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小学英语语法句型结构大全(小学英语语法知识点)

小学英语语法句型结构大全(小学英语语法知识点)外面正在下雨如:It is raining now.表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now listen look等词连用,结构是主语 be动词(am is are) 动词ing.

小学阶段必备的英语语法知识点,时态,句型,常用词大全,你需要的都在这儿了,多读几遍,记在脑子里哦!


小学英语语法句型结构大全(小学英语语法知识点)(1)


1.现在进行时


表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now listen look等词连用,结构是主语 be动词(am is are) 动词ing.


如:It is raining now.

外面正在下雨

It is six o’clock now.

现在6点了

My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.

我父母正在客厅看报纸

Look! The children are having a running race now.

看!孩子们正在赛跑


问句将be动词移前,否定句在be动词后 not.


2.一般现在时


表示经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与often usually sometimes always every day(week year…)>

结构是主语 动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he she it Tom my mother the boy等词时,动词后加s或es.


如:We have an English lesson every day.

我们每天都要上英语课

Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes they do.

男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的


问句借助于do does否定句借助于don’t doesn’t,后面动词一定要还原。


3.一般过去时


表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。


结构是主语 be动词的过去式(was; were)或主语 动词的过去式。

注意:be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。


如:My earphones were>我的耳机刚刚还在呢。

Where were you last week? I was at a camp.

你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了

What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm

你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。


问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;


否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。


4.一般将来时


表示将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与tomorrow next week(year; Tuesday…) this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语 be(am is are) going to 动原或主语 will 动原。


如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.

你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。

The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.

孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。

Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.

Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。


问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not.


5.情态动词


can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后一定加动词原形。


如:The girl can’t swim but she can skate.

女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰

Don’t talk in class you should listen to the teacher carefully.

不要再课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。


6.祈使句


肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。


如:Open the box for me please.

请为我打开盒子。

Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.

刘涛,明天请早点起床!

Don’t walk>不要在草地上走!

Helen! Don’t climb the tree please.

海伦!不要爬树。


7.go的用法


去干嘛用go 动词ing


如: go swimming; go fishing;

go skating;

go camping;

go running;

go skiing;

go rowing…


8.比较


than 前用比较级;as…as之间用原级。


如:My mother is two years younger than my father.

我妈比我爸年轻两岁。

Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.

刘涛跳得和本一样远。


9.喜欢做某事


用like 动词ing或like to 动原。


如:Su Yang likes growing flowers.

苏阳喜欢种花。

The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.

孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。


10.想要做某事


用 would like to 动原或want to 动原。


例:I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum


11.some


用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any 但当表示委婉语气时仍用

如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?


12.代词


人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。


宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后


如:Open them for me. Let us … join me等。


宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。


形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是my your his her its our your their


名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词,分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。


13.介词


介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式

如:be good at running;

do well in jumping;


14.时间介词


季节前,月份前用介词in

如:in summer;in March


具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on

如:on Saturday;>

在几点钟前用介词at

如:at a quarter to four;


只在上下午晚上用in

如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;


但在夜间用at night。

另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.


15.名词复数构成的方法


有规则的有:

(1)直接在名词后加s

如orange—oranges; photo—photos;


(2) 以x s sh ch 结尾的加es

如:box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches


(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如:study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;


(4)以f fe结尾的改f fe 为v+es如:knife—knives; thief—thieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es mango—mangoes其余加s )


不规则的有:

man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children


16.动词第三人称单数的构成


(1)直接在动词后加s

如:run—runs; dance—dances


(2)以s sh ch o结尾的加es

如:do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches


(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如:study—studies; carry—carries;


17.现在分词的构成


(1)直接在动词后加ing

如:sing—singing; ski—skiing;


(2)双写词尾加ing

如:swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;


(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing

如:ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;


18.规则动词过去式的构成


(1)直接在动词后加ed

如:clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;


(2)以e结尾的直接加d

如:dance—danced; taste—tasted;


(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed

如:study—studied;carry—carried;


(4)双写词尾加ed

如:stop—stopped; jog—jogged;


不规则的有:am is—was; are—were; do does—did; have has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;


19.形容词副词比较级的构成


规则的:

(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er

如;small—smaller; low—lower;


(2)以e结尾的加r

如:late—larer;


(3)双写词尾加er

如:big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;


(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er

如:heavy—heavier; early—earlier;


不规则的有:

good well—better(最高级为best); many much--- more(最高级为most); far---farther;


20.rain与snow的用法


(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词

如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。


(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:

动词原形rain, snow;

第三人称单数rains ,snows;

现在分词raining;snowing

过去式rained;snowed;

如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。

②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。

③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。


(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

如:It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。

If it is rainy tomorrow I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。


21.比较级


注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。

如:My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy’s. My brother is stronger than me.


22.have has


表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数);There is/ are;

There was/ were 表示某地存在有

注意There be 句型的就近原则

单数或不可数用there is /was;

复数用there are/ were.


23.本身就是复数的词


眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。

如:My glasses were>

但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数

如:There is a pair of chopsticks>

24.五个元音字母分别是Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu


25.一个的用法


a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前;an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。

如:There is an ’s’ a ‘t’ a ‘u’ a ‘d’ an ‘e’ an ‘n’ and a ‘t’ in the word ‘student’.


26.时间表示法


有两种:

(1)直接读时钟和分钟。

如6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five;


(2)用to与past表示。

在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点

如:6:10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;

过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分

如7:45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;


27.基数词变序数词的方法


基变序有规律,结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,结尾字母t、d(即first second third);

八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替(即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five-- fifth ;twelve—twelfth);

ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twenty—twentieth;forty—fortieth);

几十几十位为基个位为序(如第二十一为twenty-first)。

另外强调序数词前一定要加the。


28.日期的表示法


用the 序数词 of 月

如:三月三日 the third of March;

12月25日 the 25th of December.


29.both 表示两者都


如:My parents are both teachers.

all表示三者以上都

如:The students are all very excited.


30.节日的表示法


有day的节日前用on.

没有day的节日前用at

如:at Christmas;>


31.激动兴奋的


excited表示激动的,兴奋地主语是人;

exciting表示令人激动的,令人兴奋的主语是事情

如:The running race is very exciting so all the students are very excited.

赛跑非常令人激动,因此所有的学生都很激动。


32.比较


两者比较用比较级,三者以上比较用最高级

如:Who runs faster the boy or the girl? The boy does

谁跑得更快,男孩还是女孩?男孩。

Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.

你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢秋天。

Which season do you like better summer or winter? I like winter better.

你更喜欢哪个季节,夏天还是冬天?我更喜欢冬天。


33.动词还原的用法


前面用了do does did don’t doesn’t didn’t后面动词要还原。

如:Did she watch TV last night?

Helen doesn’t like taking photos.


34.到了


到达用get to

但注意到家,到这儿,到那儿不可以加to

如:get home; get here; get there

另外go home; come here; go there也一样。


35.长着和穿着


长着什么用with

如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;


穿着什么用in

如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人

或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女


36.让某人做某事


用let sb后加动词原形

如:Let’s water the flowers together.


是该做…的时候了用It’s time for 名词或It’s time to 动原。

帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth

如:帮我学英语是 help me with my English


37.树上


外来的东西在树上用in the tree

如:the bird in the tree;


树上长的用on the tree

如:the apples>

38.运动和乐器


球类之前不加the;

乐器之前必须加the

如:play the piano; play football


39.一周中的第一天是Sunday; 一年中的第一个月是January


40.get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样 。如:get stronger; get long


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