b站博人传更新(B站博人传评论数据抓取)
b站博人传更新(B站博人传评论数据抓取)第一步, 在settings文件中添加一些UserAgent 我从互联网找了一些class BorenSpider(scrapy.Spider): BASE_URL = "https://bangumi.bilibili.com/review/web_api/short/list?media_id=5978&folded=0&page_size=20&sort=0&cursor={}" name = 'Boren' allowed_domains = ['bangumi.bilibili.com'] start_urls = [BASE_URL.format("76742479839522")] def parse(self response): print(response.url) resdata = json.loads(respons
1. B站博人传评论数据爬取简介
今天想了半天不知道抓啥,去B站看跳舞的小姐姐,忽然看到了评论,那就抓取一下B站的评论数据,视频动画那么多,也不知道抓取哪个,选了一个博人传跟火影相关的,抓取看看。网址: https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/media/md5978/?from=search&seid=16013388136765436883#short
在这个网页看到了18560条短评,数据量也不大,抓取看看,使用的还是scrapy。
2. B站博人传评论数据案例---获取链接
从开发者工具中你能轻易的得到如下链接,有链接之后就好办了,如何创建项目就不在啰嗦了,我们直接进入主题。
我在代码中的 parse 函数中,设定了两个 yield 一个用来返回 items 一个用来返回 requests 。
然后实现一个新的功能,每次访问切换 UA ,这个点我们需要使用到中间件技术。
class BorenSpider(scrapy.Spider): BASE_URL = "https://bangumi.bilibili.com/review/web_api/short/list?media_id=5978&folded=0&page_size=20&sort=0&cursor={}" name = 'Boren' allowed_domains = ['bangumi.bilibili.com'] start_urls = [BASE_URL.format("76742479839522")] def parse(self response): print(response.url) resdata = json.loads(response.body_as_unicode()) if resdata["code"] == 0: # 获取最后一个数据 if len(resdata["result"]["list"]) > 0: data = resdata["result"]["list"] cursor = data[-1]["cursor"] for one in data: item = BorenzhuanItem() item["author"] = one["author"]["uname"] item["content"] = one["content"] item["ctime"] = one["ctime"] item["disliked"] = one["disliked"] item["liked"] = one["liked"] item["likes"] = one["likes"] item["user_season"] = one["user_season"]["last_ep_index"] if "user_season" in one else "" item["score"] = one["user_rating"]["score"] yield item yield scrapy.Request(self.BASE_URL.format(cursor) callback=self.parse)
3. B站博人传评论数据案例---实现随机UA
第一步, 在settings文件中添加一些UserAgent 我从互联网找了一些
USER_AGENT_LIST=[ "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24" ]
第二步,在settings文件中设置 “DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES”
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { #'borenzhuan.middlewares.BorenzhuanDownloaderMiddleware': 543 'borenzhuan.middlewares.RandomUserAgentMiddleware': 400 }
第三步,在 middlewares.py 文件中导入 settings模块中的 USER_AGENT_LIST 方法
from borenzhuan.settings import USER_AGENT_LIST # 导入中间件 import random class RandomUserAgentMiddleware(object): def process_request(self request spider): rand_use = random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST) if rand_use: request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent' rand_use)
好了,随机的UA已经实现,你可以在 parse 函数中编写如下代码进行测试
print(response.request.headers)
4. B站博人传评论数据----完善item
这个操作相对简单,这些数据就是我们要保存的数据了。!
author = scrapy.Field() content = scrapy.Field() ctime = scrapy.Field() disliked = scrapy.Field() liked = scrapy.Field() likes = scrapy.Field() score = scrapy.Field() user_season = scrapy.Field()
5. B站博人传评论数据案例---提高爬取速度
在settings.py中设置如下参数:
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16) CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay # See also autothrottle settings and docs DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1 # The download delay setting will honor only one of: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16 CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16 # Disable cookies (enabled by default) COOKIES_ENABLED = False
解释说明
一、降低下载延迟
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0
将下载延迟设为0,这时需要相应的防ban措施,一般使用user agent轮转,构建user agent池,轮流选择其中之一来作为user agent。
二、多线程
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
scrapy网络请求是基于Twisted,而Twisted默认支持多线程,而且scrapy默认也是通过多线程请求的,并且支持多核CPU的并发,我们通过一些设置提高scrapy的并发数可以提高爬取速度。
三、禁用cookies
COOKIES_ENABLED = False
6. B站博人传评论数据案例---保存数据
最后在 pipelines.py 文件中,编写保存代码即可
import os import csv class BorenzhuanPipeline(object): def __init__(self): store_file = os.path.dirname(__file__) '/spiders/bore.csv' self.file = open(store_file "a " newline="" encoding="utf-8") self.writer = csv.writer(self.file) def process_item(self item spider): try: self.writer.writerow(( item["author"] item["content"] item["ctime"] item["disliked"] item["liked"] item["likes"] item["score"] item["user_season"] )) except Exception as e: print(e.args) def close_spider(self spider): self.file.close()
运行代码之后,发现过了一会报错了
去看了一眼,原来是数据爬取完毕~!!!