用法，我们在这里介绍一个新的用法：
Mr Mattis has argued that judging both by its declared philosophy and its growing arsenal Russia could in certain situations resort to “battlefield” nuclear weapons in the belief that America would not want to respond to the use of a low-yield nuclear weapon by annihilating Moscow. It follows that America needs to be able to match Russia at every level of escalation.
这个句子的意思是：考虑到俄罗斯的战争理念，以及其不断增长的武器库，它有可能在某些情况下对美国动用核武器，因为它认为美国不会因为俄罗斯使用低当量核武器就将莫斯科夷为平地。因此，美国需要在和俄罗斯的冲突中保持旗鼓相当。
这个句子中，大家注意到这么一个句式：It follows that… 这是一个固定句式，意思为“由此得出，由此可以推断出”。
这个句子在日常的使用中其实是非常实用的，主要用于连接有因果关系的上下文。例如剑桥词典的两条例句：
(1) If we posit that wage rises cause inflation it follows that we should try to minimize them.
(2) Because ladybirds eat greenfly it follows that a decrease in the numbers of ladybirds will lead to a rise in the population of greenfly.
在一些话题作文中，有很多场景是可以用上这个句式的，比如：
Research has shown that increased investment in higher education has a positive effect on a country’s gross domestic product. In the long term a society with more educated citizens will experience more innovation greater productivity and higher global competitiveness. It follows that governments should make higher education available to all students.
2.形容某事物能带来好处对于怎么去形容某事物拥有很多优点，同时还能够带来一些好处呢？我们日常中比较常用的，简单的说法是：something is beneficial/something can offer many benefits，但是除了这些之外，其实还有更多更地道优秀的用法：
But when many in the West are contemplating their future with new foreboding it is important to understand why the sceptics are wrong; why economic integration is a force for good; and why globalisation far from being the greatest cause of poverty is its only feasible cure.
上面这段话中有这样一句话：why economic integration is a force for good（为什么经济一体化是有益的）。在这个句子中有这么一个句式：a force for good，这是一个常见，同时又是非常地道的英文写作表达句式，主要的意思是“某事物是有益的，某事物能带来好处”。比如麦克米伦词典中有这样的例子：
The Internet can be a force for good by helping to spread knowledge.
大家要注意的是，这个短语也是非常适用于考场作文中的，例如：
(1) Despite its potential risks genetically engineering technology can be a force for good by helping to fight hunger and poverty.
(2) In recent years many Chinese citizens have taken a keen interest in western holidays and festivals. As long as foreigners do not try to impose their beliefs on the local people the growing popularity of western festivals can be a force for good.
3.支持/反对某事物的理由大家一起来看一段出自The Economist的关于非洲电网建设的文章——Light-bulb moment:
Typically countries connect citizens with vast grid-extension programmes. Big grids make perfect sense for populous places. They can cheaply supply power generated far away to millions and as they incorporate more wind and solar energy they are becoming greener. But in remote places the economic case for grids becomes hard to make.
这个句子的主要意思是：通常情况下国家通过大规模电网将电输送给民众，这种做法对于人口稠密的地区很合理，但对于偏远地区来说，在经济上可能并不划算。
这段话中值得注意的是最后一句话：the economic case for grids becomes hard to make. 这里的case跟平时我们所熟悉的意思不太相同，它的含义是“论点；事实”(a set of facts and arguments that you can state for or against something)，the economic case for grids becomes hard to make 从字面上的意思来看指的是“使用电网在经济上的理由并不充分”，而引申的含义为“使用电网在经济上并不划算”。
因此，当case使用的是这个含义的时候，通常会配合几个常见的句型。比如要表达“支持／反对修建核电站的理由很充分”，可以说：
There is a good case for/against building nuclear plants.
“对于削减开支，他有很好的理由”，可以说：
He makes a good case for cutting expenses.
“目前减税的理由很充足”，可以说：
A case can be made for reducing taxes right now.
4.在……之间取得平衡当我们想要表达在两个不同的选择中进行取舍的时候，通常情况下我们会使用这种表达方式：在……和……之间取得平衡，对……和……进行协调。这种句型我们可以参考一下句子：
Any welfare reform entails trade-offs between the cost of a scheme and its effects on poverty and incentives to work. No scheme is perfect. But a good basis is the negative income tax which subsidises workers below an earnings threshold while taxing those above it.
这个句子的第一段的意思是“任何社会福利的改革都需要在方案的成本以及它对于减少贫穷和激励工作之间取得平衡”。在这个句子中，trade-off在这里的意思是“（在相互对立的两者间的）权衡，协调”：
需要注意的是，a trade-off between A and B 也是一个应用很广的句型，举两个例子：
(1) In the face of serious pollution many countries have to make a trade-off between economic growth and environmental protection.
(2) More and more office workers feel that they have to make a trade-off between their job and their family.
总结：
本期一共介绍了以下几个表达：
(1) It follows that…
(2) be a force for good
(3) a case can be made
(4) a trade-off between A and B
