名胜之颐和园：TheSummerPalace颐和园

名胜之颐和园：TheSummerPalace颐和园Taking a walk along the Kunming Lake you can see clearly the Yufeng Pagoda (玉峰塔) on Yuquan Mountain (玉泉山).漫步在昆明湖畔，可以清楚地眺望玉泉山上的玉峰塔。The Summer Palace (颐和园) literally meaning "the Garden of Restful Peace" in Chinese is one of the most visited scenic spots together with the Forbidden City（故宫） Temple of Heaven（天坛） or Great Wall （长城）in Beijing. The Summer Palace where emperors and the imperia

颐和园位于北京西北郊区，距离市中心大约15公里。园内主要有三大部分构成：宫殿区域、居住生活区和休闲娱乐区域。宫殿区是古代皇上处理国事的地方。慈禧晚年大多数情况下，就在仁寿殿垂帘听政。居住生活是皇上及皇家夏季居住生活的地方，包括玉澜堂 乐寿堂和宜芸馆。休闲娱乐区包括昆明湖、长廊、17孔桥，及几个小岛。颐和园由中国著名建筑设计师雷发达设计。设计时增加了杭州西湖的元素 这是乾隆皇帝的心愿。乾隆在下江南时，很喜欢西湖。

The Summer Palace (颐和园) is located at the northwest suburb of Beijing about15 km away from the downtown（市区）. It consists of three main areas: The Palace Area is where ancient emperors used to take care of state affairs. The Hall of Benevolence and Longevity (仁寿殿) was the place where Empress Dowager Cixi （慈禧）held court behind a screen in most of the time of her late years. The Residence Area is for living: Jade Ripples Hall (玉澜堂) Hall of Joyful Longevity Hall (乐寿堂) and Yiyun Hall (宜芸馆) are the major places where emperors and the royal family used to live during summer. The Tour Area is for relaxation and recreation: Kunming Lake Long Corridors 17-Arched bridge islands. It was designed by the well-known Chinese architect (建筑设计师) Lei Fada (雷发达) who added some elements from the West Lake in Hangzhou instructed by Emperor Qianlong who liked Hangzhou very much during his south inspections.

如果您想乘船游园，您可以在下列码头上下船：八方亭、文昌阁、玉澜堂、 排云殿、石丈亭、铜牛、石舫、和南湖岛。您也可以自己租用各类船---划桨船、电动船、水轮船、龙船、大型观光船及包租船。
If you would like to take a cruise to tour the Summer Palace you can take on and off at these stop Docks: Bafang Pavilion (八方亭) Wenchang Pavilion (文昌阁) Jade Ripples Hall (玉澜堂) Hall of Dispelling Clouds (排云殿) Shizhang Pavilion (石丈亭) the Statue of Bronze Ox (铜牛) the Marble Boat (石舫) South Lake Island (南湖岛).You can also rent rowing boat battery boat water cycle dragon-shaped boat large-scale pleasure boats as well as chartered boats.

颐和园从中文字面上讲就是休闲安宁的花园，是皇帝及皇家夏季避暑之地，和故宫、天坛、长城一样，是旅游北京首选之地。园内由精心设计建造的诸多宫殿、寺庙、花园、凉亭、湖、长廊构成，是中国最大的花园，是今天全世界游客向往的地方。

The Summer Palace (颐和园) literally meaning "the Garden of Restful Peace" in Chinese is one of the most visited scenic spots together with the Forbidden City（故宫） Temple of Heaven（天坛） or Great Wall （长城）in Beijing. The Summer Palace where emperors and the imperial family used to retreat at summer time. The garden is beautifully composed of palaces temples gardens pavilions lakes and corridors. As the largest garden in China the Summer Palace is today the center of interests of all tourists from all over the world.

颐和园始建于1750年，起初的名称是清漪园，是乾隆皇帝(1735-1796)为庆祝母亲60大寿而修建。

The Summer Palace started to be constructed in 1750 under the orders of Emperor Qianlong (乾隆皇帝1735-1796). Originally called "The Garden of Clear Ripples" (清漪园Qing Yi Yuan) . The purpose for building the palace was that Emperor Qianlong prepared a gift to celebrate his mother’s 60th birthday.

漫步在昆明湖畔，可以清楚地眺望玉泉山上的玉峰塔。

Taking a walk along the Kunming Lake you can see clearly the Yufeng Pagoda (玉峰塔) on Yuquan Mountain (玉泉山).

令人痛心的是在1860年第二次鸦片战争期间，颐和园被英法联军烧毁。慈禧重建了园子，更名为颐和园，到1900年被义和团运动再次烧毁。颐和园不得不再次重建。1924年颐和园正式对外开放，1998年被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

It was very sad that the garden was burned down with the invasion of Anglo-French troops （英法联军） in 1860 during the Second Opium War (鸦片战争1856-1860). That was just after the reconstruction of the garden under Empress Dowager Cixi's reign in 1888 that the garden was renamed the "Summer Palace". Burnt down a second time in 1900 after the Boxer Rebellion (1898-1901) and reconstructed another time the Summer Palace was opened to public in 1924. In 1998 UNESCO（联合国教科文组织）awarded it World Cultural Heritage（世界文化遗产）.

颐和园是中国建筑史上最宏大的园林，占地2.9平方公里，其中四分之三面积为水域，由3000多个古代建筑，包括亭子、塔、桥、长廊，最主要的建筑当属万寿山和昆明湖。

The Summer Palace is China's largest and most grandiose garden ever constructed. Covering an area of 2 9 km2 three quarters of which are covered of water the palace is composed of over 3000 ancient structures including pavilions towers bridges and corridors. The most important parts are the Longevity Hill (万寿山) and Kunming Lake (昆明湖).

东宫门是颐和园的主要进入口，分主门、和两侧门。主门是皇帝、皇后、太后专用，侧面是官员走的门。

The East Palace Gate " (东宫门) is the major entrance to the Summer Palace with two side doors: the main door in the middle exclusively reserved to emperors empresses and queen mothers and the side one for officials. The road leading to the entrance for emperors is chiseled with two relief dragons playing with a ball: a symbol of Chinese imperial dignity.

颐和园是光绪皇帝亲自所建。光绪皇帝在1875年到1908年期间在位，是慈禧垂帘听政时期。

The handwriting or calligraphy（书法） of the Summer Palace ( 颐和园 ) was by Emperor Guangxu who ruled the country from 1875 to 1908 under the supervision of Empress Dowager Cixi.

长廊有728米（796.2米）长，是连接万寿山和昆明湖的画廊。1990年被誉为世界最长之廊。是湖畔漫步的最佳人行道，独具艺术画廊，在横梁和天花板上展现14000多幅艺术精品，包括风景、花鸟、人物故事，真是中国古代历史的再现，映衬在令人陶醉的自然风光里。

The Long Corridor （长廊） is a 728 meters long (796.2 yards) gallery linking the Longevity Hill to the Kunming Lake. Longest corridor gallery in China the building was even ranked as the longest one in the whole world in 1990. Used as a perfect promenade along the lakes the Long corridor is a unique art gallery featuring more than 14 000 pictures of landscapes flowers birds human figures and stories on its beams and ceilings. Real carrier of China's ancient history the corridor is giving an additional touch to the place surrounded by an amazing natural scenery.

颐和园标志性建筑是佛香阁，佛香阁高41米（131英尺），8面3层4重檐，阁内有8根巨大铁梨木擎天柱，相互对称，是中国古典建筑史上最复杂工艺的精品。

Symbol of the Summer Palace the Tower of Buddhist Incense (佛香阁Fo Xiang Ge) is an elaborate work of Chinese classical architecture. Located on a hill in the center of the Summer Palace with buildings distributed symmetrically around its base the tower is of a 40 meters height (131 feet) three-storied with 8 facades and quadruple-layered eaves the whole supported by 8 pillars of lignum vitae wood: one of the most complicated structure ever realized.

万寿山后面是苏州街，位于后湖中间。苏州街是为了给皇帝、皇后、妃子们在水乡购物的体验。当时，太监们都扮演商贩的角色，增加真实的购物体验。

The Suzhou Market Street (Suzhou jie) is located behind the Longevity Hill in the middle section of the Back Lake. The function of the market was to give to the Emperor and his Empress and concubines the experience of shopping in the Water Town. At that time the eunuchs would act as clerks and shopkeepers lending an air of realism to the experience.

铜牛是昆明湖最著名的景点，坐北往东。传说牛可以永镇悠水，降幅百姓。

The Bronze Ox is one of the most famous attractions of the Lake set on bluestone wave-lined pedestal overlooking the east shore of the Kunming Lake. The ox is said in Chinese believes to have power to control floods.

Connecting the eastern shore of the Kunming Lake to the Nanhu Island in the west the Seventeen-Arch Bridge is a major attraction of the Kunming Lake. With a length of 150 meters (164 yards) and a width of 8 meters (8.75 yards) it is the longest bridge in the Summer Palace built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799). Highly inspired from other famous Chinese bridges such as the Lugou Bridge in Beijing and Baodai Bridge in Suzhou (Zhejiang Province) the Seventeen-Arch Bridge looks like a rainbow arching over the water. 544 distinctive white marble lions are carved on the column of the parapets with a bizarre beast on each end of the bridge. Each year around the Winter Solstice you can see the miracle of goldenlights through the arches (每年冬至前后，落日光辉穿过颐和园十七孔桥，照亮全部十七个桥洞，呈现出壮丽景观，俗称“金光穿洞”。)

Another miracle is that all the birds do not shit on the roof of all the palace constructions. (另一个奇迹是鸟不在皇宫建筑物房顶上拉屎)。

All the visitors are amazed by the masterpiece by ) Lei Fada (雷发达)。

The Marble Boat (石舫) was built in 1755 ，but destroyed by the Anglo-French occupation. Empress Dowager Cixi reconstructed Marble Boat.

石舫始建于1755年，被英法联军损坏。慈禧重建了石舫。

According to the Chinese old saying that water can float a boat or sink a boat(水可以浮舟 也可以沉舟). The Emperor understood the comparison of the boat to the Emperor and the waters to the people. The saying turned into a real advice that the Emperor should care about his people for they can overthrow him. In order to make the reign of the Qing Dynasty the longest as possible he ordered the creation of a firm boat made of stone that cannot be overturned by the waters.

中国有句名言：水可以浮舟 也可以沉舟。皇帝明白这个比喻的含义。皇帝要爱子民。为了让清朝江山永续，皇帝用石头建造了这只永远不会沉没于水中石舫，永远浮舟 永不沉舟。

As the Summer Palace is so huge if you are tired you can have break to take a cup of tea in the tea house or at 听鹂馆to enjoy 张家口坝上草原田丰牛羊肉、土鸡，喝歌涅红酒、曹怀仁酱香白酒。