韦氏英语词典电子版(韦氏词典一口气收录了1000多个单词)
韦氏英语词典电子版(韦氏词典一口气收录了1000多个单词)特约编辑(editor-at-large)彼得·索科洛夫斯基表示,这些新词的来源也是多样化的,而能进入到词典,自然是要看出现的频次了:“在某些情况下,会对一些词观察多年,最后才收录到新词中;在其他情况下,一个词,其使用率迅速增长,得到广泛接受,这个词就会更快地被收入词典中。” "Given that usage of the term hasn't shown any signs of slowing down I wouldn't be surprised if post-truth becomes one of the defining words of our time." “鉴于目前这个词的使用频率还没有降低的迹象,post-truth最终成为定义我们这个时代的词汇之一,我也不会觉得奇怪。”2月7日,韦氏词典宣布收录1000多个新词至在线词典,主要是医药、运动、文学、时尚、政治以
由于社交媒体的广泛渗透,语言呈现出与在传统媒体时代截然不同的活跃以及发展。缺少了传媒媒体过滤,英语作为一种“活”语言,在Twitter和Facebook等社交网络上,有了别样的特点,也让各家英语辞典出版机构应接不睱,收录的词汇的频率以及数量以几何级指数增长。
2010年开始,各家辞典出版机构推出的年度词汇中,具有社交媒体风格的词汇就屡上榜首。例如,在2015年,《韦氏大词典》的年度词汇是X主义,《柯林斯辞典》则推Binge-watch,《牛津英语辞典》甚至将emojiemoji定为当年最火词。这些年度词的入围的一个主要原因是它们都在网络中,尤其是社交网络中的使用次数以及频率暴涨。从《牛津英语辞典》总裁Casper Grathwohl在解释该机构将post-truth定为2016年的年度词汇时的理由就可见一斑:
"We first saw the frequency really spike this year in June with buzz over the Brexit vote and again in July when Donald Trump secured the Republican presidential nomination.
“我们最开始注意到这个词使用频率暴增是在今年6月英国脱欧公投期间,后来7月份,特朗普被确定为共和党总统候选人时使用频率再次明显增加。”
"Given that usage of the term hasn't shown any signs of slowing down I wouldn't be surprised if post-truth becomes one of the defining words of our time." “鉴于目前这个词的使用频率还没有降低的迹象,post-truth最终成为定义我们这个时代的词汇之一,我也不会觉得奇怪。”
2月7日,韦氏词典宣布收录1000多个新词至在线词典,主要是医药、运动、文学、时尚、政治以及技术等领域。在韦氏词典发表的一份通告中,该机构谈及其收录标准,称
In some cases terms have been observed for years and are finally being added; in others the fast rise and broad acceptance of a term has made for a quicker journey.
“在某些情况下,会对一些词观察多年,最后才收录到新词中;在其他情况下,一个词,其使用率迅速增长,得到广泛接受,这个词就会更快地被收入词典中。”
特约编辑(editor-at-large)彼得·索科洛夫斯基表示,这些新词的来源也是多样化的,而能进入到词典,自然是要看出现的频次了:
If a word occurs frequently in the press or in movies or in novels or magazines then that’s a word that should be in the dictionary. If a word has entered the culture it should enter the dictionary
如果一个词频繁地出现在图书、电影、小说或是杂志上,那么这个词就理应纳入到词典之中。如果一个词在文化里出现,它理应成为词典的一部分。
对于新增加的词汇,韦氏词典的首席数字官和出版人丽莎·施耐德(Lisa Schneider)认为,它们反映出了英语词汇的广度以及词汇意思变化的速度:
This is a significant addition of words to our dictionary and it reflects both the breadth of English vocabulary and the speed with which that vocabulary changes
另外,这些增加的新词都添加至韦氏词典的在线词典库里。对于这种方式的优势,索科洛夫斯基说道:
The online dictionary gives us both more space to expand entries and a way to add them more quickly
在线词典既为我们提供了更多的空间来扩展词条,又为我们提供了一个迅速补充词条的方法。
在2月的新词更新中,以下几个词比较有特色,也更体现出了英语词汇的变化趋势:
train wreck(车祸现场):an utter disaster or mess
safe space (安全空间):used by college post-election to describe themselves campuses that will protect students who might feel in danger due to their religious beliefs sexual orientation race or gender.
microaggression(微型侵犯): a comment or action that subtly and often unconsciously or unintentionally expresses a prejudiced attitude toward a member of a marginalized group (such as a racial minority)
first world problem/first-world problem(“世界第一”小麻烦):a usually minor or trivial problem or annoyance experienced by people in relatively affluent or privileged circumstances especially as contrasted with problems of greater social significance facing people in poor and underdeveloped parts of the world
food insecure(果不食腹):unable to consistently access or afford adequate food
humblebrag/humble-bragg(谦虚为虚,自夸为实):to make a seemingly modest self-critical or casual statement or reference that is meant to draw attention to one's admirable or impressive qualities or achievements
ghost(闹鬼/玩失踪):v. the act of cutting off contact with someone by ignoring their texts and phone calls.
listicle(列表文章):an article consisting of a series of items presented as a list
snollygoster(墙头草,不讲原则又夸夸其谈的人,尤指政客):a shrewd unprincipled person
ride shotgun(坐副驾):to ride in the front passenger seat of a vehicle
throw shade(藉由间接或轻微侮辱来表达不屑): to express contempt or disrespect for someone publicly especially by subtle or indirect insults or criticisms
side eye(瞥了一眼):a sidelong glance or gaze especially when expressing scorn suspicion disapproval or veiled curiosity
weak sauce(不值一提的东西): something inferior ineffective or unimpressive
face-palm (双手掩面):to cover one's face with the hand as an expression of embarrassment dismay or exasperation
fast fashion(快时尚):an approach to the design creation and marketing of clothing fashions that emphasizes making fashion trends quickly and cheaply available to consumers
wayback (后备厢):the area in the back of a van station wagon or SUV
wayback machine(时空穿越机): a device for traveling into the past
pareidolia(空想性错视):the tendency to perceive a specific often meaningful image in a random or ambiguous visual pattern
最后,来一个小测验,以这个词是什么意思呢? 将你认为的意思发在评论区吧!
boo-hoo
翻吧·与你一起学翻译
translationtips
长按识别二维码关注翻吧