南宁一岁半孩子死亡后续(8岁小新娘婚礼隔天大出血)
南宁一岁半孩子死亡后续(8岁小新娘婚礼隔天大出血)本期外刊来自《经济学人》20210626,文章聚焦印度尼西亚的童婚泛滥情况。https://www.unicef.org/zh/protection/童婚如果不加速努力,到2030年将有超过1.2亿女童在18岁以前结婚。童婚往往是根深蒂固的性别不平等的结果,女童尤其容易遭受这种习俗的影响。在全球范围,男童的童婚率只有女童的六分之一。More details are as below. 联合国儿童基金会网址↓
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何谓童婚?
联合国儿童基金会给出了定义:童婚是指18岁以下儿童与一名成年人或另一名儿童的正式婚姻或非正式结合。
据联合国儿童基金会的数据显示,尽管在世界范围内童婚的流行率有所下降,从十年前的25%下降到如今的20%左右,但这种习俗仍然广泛存在。联合国可持续发展目标要求全球采取行动,在2030年前消除这种侵犯人权的行为。
如果不加速努力,到2030年将有超过1.2亿女童在18岁以前结婚。
童婚往往是根深蒂固的性别不平等的结果,女童尤其容易遭受这种习俗的影响。在全球范围,男童的童婚率只有女童的六分之一。
More details are as below. 联合国儿童基金会网址↓
https://www.unicef.org/zh/protection/童婚
本期外刊来自《经济学人》20210626,文章聚焦印度尼西亚的童婚泛滥情况。
标题:
Unlawfully wed
非法结婚
One in nine Indonesian women marries before the age of 18
九分之一的印尼妇女不到18岁就结婚
Religious courts continue to allow grown men to marry girls
宗教法庭继续允许成年男子娶未成年女孩
01
WHEN RASMINAH was 13 her parents forced her to abandon her education and get married to a man who was then 27. “I was heartbroken ” she says. “I would watch my friends leave for school every morning wishing that was my life.” When the marriage failed she was married again aged 15 to a 40-year-old man.
Rasminah 13岁时,她被父母强迫放弃学业,嫁给了一个27岁的男人。“我心碎了,”她说。“我每天早上看着朋友们去上学,多希望那是我的人生。”婚姻失败后,她15岁时又和一个40岁的男人结了婚。
02
One in nine Indonesian women is married before turning 18. The country’s lawmakers want that to change. Two years ago they raised the legal age of marriage for women from 16 to 19 to match that for men. At the start of 2020 the government restated its ambition to cut the rate of child marriage by 40% within a decade.
九分之一的印尼女性在18岁之前结婚。这个国家的立法者希望改变这种情况。两年前,他们将女性的法定结婚年龄从16岁提高到19岁,以便与男性相匹配。在2020年初,政府重申了其在十年内将童婚率降低40%的雄心。
03
Raising the age at which women can marry has sent an important signal. But the new rules contain big holes. Religious courts have retained the right to wave through underage marriages for families who ask nicely. Parents make use of this procedure to arrange hasty weddings for girls who have got pregnant among other reasons. Almost all requests are granted often without the knowledge or approval of the child involved. Applications for these dispensations Rocketed after the marriage-age was raised.
提高女性的结婚年龄已经释放出了一个重要的信号。但新规定也存在巨大漏洞。宗教法庭保留了对善意请求的家庭批准未成年婚姻的权利。父母们利用这个程序漏洞为怀孕的女孩(或者因其他原因)安排草率的婚礼。几乎所有的要求都得到了批准,通常都没有得到相关孩子的知情或同意。随着法定结婚年龄的提高,这些豁免的申请激增。
①Grown /grəʊn/ adj. 长大的;成年的,成熟的 n. 成年人
英文释义:(of animals) fully developed。
【相关词组】
grown up 长大成人
【例句】
The bear was a fully grown adult.
那只熊已完全发育成熟。
【近义词】
Mature adj. 成熟的,成年人的
②legal age of marriage 法定结婚年龄
③Retained retain /rɪ'teɪn/ 的过去式,完成时形式,vt. 保持,保留
【例句】
She retains a clear memory of her schooldays.
她仍清楚记得她的求学时代。
I retain my title though I no longer retain my husband.
虽然我留不住丈夫,但还是留住了头衔。(《福尔摩斯基本演绎法第二季》)
④Wave /weɪv/ 本意是“波浪”,这里作动词,意为“挥手示意”,文中意译为“批准通过”。
⑤Hasty /'heɪstɪ/ adj. 仓促完成的 急忙的 急速的
【相关词组】
hasty indeed 匆忙
hasty script 草书
【例句】
A hasty decision which is a quick or premature decision.
一个仓促的决定,意思是快速做出的或不成熟的决定。
⑥Granted /'gra:ntid/ grant /ɡrɑ:nt/ 的过去式,被动语态,vt. 准许;答应给予
【相关词组】
take for granted 认为…理所当然
【例句】
He's agreed to grant you your freedom.
他已经同意放你自由。(《权力的游戏(第五季)》)
⑦Dispensation /dɪspen'seɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 分配;豁免
【相关词组】
with dispensation 不受处分地
the dispensation of Providence [宗]天意 上天的安排
【例句】
I'm not even supposed to have this any more they gave me special dispensation to keep it.
其实我并没有资格再拥有它了 他们特许我留着它。(《神探夏洛克》)
⑧Rocket /'rɒkɪt/ n. 火箭 vi. 飞快地移动,急速上升
【例句】
He rocketed to national stardom.
他像火箭般迅速跃为国家明星。
04
Meanwhile only about 5% of all marriages involving children go through legal channels according to a government estimate. In lots of cases authorities are deliberately kept in the dark by families who know that the nuptials are unlawful. But marriages also go unregulated because registering them involves cost and hassle says Nina Nurmila of the National Commission on Violence Against Women. Asking an official to travel to witness a rural marriage can cost around $40—about one-and-a-half times the monthly wage of an Indonesian living on the national poverty line. Many families conclude that it is sufficient to get the blessing of religious leaders says Nani Zulminarni of PEKKA a women’s group.
与此同时,据政府估计,在所有涉及孩子的婚姻中,只有约5%通过了合法渠道。在很多情况下,当局被那些明知道婚礼是非法的家庭故意蒙蔽在外。但是,据全国反妇女暴力委员会的妮娜·努尔米拉反映,婚姻也不受监管,因为登记婚姻既费钱又麻烦。请求一名政府工作人员远行去见证一场农村婚姻需要大约40美元——大约是生活在国家贫困线上的印尼人月工资的1.5倍。妇女组织PEKKA的Nani Zulminarni说,许多家庭认为得到宗教领袖的支持就足够了。
05
Changing people’s attitudes to child marriage is the hardest task. In February a matchmaking agency made the news after vowing to help women “perform their duties” by “marrying between the ages of 12 and 21 (and no later!) to please Allah”. The government’s strategy emphasises the need to educate families about the Downsides of marrying before adulthood.
最难的任务是改变人们对童婚的态度。今年2月,一家婚介机构曝出了这样一则新闻,他们发誓要帮助女性“履行自己的职责”,即“为了取悦真主阿拉,要在12岁至21岁之间结婚(不得晚!)”。政府的策略强调了对家庭进行教育的必要性,对家庭普及童婚的负面影响。
①Nuptial /'nʌpʃ(ə)l/ n.老式婚礼
【例句】
We are here tonight to celebrate the upcoming nuptials of my best friend Howard Wolowitz. Hear! Hear!
今晚我们庆祝我的挚友,霍华德·沃洛维茨即将到来的婚礼。干杯,干杯!(《生活大爆炸 第5季》)
②Unregulated /ʌn'regjʊleɪtɪd/ adj. 未受管理[控制、约束]的; 未校准[调整、调节]的
【例句】
Since it is largely unregulated reliable statistics are hard to come by.
由于它大部分都不受监管,可靠的统计数据是很难得到的。
③Hassle /'hæs(ə)l/ n. 困难,麻烦
英文释义:an angry disturbance。
【相关词组】
daily hassles 日常困扰
【例句】
For 90 percent of the population being rich is too much of a hassle.
对于90%的人来说,做富人有“太多烦扰”。(《富爸爸穷爸爸》)
④matchmaking agency 婚介所
⑤downside /ˈdaunsaid/ n. 负面,缺点;下降趋势
【相关词组】
downside risk 跌价风险;下跌风险
on the downside 缺点是; 不利的地方;
downside protection 下档保护(用以防备售出看涨期权的标的股票价格下跌)
【例句】
Each technique has its upsides and downsides.
每种技术都有优缺点。(The Economist-Science and technology)
Even so kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.
即使如此,国王和女王毫无疑问有其不足之处。(《考研英语阅读真题》)
一位摄影师拍摄的印度集体童婚现场
06
Experience from past disasters suggests that the pandemic will make things much worse. In 2018 an earthquake and tsunami struck Palu a city on the island of Sulawesi; the next year cases of child marriage rose from 14 to 48 in just one village according to LIBU Perempuan (LP) a women’s-rights group. Dewi Rana of LP says some children there were herded into marriage after being orphaned because locals thought that was a good way to make sure they received support. Some girls who had been sexually abused by men in the aftermath of the disaster were forced to marry their attackers.
过去灾难的经验表明,疫情将使情况变得更糟。2018年,一场地震和海啸袭击了苏拉威西岛的一座城市帕鲁;据妇女权利组织 LIBU Perempuan (LP)称,第二年,仅一个村庄的童婚事件就从14起上升到48起。LP的Dewi Rana说,那里的一些孩子在成为孤儿后就被赶去结婚,因为当地人认为这是确保她们能够活下去的好办法。一些在灾难后遭到男性性侵的女孩被迫嫁给侵犯她们的人。
07
Lia Anggie of the Indonesian Women’s Coalition which represents several charities says that school closures during the pandemic have made it more likely that girls will have sexual relationships that lead to them being pushed into marriage. Closed classrooms have also interrupted the delivery of new curriculums which it was hoped would help youngsters resist pressure to marry. The government estimates that an additional 2.8m Indonesians fell into poverty last year; financial Distress makes families more keen to seek husbands for their daughters. It will be hard for officials to untangle this knot.
代表多个慈善机构的印度尼西亚妇女联盟的Lia Anggie说,疫情期间学校停课使得女孩更有可能发生性关系,导致她们被迫结婚。教室封锁也中断了新课程的教学,人们希望这些新课程能帮助年轻人抵抗结婚的压力。政府估计去年新增280万印尼人陷入贫困;经济困难使家庭更热衷于为女儿寻找丈夫。政府很难解开这个结。
①Tsunami /tsuː'nɑːmɪ/ n. 海啸
英文释义:a cataclysm resulting from a destructive sea wave caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption 由地震或火山爆发引起的破坏性海浪引起的大灾难。
【相关词组】
financial tsunami 金融海啸;金融风暴
tsunami warning 海啸预报
②Herded herd /hɜːd/ 被动语态,vt. 放牧;使成群;作名词时,意为“兽群,畜群;放牧人”。
【相关词组】
herds of 成群,大量(指人时含蔑视意义)
herd immunity [免疫] 群体免疫
Herding dog 牧羊犬
ceasing herd 休牧
【例句】
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.
但是群体免疫只有在几乎整个群体都同意接种时才起作用。(《高考阅读真题》)
③Orphaned 使…成孤儿(orphan/'ɔːf(ə)n/的过去式)
be orphaned 长辈去世,成为孤儿
④in the aftermath of 在……后的一段时间里
【例句】
In the aftermath of a traumatic event people can get amnesia.
经历过创伤性事件后人们可能会失忆。(《逍遥法外 第二季》)
In the aftermath of this storm we were thrown back to the east.
风暴过后,我们已经被抛到了大西洋的东边。(《海底两万里》)
This institution was founded in the aftermath of two world wars to help shape this better future.
联合国建立在两次世界大战之后,旨在塑造这个更美好的未来。(《特朗普联合国演讲2017》)
⑤distress /dɪ'stres/ n. 悲痛 痛苦 忧伤 苦恼;贫困 窘迫;危险 困难 危难,文中指贫困。
【相关词组】
distress call 遇险信号;求救呼号
distressed sale 廉价急售
distress warrant 扣押令
economic distress 经济不景气
emotional distress 情感抑郁
Distressed Debt 不良债权
in distress 遇难;在困境中
【例句】
I used to be a damsel in distress.
我是常常处于忧伤中的女孩。(《Taylor Swift 13》)
Still others dangle damsels in distress.
还有一些身处危机中的少女。(《经济学人》)
⑥keen to 热衷于……;渴望于……
【例句】
He was keen to hear the disagreements.
他很渴望听到不同的声音。
⑦Untangle /ʌn'tæŋg(ə)l/ vt. 清理;整顿;解开…纠结
un- 表示“打开,解开,弄出”;tangle vt. 使纠缠;处于混乱状态。
【同源词】
entangle vt. 使纠缠;卷入;使混乱
tangle n. 混乱状态;纠纷 vt. 使纠缠;处于混乱状态
intangible adj. 难以捉摸的 难以理解的 无法确定的 (指企业资产)无形的
【例句】
Richard Tomkins sets about untangling the problem and comes up with an answer.
里查德·汤姆金斯着手解决这一问题,并提出了建议。(《大学英语综合教程4》)
为了分享这篇文章,我特意去查询了世界各国的法定结婚年龄。结果,真实情况出乎我的意料。
有一部分国家的法定结婚年龄是男女均18岁以上,如埃及、埃塞俄比亚。中国自不必说,男22岁,女20岁。可能是所有国家中法定结婚年龄最高的了。
有相当一部分国家,虽法定结婚年龄是18周岁,但是在父母的同意下16周岁也可以结婚。欧洲国家基本上都是如此。
还有一些国家,法律规定男18周岁,女16周岁即可结婚。比如日本,日本的法定结婚年龄其实是20岁,但在父母的允许下,男18岁,女16岁也可结婚。
再有一些国家就有些过分了,都可以算是合法童婚了。比如,在美国,爱达荷、密西西比、新泽西和华盛顿州等则允许年满14岁的男孩、年满12岁的女孩结婚。还比如,巴拉圭规定男16岁,女14岁就能结婚。
黎巴嫩12岁女童嫁老头
搜寻有关童婚资料时,还看到几则让我出离愤怒的旧闻!
“2010年,一名13岁的也门女孩在包办婚姻的5天后身亡,死因是内脏破裂。”
“2012年,也门另一名12岁的新娘在分娩时挣扎了3天后死去。”
“2013年9月,年仅8岁的也门小女孩Rawan被迫嫁给一名40岁的男子。婚礼当晚,男子强迫Rawan与其发生性关系。第二天,Rawan因体内大出血被送往医院不治身亡。”
童婚是陋习吗?不仅仅吧,童婚就是犯罪,赤裸裸的犯罪!
*本文由新英语逃脱计划整理发布,请合理转载,标明出处
-the end-
作者:Peach君,英语外刊双语分享者,关注并私信我回复数字“1”送你一份英语外刊精读大礼包~