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现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(语法现在完成时与一般过去时的区别)

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(语法现在完成时与一般过去时的区别)再有,过去发生的一个动作,如现在情况已经发生的变化,也应用一般过去时。(强调门现在依然还开着。)(只强调过去开门这一动作,门现在可能已关上。)Who has opened the door?“谁把门开了?”

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(语法现在完成时与一般过去时的区别)(1)

共同点:

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作。

区别:①现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系,如对现在产生的结果或影响等,属于现在时范围,谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系,现在情况可能已发生变化。

Who opened the door?

“谁开的门?”

(只强调过去开门这一动作,门现在可能已关上。)

Who has opened the door?

“谁把门开了?”

(强调门现在依然还开着。)

②现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用,如:three days ago last year yesterday last Sunday in 2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语,应用一般过去时。

再有,过去发生的一个动作,如现在情况已经发生的变化,也应用一般过去时。

特别提醒:如果这些过去时间状语前有since,表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”,应用现在完成时。

He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.

他前天读完了这本书。

I put my ruler in my pencil-box but I can’t find it now.

我把尺子放到文具盒里了,但是我现在找不它了。

My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.

我的表弟从2009年起就呆在南京了。

③现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用,when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where why等疑问词连用。如:

Where have you been?

你去过哪里了?

—The train has left.

—When did the train leave?

——火车已经驶离了。

——火车什么时候驶离的?

④since引导的时间状语从句后面用一般过去时,只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。

We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.

自从两年前来学校,我们就互相认识了。

⑤有些时间状语,如this morning this month tonight等,既可以与一般过去时连用,又可以与现在完成时连用,但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时,表示与“现在”无关,时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时连用,则表示包括“现在”在内。

I saw him this morning.

(时间已不在上午了。)

I have seen him this morning.

(说话时间还是上午。)

He lived in New York for eight years.

(他现在已经不在纽约住了。)

He has lived in New York for eight years.

(他现在还在纽约居住。)

现在完成时与一般过去时专题训练:

动词填空:

1. I _____(see)Tom last Friday.

2. _____ you _____(go) to the Great Wall last summer?

3. —Where _____ you _____(put) my pen?

—I _____(put) it in my pencil-box but it’s nowhere to be found.

4. When _____ you _____(start) to live in China?

5. —The train _____(leave) already.

—When _____ the train _____(leave)?

6 .It is five years since I _____(meet) you last.

7. Where _____ you _____(be)for the last two weeks?

8. I _____(lose)my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.

单项选择:

( ) 1. —Where _____ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.

—I _____ it right here. But now it’s gone!

A.did you put; have put

B. have you put; put

C. had you put; was putting

D. were you putting; have put

( ) 2. My father _____ here since he _____ to this school.

A. taught; came

B.has taught; came

C. taught; has come

D. has taught; has come

( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It _____ 10 minutes ago.

A. left

B. has left

C. has been left

D.had left

( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last _____ you.(重庆)

A. saw

B. see

C. seeing

D. have seen

( ) 5. —Have you visited the Dinosaur World Elsa?

—Yes I _____ it yesterday.

A. have visited

B. had visited

C. visited

D. visit

( ) 6. —Nice to see you. I _____ you for along time. (南京)

—I _____ in Bejing. I’ve just come back.

A. hadn’t seen; am

B. haven’t seen; was

C. didn’t see; will be

D. haven’t seen; shall be

( ) 7. —What is the weather like this summer here?

—There _____ very little rain.

A. has

B. has been

C. are

D. have been

( ) 8. When _____ you _____ your dictionary?

A. did; lose

B. has; lost

C. will; lose

D. does; lose

( ) 9. Where _____ you _____? Which answer is not right?

A. are; going

B. have; been

C. did; go

D.are; doing

( ) 10. There _____ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.

A. were

B. have

C. are

D. have been

keys:

动词填空:

1. saw

2. Did go

3. have put put

4. did start

5. has left did leave

6. met

7. have been

8. have lost

单项选择:

1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(语法现在完成时与一般过去时的区别)(2)

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