第二章的习题及答案（阅读真题D272009）

第二章的习题及答案（阅读真题D272009）Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.参考译文：每天进步一点点Day26复习作业翻译参考：一些公司使用的数据库里的数据并非系统性的采集而得，而是将不同研究项目的信息胡乱搜集在一起。

# 时 间 不 会 等 你 #

—用时间换分数，用努力换机遇，用倔强换梦想。

Goodmorning~汪汪们

每早7点，和老张一起死磕阅读真题

每天进步一点点

Day26复习作业翻译参考：

一些公司使用的数据库里的数据并非系统性的采集而得，而是将不同研究项目的信息胡乱搜集在一起。

参考译文：

Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.

请配合讲解音频食用，注意记笔记：

背景音乐：DKacey Musgraves - Step Off

Day 27 全 文 解 析

【2009英语一年Text3】

（1/5）The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and as a result radically higher standards of living.	-贫穷国家中正规教育与经济发展之间的关系为经济学家及政治家们普遍误解。毫无疑问，在这两个方面都有所进步，对于这些国家及其他国家的社会、政治及学术发展而言是必要的，但是那种认为教育是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的重中之重的传统观点是错误的。我们庆幸这个观念不对，因为创立新的教育体制，让足够多的人接受教育以推动经济发展需要两代或三代人来完成。一家研究机构的研究成果一再表明：所有国家的工人都可以进行在职培训以大幅度提高生产率，从而提高生活水平。
（2/5）Ironically the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was and remains the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts -a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.	-具有讽刺意味的是，这一观点的首个证据出现在美国。不久前，随着美国经济陷入衰退，日本正处于泡沫破灭前的高峰期，美国工人被嘲讽没有受过良好教育，并且被认为这是美国经济不景气的主要原因之一。在全球，不管过去还是现在，日本一直是汽车组装生产力的领袖。然而，研究表明丰田、尼桑和本田位于美国工厂的生产率大约是日本同行的 95%，这是美国工人接受在职培训的结果。
（3/5）More recently while examining housing construction the researchers discovered that illiterate non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston Texas consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.	-最近，在进行住户建设检查时，研究人员发现在德克萨斯州的休斯顿，尽管房地产行业的工作非常复杂，但是未受过教育的，英语不是母语的墨西哥工人总是能够达到最佳的劳动生产率标准。
（4/5）What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10 000 years ago they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.	-教育与经济发展之间的关系到底如何?我们不得不怀疑，即使政府不强迫发展教育，经济持续增长也会促进教育事业的发展。毕竟，教育就是那样开始的。一万年前当我们的祖先还在狩猎和采集野果时，除了寻找食物他们没有时间想其它很多的东西。只有当人类能够更高效地获取食物时，才有时间做其它的事情。
（5/5）As education improved humanity’s productivity increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty trapswithout political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education however doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.	-随着教育的进步，人类的生产潜力也增加了。当竞争的环境推动我们的祖先实现这一潜力，他们又可以获得更多的教育机会。先进的经济水平要求复杂的政治制度，越来越高的教育水平可能是这种复杂政治制度的必要的，但不是充分的条件。因此，如果没有政治改革，贫穷国家可能无法摆脱其贫困陷阱，而政治改革则只能靠更广泛的正规教育实现。但是，发展中国家的劳动力在可预见的未来持续提高生产力的能力没有因缺乏正规教育而受到限制。相反，生产力的提高受到限制解释了为什么教育的发展速度不是更快了。

文 章 结 构 简 析

31.The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries _____.

[A] is subject to groundless doubts

[B] has fallen the victim of bias

[C] is conventional downgraded

[D] has been overestimated

31.在第一段作者认为在贫困国家教育的重要性

[A] 受到无根据的怀疑

[B] 成为偏见的牺牲品

[C] 被降低

[D] 被高估

【答案】D

【考点】判断推理题

【解析】在第一段说教育和经济发展被misunderstood 然后后面也是说the conventional view is wrong，结合段落主题就是说那种教育优先是错误的，工人是可以通过培训实现高生产率。

32.It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system_____.

[A]challenges economists and politicians

[B]takes efforts of generations

[C] demands priority from the government

[D] requires sufficient labor force

32.第一段表明建立新的教育体系________。

[A] 挑战经济学家和政治家

[B] 需要几代人的努力

[C] 要求政府重视

[D] 需要充足的劳动力

【答案】B

【考点】具体信息题

【解析】第一段提到了would require two or three generations。最恶心的就是C和D选项，故意设计两个相反选项迷惑考生。

33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that ____.

[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined

[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive

[C]the U.S workforce has a better education

[D] the U.S workforce is more organized

33.日本和美国劳动力的主要区别是什么

[A] 日本工人纪律更严

[B] 日本的劳动力更多产正确

[C] 美国工人教育程度高

[D] 美国工人组织较好

【答案】B

【考点】判断推理题

【解析】原文第三单提到，美国工人被嘲笑受教育程度不高，以及日本过去是，现在依然是生产力的领先者。A选项在文中说到是misunderstood，没说到challenge；C选项说反了；D选项在原文说到劳工，但没有sufficient的说法。

34.The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged ____.

[A] when people had enough time

[B] prior to better ways of finding food

[C] when people no longer went hungry

[D] as a result of pressure on the government

34.作者引用了我们祖先的例子来表明教育出现在

[A] 当人们有了充裕的时间时

[B] 在解决了温饱的情况下

[C] 找到更好的获得食物的方法之前

[D] 由于政府的压力

【答案】C

【考点】判断推理题

【解析】官方答案是C。但是老张认为，从文章的直接原则来说，这题A选项没有啥问题。虽然各个教材和一些名师都给出了自己的解释，但是很难让人完全信服。目前主流的说法就是，这个段落的中心是指经济发展推动教育，经济发展的一个体现就是人们不再挨饿，另外A选项的有足够时间，和原文的有时间还是有区别。

35. According to the last paragraph development of education ____.

[A] results directly from competitive environments

[B] does not depend on economic performance

[C] follows improved productivity

[D] cannot afford political changes

35.根据文章的最后一段我们可以得知，教育的发展

[A] 竞争环境的直接产物

[B] 不取决于经济绩效

[C] 紧随生产力的提高

[D] 无法负担政治变化

【答案】C

【考点】判断推理题

【解析】A选项出现在最后一段，原文是说竞争性环境迫使我们祖先获得生产力潜能，而不是directly;B选项迷惑性很大，但是最后一段说的是经济发展不依赖教育；D选项，在原文中说的是教育是政治变革的必要条件，和这个选项不符合。C选项是教育在生产力之后，其实最后一段没有直接的说法，只是在最后一句说到，为什么生产力限制能解释为啥教育没发展的快，所以生产力促进教育。文章从大主题来说，倒的确是经济发展（生产力）促进教育发展。

真 题 D 28 任 务

1、D27复习：认真听Text2解析，完全搞清楚全文分析及解题思路，并复习本篇重点词汇句子。

2、复习作业：请在完成今天任务的基础上，完成下面这句话的汉翻英，并在评论区完成：

但是，发展中国家的劳动力在可预见的未来持续提高生产力的能力没有因缺乏正规教育而受到限制。相反，生产力的提高受到限制解释了为什么教育的发展速度不是更快了。

3、D28打卡：完成2009年英一Text4的精读笔记，5道选择题，倒数第二段英翻汉，拍照发到群里。不得请假！