gre词汇详细解析，GRE词汇Day5:

gre词汇详细解析，GRE词汇Day5:■考点: vt.驱逐: to exclude from a group■拆: ostrac(瓦片) ize(v后缀) -> 投瓦片 古希腊的陶片放逐法 -> 指放逐/排斥■同: authority autocrat monarch ruler sovereign■反: figurehead (有名无权的)傀儡ostracize 英 [ˈɒstrəsaɪz] 美 [ˈɑːstrəsaɪz] vt. 放逐；排斥；按贝壳流放法放逐

potentate 英 [ˈpəʊtnteɪt] 美 [ˈpoʊtnteɪt] n. 统治者，君主；有权势的人

■拆: pot(power) ent ate(v/n后缀) -> 引申为有权力的人 -> 君主

■考点: n.有权的人: one who has the power and position to rule over others

■e.g. a son of a potentate 官二代

■同: authority autocrat monarch ruler sovereign

■反: figurehead (有名无权的)傀儡

ostracize 英 [ˈɒstrəsaɪz] 美 [ˈɑːstrəsaɪz] vt. 放逐；排斥；按贝壳流放法放逐

■拆: ostrac(瓦片) ize(v后缀) -> 投瓦片 古希腊的陶片放逐法 -> 指放逐/排斥

■考点: vt.驱逐: to exclude from a group

■e.g. He was ostracized from the scientific community for many years because of his radical political beliefs.他因激进的政治理想被驱逐出了科学界很多年。

■同: banish bounce chase dismiss expel extrude oust boot out cast out run off drum out kick out throw out turf out

■反: take in include embrace welcome 接纳

scrap 英 [skræp] 美 [skræp] n. 碎片；残余物；打架；少量 vt. 废弃；使解体；拆毁 adj. 废弃的；零碎的 vi. 吵架

■拆: scrap(scrip-:write ) -> 原始含义 刻 削，磨　后引申为碎片; 残留物

■考点1: n.废料，废物: discarded or useless material

■e.g. The rest of this stuff is just scrap so sweep it up and throw it away.剩下的这堆东西都是、没用的，把它们打扫一下就扔了吧。

■同: chaff debris dreck dross dust effluvium junk litter offal offscouring raffle refuse riffraff rubbish waste

■考点2: vt.抛弃: to get rid of as useless or unwanted

■e.g. We've decided to scrap the first car.我们决定丢弃第一辆车。

■同: ditch dump jettison junk toss throw away

■反: retrieve 找回

■考点3: v.终止，放弃原计划: to put an end to (something planned or previously agreed to)

■e.g. We scrapped our plans to go to Paris and set out the next day for Prague. 我们取消了去巴黎的计划，第二天启程奔赴布拉格。

■同: abandon abort drop recall repeal rescind revoke call off cry off

■反: continue keep 继续，持续

gaffe 英 [ɡæf] 美 [ɡæf] n. 失态；过失

■拆: 原义为钩子 词源同gaff，词源不明，可能来自拟声词 鸭子的叫声，表示拙劣的讲话 后引申为 失态

■考点1: n.(社交上)失礼，失态: a social or diplomatic blunder

■e.g. A gaffe is when a politician tells the truth.——Michael Kinsley所谓出丑，就是政治家说真话的时候(迈克•金斯利)

■同: impropriety indecorum indiscretion

■反: decency decorum propriety 举止得体

■考点2: n.明显的错误，错误判断: a blatant mistake or misjudgment

■e.g. so-called debates which were mainly about seeing which candidate made the most gaffes 所谓的辩论，其实主要就是看哪个选手犯了最多的错误

■同: blunder lapse misstep oversight

needy 英 [ˈniːdi] 美 [ˈniːdi] adj. 贫困的；贫穷的；生活艰苦的

■考点: adj.贫困的: being in need; impoverished poor

■e.g. As a child she was extremely needy and had no self-confidence.她是一个非常贫穷的小孩，因此缺乏自信

■同: destitute impecunious impoverished indigent penurious poor threadbare

■反: affluent opulent wealthy 富有的