中考英语动词不定式和动名词汇总(中考英语知识点)
中考英语动词不定式和动名词汇总(中考英语知识点)whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语。例如: The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中,主格who代替了宾格whom,亦可省略) whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。例如: Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗 This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。
who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。例如:
An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。例如:
Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗
This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。
The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中,主格who代替了宾格whom,亦可省略)
whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语。例如:
The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。
Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗 (关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which,意思 是:the window of the hotel。)
关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间,when在定语从句作时间状语。例如:
In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.
北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(when先行词是months)
Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace
你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗 (when先行词是day, 当代英语里when可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示时间的关系副词)
I haven’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo.
自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。(when先行词是year,同样when可以用that代替)
关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点,where在定语从句作地点状语。例如:
During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.
春节期间,我回到了生我养我的家乡。(where的先行词是town)
This is the place where Li Bai once lived.
这是李白曾经生活过的地方。(where先行词是place)
上面这个句子不可以将where改为that,因为that不能作为表示地点的关系副词。试比较下句:
This is the place that Li Bai once visited.
这是李白曾经游览过的地方。(that的先行词同样是place,但这个that是关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略,还可以用which替换)
关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因,why在定语从句作原因状语。例如:
The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.
我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。(why先行词是reason,当代英语里why可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词,还可以将why省略)
This is the reason why he came late to school.
这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。(why先行词是reason,why可以用that替代,还可以省略)
注意:如果上面的句子将the reason省略,那么这个句子就变成了(This is why he came late to school. )表语从句,句子意思丝毫未变。
中考英语知识点:关系代词who与that的区别
1. 当关系代词用作主语时,多用主格who。例如:
He who loses hope loses all.
失去希望的人就失去一切。(先行词为代词he they any all one等时,多用who)
I met Alice who told me that she was learning Chinese.
我遇见艾丽斯,她告诉我她在学汉语。(在非限制性定语从句中,用who)
2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时,用宾格whom,不用that。例如:
The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.
我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。(介词与关系代词紧密相连时,只能用宾格whom,不可用主格who)
注意:介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时,或者说介词放在句子后面时,这时可以用主格who,也可用that,还可以省略关系代词。因此,上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法:
(1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
第4句简洁、自然,所以口语中用得最多。
3. 当关系代词泛指人时,多用that。例如:
He is a man that is never afraid of failure.
他是个从不怕失败的人。(that用来泛指人)
4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时,应用that。例如:
Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English
用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁 (避免重复使用who,以免造成误解或语义含混不清)
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