非谓语动词的不定式用法总结（动词不定式动名词）

非谓语动词的不定式用法总结（动词不定式动名词）[比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)/ He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) /Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话。)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了，但是你忘记了。)(打过电话)如：I would like to have a rest at the moment.(我现在想休息一下。)/ They began to search the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷。)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(他喜爱在靠家

经常有好学的朋友们问我什么是动名词，什么是分词等问题，今天小编来帮助大家能懂这些最基本最重要的问题。

动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式都属于动词的非谓语形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。

动词不定式

① 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to 动词原形”构成。它的否定形式只要在“to” 前面加上“not”。它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词 to 动词原形”。*它的被动形式：“to be 过去分词”。*它的完成形式：“to have 过去分词”。

② 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征，即不定式后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。

③ 动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面，而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人。)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难。)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间。)

④ 动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。

[A] 及物动词 不定式一般形式：

如：I would like to have a rest at the moment.(我现在想休息一下。)/ They began to search the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷。)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳。)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)/ Don’t forget to close the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门。)

[比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)/ He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) /Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话。)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了，但是你忘记了。)(打过电话)

[B] 及物动词 疑问词 不定式：

如：He does not know which one to take.(他不知道该选哪个)/ Tell me how to get to the station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站。)/ She asked me what to do for today’s homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么。)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？)

[C] 不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时，通常用it代替作形式宾语，而不定式则后置。如： I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易。)

⑤ 动词不定式可以在句子中用作定语，放在名词或代词后面。

[A] 记住下面的一些结构：

[B] 在这种情况下，如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则后面必须加介词。如：

They could not find a place to live in.(他们找不到住的地方)/ Please give me a chair to sit on.(请给我一张椅子坐坐)/ He has got a writing brush to write with.((他找到了写字的毛笔)

⑥ 动词不定式可以在句子中用作状语，有下列几种情况：

[A] 放在不及物动词(come go stop finish wait等词)的后面。如：He came to see her yesterday.(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的)/ I stopped to have a rest.(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的)

[B] 放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语 宾语”、“谓语 宾语 补语”、“动词 表语”之后)。如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩)/ I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿)

[C] 有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。如：To arrive there on time，I got up one hour earlier than usual.(为了按时到达，我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的)

[注意] stop to do 与stop doing的不同。如：They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语)/ They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teahcher.(他们停止向窗外望，开始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语，表示“停止”的内容)

⑦ 动词不定式可以在句子中用作表语，限用于连系动词之后。如：My job is to keep the goal.(我的工作就是守住球门)

⑧ 动词不定式可以在句子中用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。

如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭)/ I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母)/ The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时)/ Now let me hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴)

[注意] help之后做宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时，含义不同，需特别注意，(参见现在分词部分)。试比较：

I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭。)(指当时瞬间的情况)

I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌。)(指整个过程)

动名词

① 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。动名词有动词的特征，可以跟宾语，可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。动名词加相关词语(宾语或状语等)构成动名词短语。

② 动名词可以作主语。一般可用it作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。如：Learning English all by yourself is not so easy.(自学好英语不那么容易。)(=It is not so easy learning English all by yourself.)

③ 动名词可以作宾语。

[A] want / need之后用动名词时，含有被动意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理)

[B] remember / forge / stop / finish之后用动名词时，与用不定式含义不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信。)(根本没写) / I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信。)(写了却忘了) / They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看。)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看。)(不向后看了)

[C] enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等词一般用动名词作宾语。如：Do you mind my closing the door?(把门关上你介意吗？)/ She hates travelling by air.(她讨厌坐飞机旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon.(他们每天下午去游泳。)/ I enjoy walking around the town.(我喜欢在镇上转悠。)

[D] like / love / start / begin / learn后面用动名词时，与用不定式意思相近或相同。如：We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我们在小学时就开始学英语了。) / We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我们在小学时就开始学英语了。)

④ 动名词可以作表语，此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。如：My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来。) / I am putting these parts together.(我正在把这些部件拼起来。)

⑤ 动名词与现在分词构成相同，但是含义不同，动名词主要表示事情，而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。如：Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语，作主语) / Seeing is believing.(动名词短语，分别作主语和表语) / He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词，作定语) / His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词，作宾补)

(4)分词： 包含现在分词和过去分词。

① 主要区别：现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动 作已经完成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。

② 分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。

[A] 作定语：分词作定语时，一般要放在修饰的名词之前，分词短语作定语时，则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕。) / The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly，“Stop the thief!”(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊：捉小偷！) / Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)/ He only gave me a broken glass，so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯，所以我很生他的气。)

[B] 现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。

如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作)/ When I entered the room，I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子。)/ In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动。)

[C] 现在分词可以作状语，表示伴随情况。如：She came into the classroom，holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室，手上抓着一沓纸。)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试。)

[D] 过去分词可以作表语，放在连系动词后面，但要注意不要与被动语态混淆，“主系表”主要表示状态，而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) /get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。例略。

[E] 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给我理了发。)(注意：have sth. done表示动作由别人来做，而have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构，两个结构不可以混淆)

本文仅仅从最重要最基本的概念进行解释，如果想学的深一点，小编前期各类文章里有对本文的方方面面有深入的解说，希望大家进去好好看一下，英语的进步到时就不是进步一点点啦！最后祝大家学习进步！