名词性从句易考点和易错点（名词性从句5--）

名词性从句易考点和易错点（名词性从句5--）A. what will man look like B. what man will look like练习：No one can be sure ___B___ in a million years.When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question.I don’t know what his name is.Can you tell me what size shoes you wear?

考点分类解析

【考点一：语序问题】

名词性从句的语序：永远陈述语气。即名词性从句中不会出现助动词提前的现象。如：

Who he is doesn’t matter much.

When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question.

I don’t know what his name is.

Can you tell me what size shoes you wear?

练习：No one can be sure ___B___ in a million years.

A. what will man look like B. what man will look like

C. man will look like what D. what look will man like

【考点二：that和what的区别问题】

what不能引导定语从句的。定语从句中如果缺少的成分是主语、宾语、表语，我们选择的是关系代词that或其他。在名词性从句中 what可作主语、宾语、表语。that只是一个“连接词”，既不作什么成分，也没有什么意义。如:

What you said yesterday is right.

That you don’t love her is not my business.

练习1：What we have seen is different from _______.

A. we heard B. we have heard C. what we heard D. what we have heard

答案：D。这是个宾语从句。从句中hear是个及物动词，缺少宾语。所以，应该选有what引导的从句。而不能是that或者省略了that的情况。

练习2：I couldn’t agree with ______ at the meeting.

A. that you said B. which you said C. all what you said D. what you said

答案：Ｄ。这是一个宾语从句。从句中的say是个及物动词，缺少宾语。所以，应该选择what引导的宾语从句。最容易错的选项是Ｃ。 有些同学认为all是先行词，而后面时what引导的定语从句。但是，what是不引导定语从句的。

【考点三：that和whether的区别问题】

that在从句中既不作成分，也没有自己的意义；而whether虽然不作成分，但是它有意义，即“是否”。如：

I don’t know whether he can join us or not. I’m sure that he can join us.

练习1：I have no doubt ___A__ Mr. Johnson will make it here on time.

A. that B. whether C. why D. when

练习2：No one can be sure ___B__ the board will accept our conditions.

A. that B. whether C. why D. what

【考点四：if和whether的区别问题】

在引导宾语从句时，二者都有“是否”之意。一般认为，在宾语从句中二者可以互换。如：

He didn’t give us explicit reply whether/if he will attend our wedding ceremony.

而在介词的宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，不定式搭配的结构中，习惯上只能用whether。如：

练习1. ___B____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

练习2. The question of ____B___ they are old or young is not important.

A. which B. whether C. how D. if

练习3. The question is ___C___ the film is worth seeing.

A. if B. what C. whether D. how

练习4. He doesn’t know ___C___ to stay or not.

A. if B. when C. whether D. how

练习5. The news __C___ our team has won the match is unknown.

A. which B. if C. whether D. then

【考点五：wh-词和wh-ever的区别问题】

一般认为，wh-词在引导从句时，在意思上应该表达的是一个“问题”，如：“谁？什么？何时？何地？为何？怎么？”等。而wh-ever已经没有这层色彩，而是充满了让步的意味，多有“无论．．．”之意。如：

The police wanted to know who will benefit most from the old man’s death.

警方想知道谁将从老人的去世中受益最多。

Whoever will benefit from the old man’s death will be questioned by the police.

能从老人的去世之中受益的所有人都将受到警方的盘问。

Who will be sent to help the people in the flooded areas hasn’t been announced.

谁将被派往洪灾区去救援还没有宣布。

Whoever will be sent to work in the flooded areas will spare no effort to help the people in need.

不管是谁被派往灾区救援都会全力以赴地帮助灾民。

【考点六：no matter wh-和wh-ever的区别问题】

二者都有“无论．．．”之意。在引导让步状语从句时可以互换，没有什么区别。但是，no matter wh-只能引导状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。Wh-ever既可以引导状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。

Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. (主语从句)

Whoever/ No matter who breaks the rules he/she will be punished. (状语从句)

Don’t believe whatever he tells you. (宾语从句)

Don’t believe him whatever/ no matter what he tells you. (状语从句)

【考点七：名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题】

一般说来，如果从句作的是表示说话人某种观点、态度或要求等语气的动词的宾语时，从句中要求用should＋动词原形的虚拟语气（should经常可以省略）。这些动词常见的有：desire demand require request order propose command advise suggest等。如：

例：He insisted that she （should）spend more time studying.

He demanded that we （should）be on time.

The boss required that all waiters (should) keep standing all day long.

有两个特例是suggest和insist。它们俩后面的宾语从句是否用虚拟语气还要看具体语境来定。如：

The doctor suggested that I had a cold。 (这个suggest的意思是“解释，说明”。后面不用虚拟语气)

The doctor suggested that I (should) stay in bed for a few day. (这个suggest的意思是“建议”。后面用虚拟语气)

The young man insisted that he was well enough to serve in the army.

(这个insist坚持的是一个事实不是一种观点。后面不用虚拟语气)

That young man insisted that he should be sent to the front.

(这个insist坚持的是一种观点，即“他应该被派往前线”。后面用虚拟语气)

以上是宾语从句中的虚拟语气现象。如果是其他三种名词性从句，只要和上述动词有关，也享受同样的待遇。如：

The headquarters’ suggestion is that we (should) wait for another few days. (表语从句)

His order that all the soldiers (should) swim across the river was refused. (同位语从句)

It is strongly recommended that you (should) take a taxi. (主语从句)

另外，在下面这几个特殊的句型中，后面的主语从句也用虚拟语气。

a. It is important/ necessary/ natural/ a wonder/ essential（必要的）/suggested that…should do… 如：

It is important that you （should）be on time.

It is necessary that you (should) exercise regularly.

b. I wish that … did…. 如：

I wish I were a bird.

I wish one day I could live on the moon.

c. I’d rather that… did… 如：

I’d rather you did it yourself.

I’d rather I hadn’t lent you that bicycle yesterday.

【考点八：宾语从句的反意疑问句的问题】

众所周知，反意疑问句是由句子的谓语和主语的代词形式共同构成。如：

He is ignorant isn’t he? He isn’t strong is he?

如果前面的句子中含有宾语从句，一定针对主句的主语、谓语。如：

You know he is ignorant don’t you? I told you he isn’t strong didn’t I?

当主句的主语是I 且谓语动词是表示观点的动词如think believe suppose expect am afraid等时，就只能针对从句反问了。如：

I think he is ignorant isn’t he? I believe he isn’t strong is he?

【考点九：it在名词性从句中的作用问题】

it在名词性从句中作形式宾语和形式主语的用法。如：

作形式主语：

It worried me a bit that he didn’t phone.

It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.

It wasn’t clear to anyone why he didn’t come.

作形式宾语：

I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.

I think it important that we should keep calm.

【考点十：主语从句和强调句型的混淆问题】

从表面上看，it作形式主语的主语从句有时候和强调句型有些相似。如：

It is impossible that we can persuade him to join us. (主语从句)

It is with Tom’s help that we were able to persuade him to join us. (强调句型)

其实，强调句型其实很简单，即在It is/was 与that之间放上我们想要强调的某个句子成分。

1．基本式：It was on the top of the mountain that we met the foreign tourist.

2. 一般疑问句式：Was it on the top of the mountain that you met the foreign tourist?

3. 特殊疑问句式：Where was it that you met the foreign tourist?

4．复合句式：Can you tell me where it was that you met the foreign tourist?

5．套定语从句式：It was in the house which was built by his father that he was born.

6. 套定语从句加省略式：

--- Where did you meet the foreign tourist?

--- It was in the hotel where we lived (that we met the foreign tourist).

判断一个句子是否是强调句型，思路是当去掉强调句型、各个成分各归其位以后，该句子是否还成立。下面几个例子就不是强调句型：

It was not yet seven o’clock when he came back last night.

因为，*He came back last night not yet seven o’clock.就不是个正确的句子。

--- I heard that Tom was once almost drowned. When was that?

--- It was in 2000 when he was swimming in a pool.

同理，*He was swimming in a pool in 2000. 从逻辑上看也不成立。因为，我们不可能一整年都在游泳。