龙腾网有什么用（入侵物种是否该格杀勿论）

龙腾网有什么用（入侵物种是否该格杀勿论）MeattyloafAsian carp are really bad for the ecosystem though. They actually jump due to how overpopulated they are and thrive in the rivers here. That is not a behavior seen in their homeland.亚洲鲤鱼确实对生态系统有害。它们之所以会跳跃是因为它们的数量繁衍过多。这种行为在他们的原生地是看不到的。FigglerBow hunting is great my dad used to hunt for carp and bass that way all the time when I was a kid.“弓钓”很有意思，我小的时候，我爸爸经常用弓钓射河里的鲤鱼和鲈鱼。评论翻译xyzd95Eastern

正文翻译

Invasive species are bad news or so goes the conventional wisdom encouraged by persistent warnings from biologists about the dangers of foreign animals and plants moving into new territories.
物种入侵是坏事，至少传统的看法是这样认为，而生物学家也不断警告外来动植物进入新地区的危害，进一步加固这一认识。
Conservation organizations bill alien species as the foremost threat to native wildlife. Cities rip out exotic trees and shrubs in favor of indigenous varieties. And governments spend millions on efforts to head off or eradicate biological invaders.
（环境）保护组织把外来物种列为原生物种的头号威胁。人们会在城市里拔除外来的树木和灌木，以保护土生土长的原生物种。政府也耗费巨资用于根除生物入侵者。
“I think the dominant paradigm in the field is still a ‘when in doubt kill them’ sort of attitude ” said Dov Sax an associate professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at Brown University.
“我认为在这个领域的主导态度依然是‘只要是外来物种，就要杀死它’，”布朗大学生态与进化生物学副教授多夫·萨克斯说。

Dr. Thompson and other scientists have called for a more nuanced approach to uating whether the presence of a species is harmful or beneficial. Eradicating most invasive species is virtually impossible in an era of globalization they note. And as climate change pushes more species out of their home ranges and into new areas the number of so-called invaders is likely to multiply exponentially.
汤普森等科学家一直在呼吁采取更细致的手段来评估一个外来物种的存在是利是弊。在全球化时代，根除大多数的入侵物种基本上是不可能的。随着气候的变化，越来越多的物种会被迫离开自己的故乡，前往新的地域，所谓生物入侵的规模可能会出现指数增长。

“Most conservation biologists and ecologists do not oppose nonnative species per se ” wrote Daniel Simberloff a professor of environmental science at the University of Tennessee who led the group that wrote the rebuttal. He added that Dr. Davis and his colleagues had vastly played down the severe harm that alien species caused.
“多数保护生物学家和生态学家并不反对外来物种，”田纳西大学环境科学教授丹尼尔·西姆博洛夫说。他是撰文反驳该论文的科学家群体的领导者。他说，但戴维斯和他的同事对外来物种的危害性过于轻描淡写。

Islands and mountaintops are especially vulnerable to damage from invaders because their native species often evolved in isolation and lack natural defenses against predators or immunity to exotic diseases. The brown tree snake accidentally transported to Guam has virtually eliminated the bird population there.
岛屿和山顶生态环境格外容易受到外来生物的破坏，因为那里的原生物种往往是在隔绝环境下演化的，缺乏抗御入侵者的能力，或对外来疾病的免疫力。举个例子，被无意中带到关岛的棕树蛇导致那里的鸟类基本上灭绝了。
A study published Feb. 17 in the journal Biology Letters for example concluded that alien species “are the second most common threat associated with species that have gone completely extinct” since 1500 A.D.
例如《生物学通讯》发表了一篇论文，结论是自公元前1500年至今，外来物种是“导致物种彻底灭绝的第二大威胁”。
In some instances nonnatives offer clear benefits. In California for example monarch butterflies prefer to spend their winters in the branches of the eucalyptus an exotic tree transplanted to the state more than 150 years ago and viewed by some as an invasive fire hazard. In Spain non-native crayfish serve as prey for migratory wetland birds including some endangered species.
但从某些案例看，一些外来物种也是有益的。比如在加利福尼亚，帝王蝶喜欢在桉树的枝杈上过冬。这种树是一种150多年前被移植到加利福尼亚州的外来树种，被一些人视为是容易带来火灾隐患的入侵者。在西班牙，非原生的小龙虾成了迁徙性湿地鸟类的食物，其中包括一些濒危物种。
And some notorious invaders can have positive effects. Western states have spent a fortune trying to eradicate the tamarisk tree which many experts believe hogs more than its share of water and damages the habitat of native species.
有些恶名昭著的生物入侵者也产生正面影响。比如西部很多州花了很多钱试图消灭红荆树，许多专家认为这种树会抢占过多的水分，破坏本地物种的栖息地。
But Julian D. Olden an associate professor in the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington said tamarisks had been found to provide shelter for birds like the southwestern willow flycatcher. Some studies have also concluded that the tree’s water use is not significantly different from that of other tree species.
但华盛顿大学水生生物与渔业科学院的助理教授朱利安·D·奥登说，红荆树成了西南柳鹟等鸟类的栖身之所。还有研究得出结论，认为这种树的用水和其他树种并没有太大差异。
The antipathy to foreign plants and wildlife is relatively recent. While the distinction between native and non-native species dates to the 18th century the term “invasion” was first used in a 1958 book — “The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants ” by Charles Elton — that drew on the militaristic vocabulary of the post-World War II era.
对外来植物和野生动物的排斥态度是最近才有的。原生与非原生的区分却可以追溯至18世纪，“入侵”这个词最早出现在一本1958年的书上，查尔斯·埃尔顿的《动植物入侵生态学》——采用了二战后时代的军事用语。
But the moniker did not achieve its full derogatory weight until the 1990s and early 2000s when academic interest in the subject peaked and the number of papers on the subject generated by invasion biologists grew proportionately.
但这个词直到1990年代和2000年代初才成为一个彻底的贬义词，当时这个课题是学界的大热门，入侵生物学家产出的论文急速增多。
To biologists like Dr. Simberloff taking action to head off alien species early on makes sense allowing governments to address threats before invaders take firm hold. Non-native species are far more likely to do harm than native plants and animals he argued adding that the debate was “a phony controversy.”
但在西姆博洛夫等生物学家看来，对外来物种及时加以阻拦是有意义的，这样政府可以在入侵生物扎根之前采取对策。他认为，非原生物种造成危害的可能性远高于原生物种，还说关于入侵物种利弊的讨论只是“一个假惺惺的学术争论”。
Whether a species is viewed as native however often depends on when you arrived on the scene. Much of what Americans eat was originally imported: The horse an icon of the American West for example was reintroduced by the Spanish thousands of years after the original North American horse became extinct. Several states list the honeybee as their state insect. But like many other state fish insects and flowers the bees are in fact immigrants.
然而，一个物种是否称得上原生，往往取决于你是什么时候到这里的。美国的生物有很多是外来的：例如美国西部的象征——马，是北美原生马种灭绝几千年后，由西班牙人重新引入的。有几个州把蜜蜂列为它们的州虫。但和许多其他的州鱼、州虫、州花一样，蜜蜂也是外来的。

Beavers were common in Britain until they were hunted to extinction centuries ago. But when a group of the toothy dam builders took up residence along the River Tay in western Scotland several years ago local farmers and fishermen greeted the animals with hostility saying they posed a threat to farmland and salmon runs and were potential carriers of disease.
海狸曾经在英国很常见，但几个世纪前因捕猎而灭绝。然而在几年前，一群长着大门牙的“筑坝师傅”（海狸）在苏格兰西部的泰河沿岸住了下来，却遭到当地农民和渔民的抵制，他们说这些动物对农田和鲑鱼迁徙是一个威胁，并且可能携带疾病。
Scottish Land and Estates insisted that the beavers’ centuries of absence from Britain nullified their resident status the Independent reported in 2010.
《独立报》在2010年报道，“苏格兰土地与地产”机构坚称，海狸已经有几个世纪没在英国出现，因此它们的居民身份已经失效。
“It’s just silly ” Dr. Thompson said of the reaction to the Tay beavers. “I don’t think we would have ended up in this ridiculous situation if we hadn’t been so bombarded by propaganda about invasive species.”
“这也太傻了，”汤普森这样评价泰河海狸的遭遇。“如果不是整天被宣传入侵物种的危害，我觉得公众舆论也不至于沦落到如此荒唐的地步。”

As more species migrate new quandaries are likely to arise. And as the human population increases driving more animals and plants toward extinction a species’ second home may be the only one it has.
随着更多的物种迁徙，新的窘境还会出现。而随着人口增长，越来越多的动物植物将走向灭绝，一个物种的第二家园，也许将是它们唯一的家园。
In a paper published last month in the journal Conservation Biology two scientists in California Michael P. Marchetti and Tag Engstrom describe the “paradox” of species that are under threat in their native range but are viewed as invasive in other places they have settled.
在上月《保护生物学》的一篇论文中，两位加州科学家迈克尔·P·马切蒂和泰格·英斯托罗姆描述了一种“诡局”，即一些物种在原生地域的生存受到威胁，但在第二定居地又被当做入侵者。
They include the Monterey pine endangered in California and Mexico but treated as a pest in Australia and New Zealand and the Barbary sheep endangered in Morocco and other countries but running rampant in the Canary Islands and elsewhere.
这其中包括了在加州和墨西哥濒危的蒙特雷松树，但在澳大利亚和新西兰又被视为一种有害植物，在摩洛哥等国濒危的蛮羊，却在加那利群岛等地泛滥成灾。
“We’re playing a little bit of ecological roulette here ” he added.
“我们这是在玩某种生态轮盘赌，”他说道。

评论翻译
xyzd95
Eastern Honeybees are an acceptable answer. Those little guys sure do get around considering they’re on every continent aside from Antarctica. House Sparrows are cool but I can’t say the same for brown rats personally
东方蜜蜂作为入侵物种其实还可以接受。考虑到它们生活在除南极洲以外的每一个大陆上，这些小家伙确实到处迁徙。家麻雀也很酷，但我个人不怎么喜欢褐鼠。

Meattyloaf
Asian carp are really bad for the ecosystem though. They actually jump due to how overpopulated they are and thrive in the rivers here. That is not a behavior seen in their homeland.
亚洲鲤鱼确实对生态系统有害。它们之所以会跳跃是因为它们的数量繁衍过多。这种行为在他们的原生地是看不到的。
Figgler
Bow hunting is great my dad used to hunt for carp and bass that way all the time when I was a kid.
“弓钓”很有意思，我小的时候，我爸爸经常用弓钓射河里的鲤鱼和鲈鱼。

ChopperHunter
The mongooses are active during the day and the rats at night so they where a total failure at rat control.
The same thing happened with the bufo toads. They were released in Hawaii to kill cane beetles which were a pest to the sugar cane farms. Only problems is bufo toads don't eat cane beetles.
猫鼬在白天活动，而老鼠在晚上活动，所以它们对老鼠的控制完全失败了。
同样的事情也发生在蟾蜍身上。它们在夏威夷被放生，希望杀死甘蔗农场的害虫——甘蔗甲虫。但唯一的问题是蟾蜍不吃甘蔗甲虫。
DuploJamaal
Crows are all over the world but where are crows naturally from and what kind of effect did they have as an invasive species?
世界各地都有乌鸦，但是乌鸦的原生地是哪里?作为入侵物种，它们产生了什么样的影响?
Na3C6H5O7
The only species I know of that has really become an invasive problem is the house crow native to Southern Asia and invasive in parts of Europe. It hasn't been much of a problem because competition with native species has kept it in check.
据我所知，唯一一种真正成为入侵物种的是家鸦，原产于南亚，在欧洲部分地区也有入侵性。但这并不是什么大问题，因为本土物种的竞争可以控制它的数量。
GlockAF
We have both where I live they are absolutely distinguishable from each other don’t interbreed and are frequently hostile towards each other. Their territories do overlap somewhat but serious incursions from either side are dealt with by mobbing and harassment.
The one thing they can both agree on is that they can’t stand eagles they will relentlessly harass them every chance they get.
在我居住的地方，不同的乌鸦种群界限分明，不会杂交，而且经常互相敌视。它们的领土在某种程度上确实重叠，但双方的互相入侵都是通过围攻和骚扰来完成的。
但这些乌鸦唯一达成一致的一件事是他们不能忍受老鹰，一有机会他们就会骚扰附近的老鹰。
oswan
Are you in British Columbia? I'm watching ravens and crows arguing right now....and they'll both flying around.
Our ravens have a much greater range of sounds. I love listening to the ravens at dawn while I lie in bed.
你是在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省吗?我正在观察渡鸦与乌鸦之间的争吵……他们会互相追赶，飞来飞去。
我们这的乌鸦嗓门非常大。我喜欢在黎明时躺在床上听乌鸦的叫声。
Sirenemon
Corvids--which includes crows ravens rooks jays--are naturally found all over the world.
A lot of different birds are called "crows " like how many different birds are called "sparrows" or "doves." If you watch anime you've probably seen crows but they sound very different from the crows here in America. That's because they're two different species. But for the average person it's a black bird that's kind of smart and has some association with death so you might think of it as the same species.
Corvids are some of the smartest animals on the planet. They are highly social they teach each other things (if a person hurts/kills a crow they tell all their friends and they all know to avoid that person) they use tools and they even hold funerals! The ones in Japan steal nuts and drop them in the crosswalks for cars to crush then wait for the pedestrian light so they can get it without getting run over.
鸦科动物——包括乌鸦、渡鸦、白嘴鸦、松鸦——在世界各地都能自然地找到。
许多不同的鸟被统称为“乌鸦”，就像有许多不同的鸟被称为“麻雀”或“鸽子”。如果你看动漫，你可能见过日本乌鸦，但是它们听起来和美国的乌鸦很不一样。这是因为它们是两个不同的物种。但对于普通人来说，乌鸦是一种黑色的鸟，它有点聪明，而且与死亡有某种联系，所以人们可能会认为它们都是同一物种。
鸦科动物是地球上最聪明的动物。他们是高度社会化的，他们互相教导(如果有人伤害/杀死一只乌鸦，他们会告诉他们所有的朋友，并且他们都知道要避开那个人)，他们使用工具，他们甚至会举行葬礼!
在日本，有些乌鸦会偷坚果，把坚果丢在人行横道上让汽车碾压，然后等着行人信号灯亮起，这样他们在吃坚果时就不会被碾压。