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14年考研英语一阅读第三篇第一题(考研英语一)

14年考研英语一阅读第三篇第一题(考研英语一)解析:More than 超过Typically ad.通常地Captive a.被囚禁的 被圈养的 被垄断的词组:

14年考研英语一阅读第三篇第一题(考研英语一)(1)

1. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by one one rail company .Railroads typically charge such “ captive ” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business .

结构:

  • The vast consolidation within the rail industry [主] means [谓]
  • 宾语从句:that most shippers [主] are served [谓] by one one rail company [宾] .
  • Railroads [主] typically charge [谓] such “ captive ” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do
  • 时间状语从句:when another railroad [主] is competing [谓] for the business [宾] .
  • 单词:

    Vast a.巨大的 大量的

    Consolidation n.合并 巩固

    Typically ad.通常地

    Captive a.被囚禁的 被圈养的 被垄断的

    词组:

    More than 超过

    解析:

  • that引导宾语从句,做means的宾语
  • When引导时间状语从句
  • 直译:铁路企业内的大量合并意味着,大部分托运商仅仅被一家铁路公司服务。与当有其他的铁路公司竞争生意时,他们收的费用相比,铁路公司通常多收这些被垄断的托运商20%-30%的费用。

    译文:铁路业规模空前的合并意味着,大多数托运商将由唯一的一家铁路公司提供服务。通常,铁路公司向这样的“受牵制”的托运商收取的费用比有别的铁路公司竞争时多20%-30%

    重点:

  • that引导宾语从句,做means的宾语
  • When引导时间状语从句
  • 14年考研英语一阅读第三篇第一题(考研英语一)(2)

    2. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief but the process is expensive time-consuming and will work only in truly extreme cases .

    结构:

  • Shippers [主1]
  • 定语从句:who [主] feel [谓]
  • 宾语从句:they [主] are being overcharged [谓]
  • have [谓1] the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief [宾]
  • but the process [主2] is [系2] expensive time-consuming [表2]
  • and will work [谓2] only in truly extreme cases [宾2]
  • 单词:

    Overcharge n.高收费

    Appeal vt.上诉 投诉

    Relief n.补贴 安心 解除 降低

    Extreme a.极大的 过激的 n.极端

    词组:

    Time-consuming a.耗时的

    解析:

  • Who引导定语从句,修饰shippers,并在句子中做主语
  • 定语从句中包含一个宾语从句,省略了连接词that
  • 定语从句截断了主语shippers和谓语have
  • But连接一个并列句,并列句中又有一对并列句,共同使用主语the process
  • 直译:感觉到他们正在被过高收费的托运商有权利向联邦政府的地面运输委员会上诉,申请减免费率,但是这个过程费用昂贵,也耗时间,而且只对真正极端的案件起作用

    译文:那些觉得被索价过高的托运商有权利向联邦政府的陆路运输委员会投诉,要求降低费率,但是这种过程费用高,也费时间,而且旨在极端的情况下才有效

    重点:

  • Who引导定语从句,修饰shippers,并在句子中做主语
  • 定语从句中包含一个宾语从句,省略了连接词that
  • 定语从句截断了主语shippers和谓语have
  • But连接一个并列句,并列句中又有一对并列句,共同使用主语the process
  • 14年考研英语一阅读第三篇第一题(考研英语一)(3)

    3. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost .

    结构:

  • Railroads [主] justify [谓] rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds [宾]
  • 同位语从句:that in the long run it [主] reduces [谓] everyone’s cost [宾]
  • 单词:

    Discrimination n.区别 歧视

    Reduce vt.降低 减少

    Ground n.地面 土地 场地 地方 环境

    词组:

    In the long run 从长远来看

    解析:

  • that引导同位语从句,补充说明rate discrimination
  • 直译:铁路企业说,在这个环境下,对于受牵制托运商收取不同的费用是合理的,从长远来看,它会降低每个人的成本

    译文:铁路公司认为,在费用上区别对待受牵制的托运商是合理的,因为从长远来看,这会降低所有人的成本

    重点:

  • In the long run 从长远来看
  • that引导同位语从句,补充说明rate discrimination
  • 14年考研英语一阅读第三篇第一题(考研英语一)(4)

    4. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate they argue shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line .

    结构:

  • 条件状语从句:If railroads [主] charged [谓] all customers the same average rate
  • 插入语: they argue
  • 主句:shippers [主1]
  • 定语从句:who [主] have [谓] the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation [宾] would do [谓1] so [宾1]
  • leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line [状1]
  • 单词:

    switch v.转换 转向

    Shoulder vt.负担

    解析:

  • if引导条件状语从句
  • 条件状语从句和主句间有一个插入语
  • 主句包含一个定语从句,who引导定语从句修饰shippers,在句子中做主语
  • 直译:铁路企业认为,如果对所有的顾客收取相同的平均费率,那么有转向货车或者其他运输方式选择权的托运商,就会这样做,而仍然选择留下了的顾客就要负担所有运营成本

    译文:他们认为,如果铁路公司向所有的客户都收取同样的平均费用,那么,那些可以选择卡车或其他运输方式的托运商就会转移,使剩余的客户承担维持铁路运营的成本费用

    解析:

  • if引导条件状语从句
  • 条件状语从句和主句间有一个插入语
  • 主句包含一个定语从句,who引导定语从句修饰shippers,在句子中做主语
  • 14年考研英语一阅读第三篇第一题(考研英语一)(5)

    5. It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail .

    结构:

  • It’s a theory
  • 定语从句:to which many economists [主] subscribe [谓]
  • but in practice it [主1] often leaves [谓1] railroads in the position of determining
  • 宾语从句:which companies will flourish and which will fails [宾1]
  • 单词:

    Subscribe vt.捐助 订阅

    Determine vt.决定

    Flourish vt.繁荣

    词组:

    In practice 实际上

    Subscribe to 赞成

    解析:

  • To which 引导定语从句,修饰theory,句子中不做成分
  • Determining 非谓语动词引导宾语从句,省略连接词that
  • 宾语从句中的Which不是连接词,是代词
  • 直译:很多经济学家赞同这个理论,但是,实际上,这个理论经常使铁路企业去决定哪个公司会繁荣,哪个公司会衰败

    译文:这种理论得到很多经济学家的赞成,但,实际上,这使得铁路公司可以决定哪些公司会兴旺,哪些公司会倒闭

    重点:

  • In practice 实际上
  • Subscribe to 赞成
  • To which 引导定语从句,修饰theory,句子中不做成分
  • Determining 非谓语动词引导宾语从句,省略连接词that
  • 宾语从句中的Which不是连接词,是代词
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