英语过去式进行时表格:英语语法精讲第6节
英语过去式进行时表格:英语语法精讲第6节你昨晚睡得好吗?Did you sleep well last night?昨天你(们)在哪儿?I was at home all day long.我一整天都在家。
大多数初学者学习时态时,都会认为一般过去时(The Simple Past)是比较难掌握的一种时态,这是因为一般过去时中的动词变化相对较多。其实,我们在学习时稍加留意,重点记住动词过去式的变化规律,反复练习,搞定一般过去时并不难。
什么是一般过去时?
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday(昨天) the day before yesterday (前天), last night (昨晚),last Sunday(上周日),last month(上个月),last year (去年) the year before last (前年), in 1990 (在1990年) two days ago (两天前),before liberation(解放前)等等。
例如:Where were you yesterday?
昨天你(们)在哪儿?
I was at home all day long.
我一整天都在家。
Did you sleep well last night?
你昨晚睡得好吗?
Yes I Did. 是的,我睡得很好。
He joined the army in 1990.
他是1990年入伍的。
They moved to Beijing ten years ago.
他们十年前就搬到北京了。
从以上例句,我们发现在一般过去时中,动词都发生了变化,即,由原来的动词原形变为动词的过去式。这一点很关键,记住每个动词的过去式及其变化规律,是学好一般过去时的前提。
值得注意的是,英语的动词分为规则动词和不规则动词,它们都有自己的动词过去式,要分别加以记忆。
(一)规则动词的过去式(有下列4种情况)
(1)一般情况下,在动词原形后面加 -ed
look →looked, play →played, start →started, visit →visited,work →worked
(2)以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,在词尾直接加 -d
live →lived, use →used, move →moved taste →tasted
(3)以“辅音字母 y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为 i 再加 –ed
study →studied try →tried fly →flied copy →copied carry →carried
(4)以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或 r 音节结尾,先双写词尾辅音字母,再加 –ed
stop →stopped plan →planned prefer →preferred
(二)不规则动词的过去式
不规则动词的过去式是学习一般过去时的重点,因为平时使用最多的是不规则动词的过去式。这里我们列出了48个最常用的不规则动词的过去式,同学们自测一下,看看你掌握了多少?
am (is)-was (是)
are-were (是)
go-went (走、去)
come-came (来)
take-took (拿)
have (has)-had (有)
begin-began (开始)
bring-brought (带来)
can-could (能、可以)
catch-caught (抓住、赶上)
cut-cut (割、切)
do/does-did (做)
draw-drew (画)
drink-drank (喝)
drive-drove (开车、驾车)
eat-ate (吃)
fall--fell(跌倒,落下)
feel-felt (感觉、触摸)
fly-flew (飞、放)
get-got (得到)
give-gave (给)
grow-grew (生长、种植)
keep-kept (保持、保存)
know-knew (知道、明白)
learn-learnt (学习)
leave-left (离开)
let-let (让)
lie-lay(躺,平放)
make-made (制造、使得)
may-might (可以、能够)
read-read (读、看)
ride-rode (骑、乘、驾)
ring-rang (打电话给, 按铃,形成环状)
run-ran (跑)
say-said (说)
see -saw (看)
sell-sold (卖)
send-sent (寄信,送给)
sit-sat (坐)
set -set(树立、点燃、落下)
sing-sang (唱)
sleep-slept (睡觉)
speak-spoke (讲、说)
spend-spent (花时间、金钱)
stand-stood (站立)
swim-swam (游泳)
teach-taught (教)
tell-told (告诉)
(三)一般过去时的肯定句、疑问句和否定句
(1)肯定句:主语 动词过去式
例如:I went shopping with my mother last Sunday.
我上周日和妈妈一起去购物了。
She washed all the dirty clothes yesterday.
她昨天把所有的脏衣服都洗了。
He was a college student five years ago.
五年前他是一名大学生。
They were in the classroom this morning.
他们今天上午在教室里。
(2)一般疑问句:Did 主语 动词原形 ?
例如:Did you watch TV last night?
你昨晚看电视了吗?
(Did 开头的问句,不分人称,动词一律用原形)
Yes I did. 是的,我看了。
No I did not. (I didn't.) 不,我没看。
Was she ill yesterday?
她昨天生病了吗?
Yes she was. 是的, 她生病了。
No she was not. (she wasn't) 不,她没生病。
特殊疑问句: 在一般疑问句前加 What When Where Why Which How 等。
例如:What did you see five minutes ago?
你五分钟前看到了什么?
When did your uncle arrive in Xi'an?
你叔叔什么时候到的西安?
Where did you learn your English?
你在哪儿学的英文?
Why was she late for school yesterday morning?
她昨天早上上学为什么迟到了?
Which club were you in last year?
你去年在哪个俱乐部?
How did you feel just now?
你刚才感觉如何?
(3)一般过去时的否定句:
主语 did not (didn't) 动词原形 (主-谓-宾 结构)
主语 were not (weren't )/was not (wasn't) (主-系-表 结构)
例如:I didn't have my breakfast this morning.
今天早上我没有吃早餐。
He didn't return the book to the library yesterday.
昨天她没有把书还给图书馆。
She wasn't good at singing before.
她以前不擅长唱歌。
They didn't go swimming the day before yesterday.
前天他们没有去游泳。
We were not (weren't) late for PE class today.
今天我们上体育课没有迟到。
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