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专升本英语语法虚拟语气:专升本英语疑问代词的用法

专升本英语语法虚拟语气:专升本英语疑问代词的用法昨天和你去看电影的人是谁?Whom did you go to the cinema with yesterday?Who told you the good news?谁告诉你这个好消息的?whom在句中用作介词或动词的宾语


疑问代词:
用来表达疑问或者构成疑问句的代词

专升本英语语法虚拟语气:专升本英语疑问代词的用法(1)

包括who、whom、whose、when、why、where、how、what、whatever、however、whenever、which等。

基本用法

who在句中多用作主语、宾语和表语

Who told you the good news?

谁告诉你这个好消息的?

whom在句中用作介词或动词的宾语

Whom did you go to the cinema with yesterday?

昨天和你去看电影的人是谁?

Whose表示“谁的”,可用作定语、主语、表语和宾语

They all finished the task. Whose result is the best?

他们都完成的任务,谁的结果最好呢?

what和which都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语

What happened to him last year?

去年他遇到了什么事情?

Which do you prefer the blue one or the black one?

你喜欢蓝色那个还是黑色那个?

What does your brother do?

你的哥哥是做什么的呢?

引导从句

It all depends on when you finish.

完全取决于你何时完成。

I'd like to know what time you can come home.

我真想知道你什么时候能回家。

The man who becomes the king is my uncle.

当了国王的人是我叔叔。

Whatever you have done I still forgive you.

不管你做过什么,我都原谅你。

用于疑问句

Who are you?

您哪位?

Which one did you choose?

你选了哪一个?

How dare you?

你怎敢?

专升本英语语法虚拟语气:专升本英语疑问代词的用法(2)

易混辨析

1.who、whom和whose

①who表示“谁”,是主格形式,可做主语,也可取代whom用作宾语;whom表示“谁”,是宾格形式,只能用作宾语;whose表示“谁的”,是所有格,一般作为定语。

Who is the most beautiful woman in the world?

谁是世界上最漂亮的女人?

Whom did you tell?

你告诉谁了?

Whose fault is it?

这是谁的错?

②whom作宾语,构成介宾短语时,要把介词提前。

To whom did you send the book?

你把书借给了谁?

By whom was the order executed?

是谁执行了这项命令?

③whose还可以作主语和宾语。

Whose is better yours or hers?

谁的更好,你的还是她的?

Whose are you going to borrow?

你准备借谁的?

2.how often、how long和how soon

①how often问的是动作发生的频率。

How often do you go to the cinema?

你多久看一次电影?

②how long问的是时间或空间的长度,也可以用在感叹句,表示“多么长”或“多么久”。

How long have you been here?

你来这多久了?

How long is the Changjiang River?

长江有多长?

How long the Changjiang River is!

长江多么长啊!

How long we haven't seen each other!

我们多久没见面了!

③how soon问的是要过多久,主要用于一般将来或过去将来时。

How soon will he come back?

要过多久他才回来?

3.when和what time

①when一般指“什么时候”,可以引导时间状语从句,可以作为疑问代词作为疑问句的开头,放在句子中一般以“某人什么时候做某事”为主干。

It's all late when you finish.

等你完成一切都晚了。

②what time一般指“什么时间”,比when更加具体,特指几点,大多数时候可以被when所替代。

What time is it?

几点了?

I'd like to know what time do you get home?

我想知道你几点到家?

4.what和which

What表示“什么”,是比较宽泛地询问,一般没有范围可供选择;Which表示“哪一个”是比较具体地询问,一般为提供范围进行多选一。

What shall we do?

我们应该做什么?

Which way shall we choose?

我们应该选哪条路?

5.whatever和however

①whatever表示“无论什么”,通常为名词性,however表示“无论怎样”,通常为形容词性。

Whatever you do there is no effert.

无论你做什么,都是无用功。

However hard you work there is no effort.

无论你怎样努力工作,都是无用功。

②However还可以表示“然而”。

However it's useless.

然而并没有什么用。

疑问代词的用法八注意

(1)作动词或介词的宾语的whom放在句首时,常常用who代替

Who is this letter from? 这封信是谁寄来的?

注意:当把句中与whom搭配的介词提到句首时,whom不用主格形式。

To whom does this book belong?

这本书属于谁?

(2) whose后面的名词有时可以省略

-Whose book is this? 这是准的书?

-I don't know whose it is.(省略了book)

我不知道这是准的书。

(3) what多指职业、地位,who多指姓名、关系等

注意: -What is he? 他是做什么的?

(也可以用What's his job?表示。)

-He is a lawyer.他是个律师。

-Who is he? 他是谁?

-He is Mr. Smith.他是史密斯先生。

(4)疑问代词的单复数,应根据实际情况确定

Who is he? (单数)他是准?

Who are they? (复数)他们是谁?

Which is your father?

(单数)哪一位是你父亲?

Which are your brothers?

(复数)哪儿位是你的兄弟?

(5) what/whom/which. . . to do构成不定式短语

I don't know which to choose.

我不知道选哪个。

I wonder what to do on th c weekend.

我不知道周末该做些什么。

(6) which除作定语之外,还可用于“of the/ these/ my/his/her/ our… n.”构成的短语中

Which of the seven colors do you prefer?

这7种颜色你更喜欢哪一种?

(7)what也常用以构成感叹句

What a beautiful sunrise!

多么美丽的日出呀!

(8)疑问词what构成的固定搭配

What about ...?=How about…?……怎么样?

So what? 那又怎么样呢?(表示不感兴趣或一认为不重要)

Guess what? 你猜怎么着?(用以引起他人的注意)

What can I do for you? 你要买(借)什么?

What for…? 为什么……?

What next? (店员用语)还要什么?

What of…? ……的情况怎样?

What's happening? (用作熟人间的招呼语)

怎么样?你好吗?

What's…like ……情况怎样?

What's sb. like? 某人的“品行、性格、状况”怎么样?

What does sb. look like?某人的“长相”怎么样?

What does sb. like`?某人喜欢什么?

What if… ? 倘使……会怎样?/即使……又有什么要紧?

What if you should fall sick? 假使你生病怎么办呢?

What is his wife like? 他的太太是个什么样的人?

✦考点链接

Excuse me could you please tell me is the way to the post?

A. whose B. which C. how D. what

答案及解析:

B 不好意思打扰了,请问可以告诉我哪条路是通往邮局的吗?

whose谁的,what什么,how怎么样。首先这里是缺少主语,排除AC。what不符合句意,这里想表达“哪一条路”。

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