过去完成时逐字稿：过去完成时讲义
过去完成时逐字稿：过去完成时讲义1. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态。只有和过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。常见的时间状语（从句）由by before when by the end of by the time until 等引导。三、用法否定回答: No 主语 hadn’t.例句：By the time he got to the airport the plane had taken off. ---Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport? ---Yes it had. / No it hadn’t.
一、含义：过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，它表示发生的时间为“过去的过去”。
二、构成：had （not） 过去分词
一般疑问句：Had 主语 过去分词 ＋其他？
肯定回答: Yes 主语 had.
否定回答: No 主语 hadn’t.
例句：By the time he got to the airport the plane had taken off.
---Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport? ---Yes it had. / No it hadn’t.
三、用法
1. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态。只有和过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。常见的时间状语（从句）由by before when by the end of by the time until 等引导。
He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.
他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年。
（解析：由时间状语before he came to our school.可知，前面是在此之前所发生的事情，表过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。）
My parents had begun to work by the time I got up. 在我起床的时候我父母已经开始工作了。
I had learned 1000 English words until then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
2. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态一直延续到过去某个时间并可能延续下去。常与“for ＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”连用。
注意：与现在完成时一样，和时间相关的要用延续性动词。
The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.
当Millie到达电影院的时候 电影已经开始了半个小时了。
（解析：begin是短暂性动词，不与表示一段时间的时间状语连用；电影在Millie 到达电影院之前就开始了，是过去的过去，应当用过去完成时。）
When Jack arrived Mary had been away since an hour ago.
当杰克到达时，玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。
拓展：
3. 过去完成时经常用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作发生。如在told said knew heard thought等动词引导的宾语从句中。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她说她从来没有去过巴黎。
I thought that I had seen him before. 我觉得我以前见过他。
4. 在表示过去概念的句子中，常出现与完成时态连用的词，如：already yet since for ever never 及表次数的词，此时句子常用过完成时。
I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.
我昨天在街上碰到了吉姆。自从他去北京后，我们彼此没有见过面。
Mary said it was at least five years since he had enjoyed a good drink.
（解析：It was 时间段 since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。）
