英语美文朗读长篇励志（英语美文人可以失败吗）
英语美文朗读长篇励志（英语美文人可以失败吗）希腊悲剧的目的是向观众展示，可怕的事情可以而且经常发生在好人身上，因此我们必须在失败面前保持同情和善良。Greek tragedy was designed to show audiences that terrible things can and very often do happen to good people and therefore we must remain sympathetic and kind in the face of failure.公元前4-9年，雅典，伟大的剧作家索福克勒斯写的悲剧《俄狄浦斯王》首演。It's the story of an honorable capable and highly resourceful man who nevertheless messes up his life in a catastrophic way but t
Humans have always seriously messed up their lives but the way in which failure has been viewed has a long and fascinating history that it may help us to know about.
人类总是严重地打乱自己的生活，但人们看待失败的方式有着悠久而迷人的历史，这也许有助于我们了解何谓失败。
Athens four to nine BC it's the premiere of a tragedy called Oedipus the King written by the great playwright Sophocles.
公元前4-9年，雅典，伟大的剧作家索福克勒斯写的悲剧《俄狄浦斯王》首演。
It's the story of an honorable capable and highly resourceful man who nevertheless messes up his life in a catastrophic way but the audience doesn't leave the theater thinking of Oedipus as a loser.
这个故事讲述的是一个可敬、能干，而又足智多谋的人，然而却以一种灾难性的方式搅乱了他的生活，但是剧终人散时，没有观众认为俄狄浦斯是个失败者。
Greek tragedy was designed to show audiences that terrible things can and very often do happen to good people and therefore we must remain sympathetic and kind in the face of failure.
希腊悲剧的目的是向观众展示，可怕的事情可以而且经常发生在好人身上，因此我们必须在失败面前保持同情和善良。
The Greeks forced this message upon themselves again and again at prestigious annual festivals.
在一年一度声名远播的节日上，希腊人一次又一次地把这个信息强加给自己。
The Greeks also loved the story of the Spartan army at Thermopylae where a small contingent of warriors held out to the last man against a vastly larger Persian force.
希腊人也很喜欢塞莫皮莱的斯巴达军队的故事，在那里，一支由勇士组成的小分队顽强抵抗到最后，对抗的是强大得多的波斯军队。
The Spartans were utterly defeated but their failure was seen as profoundly noble.
斯巴达人被彻底击败，但他们的失败被认为是崇高的。
You can lose and be good.
你即使失败，也是好样的。
That was the moral.
寓意就在于此。
Rome 46 AD Julius Caesar celebrates yet another triumph over the enemies of Rome.
公元46年，尤利乌斯·恺撒再办庆功宴，庆祝又一次战胜罗马的敌人。
The Romans worship success.
罗马人崇拜成功。
They believe that success in here and now is all that counts and that success means three things money fame and military glory which creates a lot of anxiety around failure.
他们相信此时此地的成功是最重要的，成功意味着三件事，金钱，声望和赫赫战功，于是失败自然会产生无数的焦虑。
Germany 9 AD the Roman general Varus kills himself after losing a battle in the Teutoburg forest not far from modern-day Hanover in the north of Germany.
公元9年，日耳曼尼亚，罗马将军瓦卢斯在离今天的汉诺威不远的德国北部的条顿堡森林中输掉一场战斗，然后自杀了。
He's made some major strategic errors in deploying his troops.
他在部署军队时犯了一些重大的战略错误。
His suicide is an expected consequence.
他的自杀是预料之中的结果。
Failure is so humiliating and shameful that it shows one doesn't deserve to go on living.
失败是如此的丢脸可耻，它表明一个人不应该继续活着。
The Romans represent a society where failure is thought of as naturally accompanied by shame.
罗马人代表的就是这样一个社会，在那里，人们自然而然地认为失败与耻辱相伴而生。
When big things go wrong you just kill yourself.
当大事出错时，你就得自行了断。
There's no excuse.
不得有任何借口。
A small hill overlooking the Sea of Galilee 30 ad a former carpenter and itinerant preacher delivers a tender speech which has since become known as the Sermon on the Mount.
公元30年，一座俯瞰加利利海的小山丘上，一位曾是木匠和巡回布道家的牧师发表了一篇温柔的演说，这篇演说后来被称为“山上宝训”。
Jesus Christ tells his followers “blessed are the meek for they shall inherit the earth”.
耶稣基督告诉他的追随者，“谦卑的人有福了，因为他们必承受地土”。
In other words the unsuccessful are in a way more successful than the successful in the eyes of God because their failures erode arrogance and invite dependence on the divine.
换句话说，在上帝眼中，失败者在某种程度上比成功者更成功，因为失败使他们失掉了傲慢，并对神产生了依赖。
For hundreds of years Christianity lends glamour and prestige to failure and challenges the worldly values of Rome.
千百年来，基督教给失败增添了魅力和声望，挑战了罗马的世俗价值。
Privileged in poverty obscurity and weakness over wealth Fame and strength.
贫穷、卑微和软弱的享有了神的眷顾，站在了那些有财富、声名的和强大的前面。
Not simply are you not meant to commit suicide when you fail failing is a sign of being blessed.
当你失败的时候，你不仅不用自杀，失败还成了有福的印记。
Eastern India sometime in the fifth century BC a wealthy young Indian Prince Siddhartha Gautama later known as the Buddha the enlightened one comes to a key realization about human beings: all of us are deeply maladjusted unhappy creatures.
东印度，大约公元前5世纪，一个富有的年轻印度王子悉达多乔达摩，后来被称为佛陀，开悟者，认识到人类的一个关键：我们每个人都是极度失调又不幸福的可怜虫。
Worldly success power riches love can mean nothing and will never satisfy us.
人世间的成功、权力、财富和爱都毫无意义，也永远不会让我们满足。
We must learn to renounce our desires and escape from constant cycles of craving and wanting.
我们必须学会放弃我们的欲望，摆脱不断轮回的渴望和不知足。
In Buddhist eyes true success means utter failure in the eyes of a Roman soldier or a modern American.
在佛教徒眼中，真正的成功则是罗马士兵或现代美国人眼中的彻底失败。
It means living under a fruit tree owning nothing but a loincloth and begging from passers-by.
它意味着住在一棵果树下，一无所有，除了一条缠腰布，向路人乞讨。
Paris 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte inaugurates a new social order which will begin to be known as a meritocracy.
1799年的巴黎，拿破仑·波拿巴开创了一个新的社会秩序，这就是人们将会知道的精英统治。
No longer will success go only to members of the old corrupt aristocracy; he wants to launch a meritocracy marked by what he terms “la carriere ouverte aux talents” careers opened to the talented rather than just the privileged.
成功不再只属于那些古老的腐败贵族；他希望建立一个他称为“la carriere ouverte aux talents”的精英体系，成功将向有才华者(而不仅仅是特权者)开放。
France acquires a new honor system based on merit.
法国获得了一种基于功绩的新荣誉制度。
The legion d’honneur which is given to people of all classes who a judge not the ancestry or wealth but by military scientific or artistic prowess.
荣誉军团(legion d’honneur)是授予各个阶层的人的，他们不是根据门第、财富，而是根据军事、科学或艺术上的才能来评判的。
Suddenly success comes to seem a lot more fair and deserved which is very advantageous in many ways but it also means that failure starts to be recategorized as not merely accidental or morally neutral as the Christian ideal had implied but also in some ways deserved.
突然间，成功似乎变得更加公平和应得，这在很多方面都是有益的，但它也意味着失败也开始被重新界定，失败不再如基督教理想所暗示，偶然的或道德中立的了，而在很大程度上变成了错有应得的了。
Paris 1863 the French government sponsors its annual artistic Salo where the most successful painters are exhibited and celebrated.
1863年的巴黎，法国政府赞助了一年一度的艺术沙龙，在这里展出和表彰最成功的画家。
The jury headed by the Comt de Nieuwerkerke the head of the Academy of Fine Arts is that year extremely conservative and rejects 2/3 of the paintings presented including those of Courbet Edouard Manet Camille Pissaro and Whistler.
评委会由美术学院院长Comt de Nieuwerke伯爵牵头，那一年的评选非常保守，驳回了三分之二的画作，包括库尔贝(Courbet)、爱德华•马奈(Edouard Manet)、卡米尔•皮萨罗(Camille Pissaro)和惠斯勒(Whistler)的作品。
The rejected artists and their friends are outraged and protest.
被拒的艺术家和他们的朋友们愤怒不已，提起了抗议。
The Emperor Napoleon III eventually relents and allows the rejected artists to set up their own rival exhibition.
最终，拿破仑三世(Emperor Napoleon III)松了口，允许被拒的艺术家们举办自己的竞争性展览。
Gradually the public and critics recognized that the officially successful artists; people like Alexandre Cabanel and Franz Winterhalter are terrible painters and that the unsuccessful ones are in fact the true geniuses.
渐渐地，公众和批评家们认识到，由官方认可的成功艺术家：亚历山大•卡巴内尔(Alexandre Cabanel)和弗朗茨•温特哈尔特(Franz Winterhalter)等人都是糟糕的画家，那些不被认可的画家才是真正的天才。
This will be a theme throughout the history of 19th and 20th century art and society more broadly.
这将是整个19世纪和20世纪艺术史和社会的主题。
The genius is at first objected by a stupid blinkered world but eventually comes to be accepted and celebrated.
天才最初遭到了一个愚蠢、狭隘的世界的反对，但最终得到了认可和赞扬。
This is what happens to among others John Keats Vincent van Gogh Marcel Proust Janis Joplin and Steve Jobs.
约翰·济慈(John Keats)、文森特·梵高(Vincent van Gogh)、马塞尔·普鲁斯特(Marcel Proust)、贾尼斯·乔普林(Janis Joplin)和史蒂夫·乔布斯(Steve Jobs)都受到过这样的遭遇。
“Real successes aren't successes immediately” goes the story; they might need to wait for a long time perhaps until after they're dead a consoling story with echoes of the Christian idea of redemption.
“真正的成功并不是马上就能成功的”；他们可能需要等待很长时间，也许直到他们死后。这是一个颇有安慰意味的故事，与基督教的救赎理念相呼应。
New York October the 5th 1987 the right-wing economics magazine Forbes publishes its first list of the richest people on the planet.
1987年10月5日纽约，右翼经济学杂志《福布斯》公布了全球第一富豪排行榜。
The richest man is yogi Aki Tsutsumi who is at that point worth 20 billion dollars.
最富有的人是日本富豪堤义明，净财富为200亿美元。
The tone of the magazine is celebratory and un-nuanced reflecting an uncritical acceptance of the idea of the American dream “he who is richest finishes first”.
文章中的语气是喜庆的，没有任何微妙的措辞变化，反映了对美国梦的不加批判地接受：“先富者先上”。
It's a small irony therefore that two weeks later on October the 19th the world stock markets collapse destroying wealth on an enormous scale and shaking everyone's confidence in the merit and sanity of the economic system.
因此，具有讽刺意味的是，两周后的10月19日，世界股市崩盘，财富遭到大规模地摧毁，动摇了所有人对经济体系的优点和健全的信心。
New York September 2011. Following yet another global economic meltdown a group of protesters occupies Zuccotti Park in the financial district of Manhattan.
2011年9月纽约。在全球经济再次崩溃之后，一群抗议者占领了曼哈顿金融区的祖科蒂公园。
Their protest is in a narrow sense about the corruption and blindness of America's financial institutions but more broadly the protesters are arguing that a narrow elite the 1% as they call them have twisted our ideas of success and the good life.
从狭义上说，他们的抗议是针对美国金融机构的腐败和盲目，但从更广泛的意义上说，抗议者认为，一小撮精英——他们称为1%的那群人——扭曲了我们对成功和美好生活的看法。
The so called “heroes” people like Jamie Dimon the head of JP Morgan who's paid around 20 million dollars a year are in fact the villains.
那些所谓的“英雄”，比如摩根大通(JP Morgan)首席执行官杰米•戴蒙(Jamie Dimon)，其年薪约为2 000万美元，实际上都是大坏蛋。
Being a decent Person doesn't necessarily mean making a lot of money; it means acting wisely and kindly towards others and the planet.
做一个正派的人并不一定意味着赚很多钱；而是明智而友善地对待他人和我们赖以生存的星球。
The protesters have a good few months in which to make their case which sounds remarkably like that made by Jesus in a Sermon on the Mount before the forces of contemporary capitalism hose them down and shut them up.
在当代资本主义的力量将他们打倒并让他们统统闭嘴之前，抗议者有好几个月的时间来表达他们的观点，他们的话语听起来很像耶稣在山上宝训中的所言。
Slowly the economy recovers which also means that the battered American Dream equating mobility with financial success becomes dominant once more.
慢慢地，经济复苏了，这也意味着被打击的美国梦，将流动性等同于金融成功，再次占据主导地位。
Most of us are going to endure horrific failures in some area or other of our lives.
我们中的大多数人都将在生活的某些方面或其他方面忍受可怕的失败。
We’re an extremely success-focuses world and define success by some very narrow normally financial criteria.
我们是一个极端注重成功的世界，用一些非常狭窄的，通常是财富标准来定义成功。
There's endless talk about opportunity and well-meaning efforts to make sure that everyone can have a chance but there is a deep silence about what happens when you fail.
关于机会和善意努力的讨论真是没完没了，虽是为了确保每个人都能获得机会，但对于失败后会发生什么，人们却保持着深深的沉默。
To weaken the power of the narratives of success we used to have religion and we used to have art.
我们曾经有宗教和艺术，来削弱成功故事的力量。
We have less of that now; the very idea that failure could be noble has entirely disappeared.
我们现在拥有的更少了;那种认为失败可以是高尚的想法已经完全消失了。
We need to go back in history and fetch some ideas that could stop us from being fatally hard on ourselves when we mess up in the eyes of Forbes magazine and the American Dream in general.
当我们在《福布斯》(Forbes)杂志和美国梦(American Dream)的眼中糟糕透顶时，我们需要回到历史中去，找到一些观念，阻止我们对自己采取致命强硬态度。
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